1
|
Richard BA, Spence M, Rull-Garza M, Roba YT, Schwarz D, Ramsay JB, Laurence-Chasen JD, Ross CF, Konow N. Rhythmic chew cycles with distinct fast and slow phases are ancestral to gnathostomes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220539. [PMID: 37839454 PMCID: PMC10577039 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-oral food processing, including chewing, is important for safe swallowing and efficient nutrient assimilation across tetrapods. Gape cycles in tetrapod chewing consist of four phases (fast open and -close, and slow open and -close), with processing mainly occurring during slow close. Basal aquatic-feeding vertebrates also process food intraorally, but whether their chew cycles are partitioned into distinct phases, and how rhythmic their chewing is, remains unknown. Here, we show that chew cycles from sharks to salamanders are as rhythmic as those of mammals, and consist of at least three, and often four phases, with phase distinction occasionally lacking during jaw opening. In fishes and aquatic-feeding salamanders, fast open has the most variable duration, more closely resembling mammals than basal amniotes (lepidosaurs). Across ontogenetically or behaviourally mediated terrestrialization, salamanders show a distinct pattern of the second closing phase (near-contact) being faster than the first, with no clear pattern in partitioning of variability across phases. Our results suggest that distinct fast and slow chew cycle phases are ancestral for jawed vertebrates, followed by a complicated evolutionary history of cycle phase durations and jaw velocities across fishes, basal tetrapods and mammals. These results raise new questions about the mechanical and sensorimotor underpinnings of vertebrate food processing. This article is part of the theme issue 'Food processing and nutritional assimilation in animals'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Richard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01954, USA
| | - Meghan Spence
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01954, USA
| | - Mateo Rull-Garza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01954, USA
| | - Yonas Tolosa Roba
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01954, USA
| | - Daniel Schwarz
- Department of Paleontology, State Museum of Natural History, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jason B. Ramsay
- Biology Department, Westfield State University, Westfield, MA 01086, USA
| | - J. D. Laurence-Chasen
- Department of Organismic Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Callum F. Ross
- Department of Organismic Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicolai Konow
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01954, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A nonanalog Pliocene ungulate community at Laetoli with implications for the paleoecology of Australopithecus afarensis. J Hum Evol 2022; 167:103182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
3
|
Fannin LD, Singels E, Esler KJ, Dominy NJ. Grit and consequence. Evol Anthropol 2021; 30:375-384. [PMID: 34652829 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Grit is implicated in several biological phenomena-it wears teeth, it fractures teeth, it drives tooth evolution, it elicits complex manual manipulations-any one of which could be described as a central topic in evolutionary anthropology. But what is grit? We hardly know because we tend to privilege the consequences of grit (it is abrasive) over its formal features, all but ignoring crucial variables such as mineral composition, material properties, and particle geometry (size, angularity), not to mention natural variation in the habitats of primates and their food surfaces. Few topics have animated so much debate and invited such cool indifference at the same time. Our goal here is to shine a light on grit, to put a philosophical lens on the nature of our discourse, and to call attention to large empirical voids that should be filled and folded into our understanding of primate natural history and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke D Fannin
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.,Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, Environment, and Society, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Elzanne Singels
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Karen J Esler
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel J Dominy
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chirichella R, De Marinis AM, Pokorny B, Apollonio M. Dentition and body condition: tooth wear as a correlate of weight loss in roe deer. Front Zool 2021; 18:47. [PMID: 34544436 PMCID: PMC8454088 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In many mammalian species, once the permanent teeth have erupted, the only change to dentition is a gradual loss of tooth surface/height through wear. The crown of the teeth cannot be repaired once worn. When dental crown tissue has been depleted due to wear, the animal is expected to have a suboptimal body condition. We evaluated the role of tooth wear in causing a reduction of physical condition in adult roe deer females (Capreolus capreolus). Results The progressive wearing of the lower cheek teeth was assessed in a Northern Apennines (Italy) population with a new scoring scheme based on objectively described tooth characteristics (morphotypes) being either present or absent. Eviscerated body mass and mandible length, which is a good proxy for body size in roe deer, were related to the tooth wear score by the use of linear regressions. The sum of wear scores for molariform teeth correlated most strongly with body condition (i.e., eviscerated body mass/mandible length), showing the importance of the entire chewing surface for acquiring energy by food comminution, chewing, and digestion. In comparison with individuals of comparable size experiencing minor tooth wear, the body mass of