1
|
Jiang L, Liu CY, Cui G, Huang LT, Yu XL, Sun YF, Tong HY, Zhou GW, Yuan XC, Hu YS, Zhou WL, Aranda M, Qian PY, Huang H. Rapid shifts in thermal reaction norms and tolerance of brooded coral larvae following parental heat acclimation. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1098-1116. [PMID: 36528869 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thermal priming of reef corals can enhance their heat tolerance; however, the legacy effects of heat stress during parental brooding on larval resilience remain understudied. This study investigated whether preconditioning adult coral Pocillopora damicornis to high temperatures (29°C and 32°C) could better prepare their larvae for heat stress. Results showed that heat-acclimated adults brooded larvae with reduced symbiont density and shifted thermal performance curves. Reciprocal transplant experiments demonstrated higher bleaching resistance and better photosynthetic and autotrophic performance in heat-exposed larvae from acclimated adults compared to unacclimated adults. RNA-seq revealed strong cellular stress responses in larvae from heat-acclimated adults that could have been effective in rescuing host cells from stress, as evidenced by the widespread upregulation of genes involved in cell cycle and mitosis. For symbionts, a molecular coordination between light harvesting, photoprotection and carbon fixation was detected in larvae from heat-acclimated adults, which may help optimize photosynthetic activity and yield under high temperature. Furthermore, heat acclimation led to opposing regulations of symbiont catabolic and anabolic pathways and favoured nutrient translocation to the host and thus a functional symbiosis. Notwithstanding, the improved heat tolerance was paralleled by reduced light-enhanced dark respiration, indicating metabolic depression for energy saving. Our findings suggest that adult heat acclimation can rapidly shift thermal tolerance of brooded coral larvae and provide integrated physiological and molecular evidence for this adaptive plasticity, which could increase climate resilience. However, the metabolic depression may be maladaptive for long-term organismal performance, highlighting the importance of curbing carbon emissions to better protect corals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology (SCSIO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch (HKB) of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Yue Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology (SCSIO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch (HKB) of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China
| | - Guoxin Cui
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lin-Tao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology (SCSIO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, SCSIO, Sanya, China.,Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology (SCSIO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, SCSIO, Sanya, China.,Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - You-Fang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology (SCSIO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch (HKB) of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao-Ya Tong
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch (HKB) of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology (SCSIO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, SCSIO, Sanya, China.,Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology (SCSIO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, SCSIO, Sanya, China.,Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Yi-Si Hu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Manuel Aranda
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch (HKB) of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology (SCSIO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, SCSIO, Sanya, China.,Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Godefroid M, Dupont S, Metian M, Hédouin L. Two decades of seawater acidification experiments on tropical scleractinian corals: Overview, meta-analysis and perspectives. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 178:113552. [PMID: 35339865 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification has emerged as a major concern in the last fifteen years and studies on the impacts of seawater acidification on marine organisms have multiplied accordingly. This review aimed at synthesizing the literature on the effects of seawater acidification on tropical scleractinians under laboratory-controlled conditions. We identified 141 articles (published between 1999 and 2021) and separated endpoints into 22 biological categories to identify global trends for mitigation and gaps in knowledge and research priorities for future investigators. The relative number of affected endpoints increased with pH intensity (particularly for endpoints associated to calcification and reproduction). When exposed to pH 7.6-7.8 (compared to higher pH), 49% of endpoints were affected. The diversity in experimental designs prevented deciphering the modulating role of coral life stages, genera or duration of exposure. Finally, important bias in research efforts included most experiments on adult corals (68.5%), in 27 out of 150 (18%) coral ecoregions and exclusively from shallow-waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Godefroid
- PSL Research University: EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Mo'orea, French Polynesia.