those with the most advanced stage of tooth wear was decreased by 33.7%. This method was compared to the height and the hypsodonty index of the first molar, the most commonly used indices of tooth wear. The sum of molariform wear scoring scheme resulted in a more suitable index to describe the variation in body condition of roe deer. Conclusions Describing tooth wear patterns in hunted populations and monitoring at which tooth wear level (and therefore dental morphotype) an animal is no longer able to sustain its physical condition (i.e. when it begins to lose body mass) can be a useful tool for improving the management of the most widespread and abundant deer species in Europe. At the same time, such an approach can clarify the role of tooth wear as a proximate cause of senescence in ungulates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12983-021-00433-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Chirichella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria De Marinis
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Ca' Fornacetta 9, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Boštjan Pokorny
- Environmental Protection College, Trg mladosti 7, 3320, Velenje, Slovenia.,Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marco Apollonio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ackermans NL, Winkler DE, Schulz-Kornas E, Kaiser TM, Martin LF, Hatt JM, Clauss M. Dental wear proxy correlation in a long-term feeding experiment on sheep ( Ovis aries). J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210139. [PMID: 34283942 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary reconstruction in vertebrates often relies on dental wear-based proxies. Although these proxies are widely applied, the contributions of physical and mechanical processes leading to meso- and microwear are still unclear. We tested their correlation using sheep (Ovis aries, n = 39) fed diets of varying abrasiveness for 17 months as a model. Volumetric crown tissue loss, mesowear change and dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) were all applied to the same teeth. We hereby correlate: (i) 46 DMTA parameters with each other, for the maxillary molars (M1, M2, M3), and the second mandibular molar (m2); (ii) 10 mesowear variables to each other and to DMTA for M1, M2, M3 and m2; and (iii) volumetric crown tissue loss to mesowear and DMTA for M2. As expected, many DMTA parameters correlated strongly with each other, supporting the application of reduced parameter sets in future studies. Correlation results showed only few DMTA parameters correlated with volumetric tissue change and even less so with mesowear variables, with no correlation between mesowear and volumetric tissue change. These findings caution against interpreting DMTA and mesowear patterns in terms of actual tissue removal until these dental wear processes can be better understood at microscopic and macroscopic levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Ackermans
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela E Winkler
- Applied and Analytical Paleontology, Institute for Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, Department of Natural Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan.,Center of Natural History, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ellen Schulz-Kornas
- Department of Cariology, Endontology and Peridontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Kaiser
- Center of Natural History, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Louise F Martin
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,AgroVet Strickhof, Lindau Site, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dental wear patterns reveal dietary ecology and season of death in a historical chimpanzee population. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251309. [PMID: 33970963 PMCID: PMC8109778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental wear analyses have been widely used to interpret the dietary ecology in primates. However, it remains unclear to what extent a combination of wear analyses acting at distinct temporal scales can be beneficial in interpreting the tooth use of primates with a high variation in their intraspecific dietary ecology. Here, we combine macroscopic tooth wear (occlusal fingerprint analysis, long-term signals) with microscopic 3D surface textures (short-term signals) exploring the tooth use of a historical western chimpanzee population from northeastern Liberia with no detailed dietary records. We compare our results to previously published tooth wear and feeding data of the extant and continually monitored chimpanzees of Taї National Park in Ivory Coast. Macroscopic tooth wear results from molar wear facets of the Liberian population indicate only slightly less wear when compared to the Taї population. This suggests similar long-term feeding behavior between both populations. In contrast, 3D surface texture results show that Liberian chimpanzees have many and small microscopic wear facet features that group them with those Taї chimpanzees that knowingly died during dry periods. This coincides with historical accounts, which indicate that local tribes poached and butchered the Liberian specimens during dust-rich dry periods. In addition, Liberian females and males differ somewhat in their 3D surface textures, with females having more microscopic peaks, smaller hill and dale areas and slightly rougher wear facet surfaces than males. This suggests a higher consumption of insects in Liberian females compared to males, based on similar 3D surface texture patterns previously reported for Taї chimpanzees. Our study opens new options for uncovering details of feeding behaviors of chimpanzees and other living and fossil primates, with macroscopic tooth wear tracing the long-term dietary and environmental history of a single population and microscopic tooth wear addressing short-term changes (e.g. seasonality).