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Kristineberg 566, 45178 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden; Radioecology Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Marine Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
| | - Marc Metian
- Radioecology Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Marine Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
| | - Laetitia Hédouin
- PSL Research University: EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Mo'orea, French Polynesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Putnam HM. Avenues of reef-building coral acclimatization in response to rapid environmental change. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/Suppl_1/jeb239319. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.239319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The swiftly changing climate presents a challenge to organismal fitness by creating a mismatch between the current environment and phenotypes adapted to historic conditions. Acclimatory mechanisms may be especially crucial for sessile benthic marine taxa, such as reef-building corals, where climate change factors including ocean acidification and increasing temperature elicit strong negative physiological responses such as bleaching, disease and mortality. Here, within the context of multiple stressors threatening marine organisms, I describe the wealth of metaorganism response mechanisms to rapid ocean change and the ontogenetic shifts in organism interactions with the environment that can generate plasticity. I then highlight the need to consider the interactions of rapid and evolutionary responses in an adaptive (epi)genetic continuum. Building on the definitions of these mechanisms and continuum, I also present how the interplay of the microbiome, epigenetics and parental effects creates additional avenues for rapid acclimatization. To consider under what conditions epigenetic inheritance has a more substantial role, I propose investigation into the offset of timing of gametogenesis leading to different environmental integration times between eggs and sperm and the consequences of this for gamete epigenetic compatibility. Collectively, non-genetic, yet heritable phenotypic plasticity will have significant ecological and evolutionary implications for sessile marine organism persistence under rapid climate change. As such, reef-building corals present ideal and time-sensitive models for further development of our understanding of adaptive feedback loops in a multi-player (epi)genetic continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hollie M. Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Puisay A, Elleaume N, Fouqueau L, Lacube Y, Goiran C, Sidobre C, Metian M, Hédouin L. Parental bleaching susceptibility leads to differences in larval fluorescence and dispersal potential in Pocillopora acuta corals. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105200. [PMID: 33248410 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coral reef ecosystems are declining at an alarming rate. Increasing seawater temperatures and occurrence of extreme warming events can impair sexual reproduction in reef-building corals and inhibit the ability for coral communities to replenish and persist. Here, we investigated the role of photophysiology on the reproductive ecology of Pocillopora acuta coral colonies by focusing on the impacts of bleaching susceptibility of parents on reproduction and larval performance, during an El Niño Southern Oscillation event in Mo'orea, French Polynesia. Elevated temperature conditions at that time induced bleaching phenotypic differences among P. acuta individuals: certain colonies became pale (from the loss of pigments and/or decline in symbiont cell density), while others remained pigmented (normal/high symbiont cell density). More specifically, we studied the impact of parental phenotypes on offspring's fluorescence by counting released larvae and sorting them by fluorescence types, we assessed survival to thermal stress, recruitment success and post-recruitment survival of released larvae from each fluorescent phenotype, during summer months (February to April 2016). Our results showed that red and green fluorescent larvae released by P. acuta had distinct physiological performances: red fluorescent larvae exhibited a higher survival into the pelagic phase regardless temperature conditions, with lower capacity to settle and survive post-recruitment, compared to green larvae that settle within a short period. Interestingly, pale colonies released two-to seven-fold more red fluorescent larvae than pigmented colonies did. In the light of our results, photophysiological profiles of the brooding P. acuta parental colonies may modulate the fluorescence features of released larvae, and thus influence the dispersal strategy of their offspring, the green fluorescent larval phenotypes being more performant in the benthic than pelagic phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Puisay
- PSL Research University, USR 3278 CNRS EPHE UPVD CRIOBE, BP1013, Papetoai, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", B1013, 98,729 Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia
| | - Nicolas Elleaume
- PSL Research University, USR 3278 CNRS EPHE UPVD CRIOBE, BP1013, Papetoai, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", B1013, 98,729 Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia
| | - Louise Fouqueau
- PSL Research University, USR 3278 CNRS EPHE UPVD CRIOBE, BP1013, Papetoai, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", B1013, 98,729 Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia; CNRS, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Roscoff, France
| | - Yann Lacube
- PSL Research University, USR 3278 CNRS EPHE UPVD CRIOBE, BP1013, Papetoai, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", B1013, 98,729 Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia
| | - Claire Goiran
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", B1013, 98,729 Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia; ISEA Institut de Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | - Christine Sidobre
- PSL Research University, USR 3278 CNRS EPHE UPVD CRIOBE, BP1013, Papetoai, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", B1013, 98,729 Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98,000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Laetitia Hédouin
- PSL Research University, USR 3278 CNRS EPHE UPVD CRIOBE, BP1013, Papetoai, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", B1013, 98,729 Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liberman R, Fine M, Benayahu Y. Simulated climate change scenarios impact the reproduction and early life stages of a soft coral. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105215. [PMID: 33360640 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs are threatened worldwide by global climate change, manifested in anthropogenic ocean warming and acidification. Despite the importance of coral sexual reproduction for the continuity of coral reefs, our understanding of the extent of the impact of climate change on coral sexual reproduction, particularly on coral reproductive phenology and early life stages, is limited. Here, we experimentally examined the effects of predicted end-of-the-century seawater conditions on the sexual reproduction and photosynthetic capacity of a Red-Sea zooxanthellate octocoral, Rhytisma fulvum. Sexually mature colonies were exposed to ambient temperature and pH conditions and to Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) conditions (4.5 and 8.5), five weeks prior to their expected surface-brooding event. The reproductive phenology of the colonies under the simulated seawater conditions was compared to that on the natural reef. In addition, subsequent planulae development and their metamorphosis into primary polyps under the same RCP conditions as their parent colonies were monitored in a running seawater system. The results reveal that both RCP conditions led to a change in the timing of onset of the surface-brooding event and its synchronicity. In contrast, the surface-brooding event under ambient conditions co-occurred with that of the in-situ reef colonies and maintained its synchrony. Similarly, planula survival and polyp metamorphosis rate were significantly reduced under both RCP conditions compared to propagules reared under ambient conditions. In addition, the photosynthetic capacity of the parent colonies under both RCPs showed a reduction relative to that under the ambient conditions in the experiment, suggesting a reduction in carbon fixation during the late stages of gametogenesis. While our findings indicate that octocoral reproductive phenology is affected by environmental changes, further work is required in order to elucidate the long-term implications for the R. fulvum population in the northern Red Sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Liberman
- School of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel; The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, 8810302, Israel.
| | - Maoz Fine
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, 8810302, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Yehuda Benayahu
- School of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McRae CJ, Huang WB, Fan TY, Côté IM. Effects of thermal conditioning on the performance of Pocillopora acuta adult coral colonies and their offspring. CORAL REEFS (ONLINE) 2021; 40:1491-1503. [PMID: 34720373 PMCID: PMC8550305 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-021-02123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ocean warming induced by climate change is the greatest threat to the persistence of coral reefs globally. Given the current rate of ocean warming, there may not be sufficient time for natural acclimation or adaptation by corals. This urgency has led to the exploration of active management techniques aimed at enhancing thermal tolerance in corals. Here, we test the capacity for transgenerational acclimation in the reef-building coral Pocillopora acuta as a means of increasing offspring performance in warmer waters. We exposed coral colonies from a reef influenced by intermittent upwelling and constant warm-water effluent from a nuclear power plant to temperatures that matched (26 °C) or exceeded (29.5 °C) season-specific mean temperatures for three reproductive cycles; offspring were allowed to settle and grow at both temperatures. Heated colonies reproduced significantly earlier in the lunar cycle and produced fewer and smaller planulae. Recruitment was lower at the heated recruitment temperature regardless of parent treatment. Recruit survival did not differ based on parent or recruitment temperature. Recruits from heated parents were smaller and had lower maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), a measurement of symbiont photochemical performance. We found no direct evidence that thermal conditioning of adult P. acuta corals improves offspring performance in warmer water; however, chronic exposure of parent colonies to warmer temperatures at the source reef site may have limited transgenerational acclimation capacity. The extent to which coral response to this active management approach might vary across species and sites remains unclear and merits further investigation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00338-021-02123-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal J. McRae
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wen-Bin Huang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yung Fan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Isabelle M. Côté
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Putnam HM, Ritson-Williams R, Cruz JA, Davidson JM, Gates RD. Environmentally-induced parental or developmental conditioning influences coral offspring ecological performance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13664. [PMID: 32788607 PMCID: PMC7423898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistence of reef building corals is threatened by human-induced environmental change. Maintaining coral reefs into the future requires not only the survival of adults, but also the influx of recruits to promote genetic diversity and retain cover following adult mortality. Few studies examine the linkages among multiple life stages of corals, despite a growing knowledge of carryover effects in other systems. We provide a novel test of coral parental conditioning to ocean acidification (OA) and tracking of offspring for 6 months post-release to better understand parental or developmental priming impacts on the processes of offspring recruitment and growth. Coral planulation was tracked for 3 months following adult exposure to high pCO2 and offspring from the second month were reciprocally exposed to ambient and high pCO2 for an additional 6 months. Offspring of parents exposed to high pCO2 had greater settlement and survivorship immediately following release, retained survivorship benefits during 1 and 6 months of continued exposure, and further displayed growth benefits to at least 1 month post release. Enhanced performance of offspring from parents exposed to high conditions was maintained despite the survivorship in both treatments declining in continued exposure to OA. Conditioning of the adults while they brood their larvae, or developmental acclimation of the larvae inside the adult polyps, may provide a form of hormetic conditioning, or environmental priming that elicits stimulatory effects. Defining mechanisms of positive acclimatization, with potential implications for carry over effects, cross-generational plasticity, and multi-generational plasticity, is critical to better understanding ecological and evolutionary dynamics of corals under regimes of increasing environmental disturbance. Considering environmentally-induced parental or developmental legacies in ecological and evolutionary projections may better account for coral reef response to the chronic stress regimes characteristic of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hollie M Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
| | | | - Jolly Ann Cruz
- Micronesia Islands Nature Alliance, Garapan, Saipan, CNMI, 96950, USA
| | - Jennifer M Davidson
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ruth D Gates
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Byrne M, Foo SA, Ross PM, Putnam HM. Limitations of cross- and multigenerational plasticity for marine invertebrates faced with global climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:80-102. [PMID: 31670444 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although cross generation (CGP) and multigenerational (MGP) plasticity have been identified as mechanisms of acclimation to global change, the weight of evidence indicates that parental conditioning over generations is not a panacea to rescue stress sensitivity in offspring. For many species, there were no benefits of parental conditioning. Even when improved performance was observed, this waned over time within a generation or across generations and fitness declined. CGP and MGP studies identified resilient species with stress tolerant genotypes in wild populations and selected family lines. Several bivalves possess