Collapse
|
7
|
Assessing molar wear in narrow-headed voles as a proxy for diet and habitat in a changing Arctic. Mamm Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-020-00079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
8
|
Ackermans NL, Martin LF, Codron D, Kircher PR, Richter H, Clauss M, Hatt JM. Confirmation of a wear-compensation mechanism in dental roots of ruminants. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:425-436. [PMID: 32314555 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diet affects many factors of an animal's anatomy, but teeth are a specific focus of dietary research, as their durability lends them to record information on a large variety of scales. Abrasive diets like those of grazing herbivores are known to wear down teeth, but how that wear affects tooth growth and the relations between its different morphological components is rarely investigated. Seven pelleted diets varying in abrasive size and concentration were fed over a 17-month period to 49 sheep (Ovis aries), of which n = 39 qualified for morphology measurements. Using computed tomography, scans of the skulls were made over the course of the experiment, and the impact of diet-related wear was observed on tooth volume and morphology, including the position of dental burr marks, over time. Digital caliper measurements were applied to 3D renderings of the teeth, and the volume of crown and root segments were investigated separately. We aimed to detect a signal of root growth compensating for wear, and test if this mechanism would be affected by dietary abrasives. Crown-segment volume loss was correlated to root-segment volume gain. Height and burr mark measurements indicated a much higher experimental tooth wear than that previously reported for free-ranging animals. The reason for this is unclear. There was no relationship between tooth height and dentine basin depth. For all parameters, there was no effect of diet; hence, while the measurements corroborate general understanding of tooth wear and compensatory processes, these methods appear not suitable to assess subtle differences between feeding regimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Ackermans
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Louise F Martin
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daryl Codron
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Partick R Kircher
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Richter
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Hatt
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Published mesowear data was reviewed from the year 2000 to November 2019 (211 publications, 707 species, 1,396 data points). Mesowear is a widely applied tooth wear technique that can be used to infer a herbivore’s diet by scoring the height and sharpness of molar tooth cusps with the naked eye. Established as a fast and efficient tool for paleodiet reconstruction, the technique has seen multiple adaptations, simplifications, and extensions since its establishment, which have become complex to follow. The present study reviews all successive changes and adaptations to the mesowear technique in detail, providing a template for the application of each technique to the research question at hand. In addition, the array of species to which mesowear has been applied, along with the equivalent recorded diets have been compiled here in a large dataset. This review provides an insight into the metrics related to mesowear publication since its establishment. The large dataset overviews whether the species to which the various techniques of mesowear are applied are extant or extinct, their phylogenetic classification, their assigned diets and diet stability between studies, as a resource for future research on the topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Ackermans
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stauffer JB, Clauss M, Müller DWH, Hatt JM, Ackermans NL. Testing Inner-Mesowear III on Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) Fed Experimental Diets. ANN ZOOL FENN 2019. [DOI: 10.5735/086.056.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Clauss
- 2) Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Michel Hatt
- 2) Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole L. Ackermans
- 2) Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sánchez-Hernández C, Gourichon L, Pubert E, Rendu W, Montes R, Rivals F. Combined dental wear and cementum analyses in ungulates reveal the seasonality of Neanderthal occupations in Covalejos Cave (Northern Iberia). Sci Rep 2019; 9:14335. [PMID: 31586143 PMCID: PMC6778078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose for the first time the use of the combination of two high-resolution techniques, dental wear (meso- and microwear) and dental cementum analyses, to gain a better understanding of Neanderthal subsistence strategies and occupational patterns. Dental wear analysis provides information not only on ungulate palaeodiet and palaeoenvironments but also on hunting time and seasons. Dental cementum analysis allows the accurate determination of the age and season at death of a prey. Our study has focused on the Cantabrian region and has applied both methods to investigate the Mousterian faunal assemblages in Covalejos Cave. Identification of the ungulate palaeodiet reveals information on the environmental conditions of the studied region. Moreover, it may facilitate observation on the evolution of both palaeodiet and palaeoenvironment throughout the site sequence. Results show a general stability in the palaeoenvironmental conditions and in the ungulate palaeodiet throughout the Mousterian sequence; this finding may be attributed to the role of the area as a climate refuge, and slight differences in levels 8, 7 and 4 suggest long- or short-term but repeated Neanderthal occupations at different seasons in the annual cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sánchez-Hernández
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Àrea de Prehistòria, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain.
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CEPAM, Nice, France.
| | | | - Eric Pubert
- PACEA (CNRS-UMR 5199), Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment B2, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - William Rendu
- PACEA (CNRS-UMR 5199), Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment B2, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Ramón Montes
- Itinerario Cultural del Consejo de Europa Prehistoric Rock Art, Madrid, Spain
| | - Florent Rivals
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Àrea de Prehistòria, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Ackermans NL, Martin LF, Hummel J, Müller DW, Clauss M, Hatt JM. Feeding selectivity for diet abrasiveness in sheep and goats. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Ackermans NL, Clauss M, Winkler DE, Schulz-Kornas E, Kaiser TM, Müller DWH, Kircher PR, Hummel J, Hatt JM. Root growth compensates for molar wear in adult goats (Capra aegagrus hircus). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2018; 331:139-148. [PMID: 30511369 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One reason for the mammalian clade's success is the evolutionary diversity of their teeth. In herbivores, this is represented by high-crowned teeth evolved to compensate for wear caused by dietary abrasives like phytoliths and grit. Exactly how dietary abrasives wear teeth is still not understood completely. We fed four different pelleted diets of increasing abrasiveness (L: Lucerne; G: grass; GR: grass and rice husks; GRS: grass, rice husks, and sand) to four groups of a total of 28 adult goats, all with completely erupted third molars, over a six-month period. Tooth morphology was captured by medical computed tomography scans at the beginning and end of the controlled feeding experiment, and separation lines between the crown and root segments were defined in the upper right second molar (M2), to gauge absolute wear. Using bootstrapping, significant differences in volume loss between diets L/G and GR/GRS were detected. A small but nevertheless consistent volume gain was noted in the roots, and there was a significant, positive correlation between crown volume loss and root volume gain. This growth could possibly be attributed to the well-known process of cementum deposition and its relation with a putative feedback mechanism, in place to attenuate wear caused by abrasive diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Ackermans
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurih, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurih, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela E Winkler
- Institute for Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center of Natural History, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ellen Schulz-Kornas
- Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Center of Natural History, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas M Kaiser
- Center of Natural History, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Patrick R Kircher
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Hummel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ruminant Nutrition, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jean-Michel Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurih, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|