favourable stress tolerance and phenotypically plastic traits potentially associated with genetic adaptation to life in habitats where they routinely experience temperature and/or acidification stress. These traits will be important to help 'climate proof' shellfish ventures. Species that are naturally stress tolerant and those that naturally experience a broad range of environmental conditions are good candidates to provide insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in CGP and MGP. It is challenging to conduct ecologically relevant global change experiments over the long times commensurate with the pace of changing climate. As a result, many studies present stressors in a shock-type exposure at rates much faster than projected scenarios. With more gradual stressor introduction over longer experimental durations and in context with conditions species are currently acclimatized and/or adapted to, the outcomes for sensitive species might differ. We highlight the importance to understand primordial germ cell development and the timing of gametogenesis with respect to stressor exposure. Although multigenerational exposure to global change stressors currently appears limited as a universal tool to rescue species in the face of changing climate, natural proxies of future conditions (upwelling zones, CO2 vents, naturally warm habitats) show that phenotypic adjustment and/or beneficial genetic selection is possible for some species, indicating complex plasticity-adaptation interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Byrne
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shawna A Foo
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Pauline M Ross
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hollie M Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bellworthy J, Spangenberg JE, Fine M. Feeding increases the number of offspring but decreases parental investment of Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12245-12258. [PMID: 31832157 PMCID: PMC6854114 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful reproductive output and recruitment is crucial to coral persistence and recovery following anthropogenic stress. Feeding is known to alter coral physiology and increase resilience to bleaching.The goal of the study was to address the knowledge gap of the influence of feeding on reproductive output and offspring phenotype.Colonies of Stylophora pistillata from the Northern Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) were fed an Artemia diet or unfed for 5 months during gametogenesis, fertilization, and brooding. In addition, time to settlement and mortality of planulae were assessed at water temperatures ranging from winter temperature (22°C) to three degrees above average peak summer temperature (31°C). A range of physiological parameters was measured in parents and offspring.In brooding parents, feeding significantly increased protein concentration and more than tripled the number of released planulae. Planulae from unfed colonies had higher chlorophyll per symbiont concentration and concomitantly higher photosynthetic efficiency compared to planulae from fed parents. In settlement assays, planulae showed a similar thermal resistance as known for this Red Sea adult population. Mortality was greater in planulae from unfed parents at ambient and 3°C above ambient temperature despite higher per offspring investment in terms of total fatty acid content. Fatty acid profiles and relative abundances were generally conserved between different fed and unfed colonies but planulae were enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids relative to adults, that is, 16:1, 18:1, 20:1, 22:1, and 24:1 isomers.Ultimately the availability of zooplankton could influence population physiology and recruitment in corals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bellworthy
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in EilatEilatIsrael
| | - Jorge E. Spangenberg
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST)University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Maoz Fine
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in EilatEilatIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schoepf V, Carrion SA, Pfeifer SM, Naugle M, Dugal L, Bruyn J, McCulloch MT. Stress-resistant corals may not acclimatize to ocean warming but maintain heat tolerance under cooler temperatures. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4031. [PMID: 31530800 PMCID: PMC6748961 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally heat-resistant coral populations hold significant potential for facilitating coral reef survival under rapid climate change. However, it remains poorly understood whether they can acclimatize to ocean warming when superimposed on their already thermally-extreme habitats. Furthermore, it is unknown whether they can maintain their heat tolerance upon larval dispersal or translocation to cooler reefs. We test this in a long-term mesocosm experiment using stress-resistant corals from thermally-extreme reefs in NW Australia. We show that these corals have a remarkable ability to maintain their heat tolerance and health despite acclimation to 3-6 °C cooler, more stable temperatures over 9 months. However, they are unable to increase their bleaching thresholds after 6-months acclimation to + 1 °C warming. This apparent rigidity in the thermal thresholds of even stress-resistant corals highlights the increasing vulnerability of corals to ocean warming, but provides a rationale for human-assisted migration to restore cooler, degraded reefs with corals from thermally-extreme reefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schoepf
- Oceans Graduate School and UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Steven A Carrion
- Oceans Graduate School and UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, UK
| | - Svenja M Pfeifer
- Oceans Graduate School and UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melissa Naugle
- Oceans Graduate School and UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Laurence Dugal
- Oceans Graduate School and UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jennifer Bruyn
- Oceans Graduate School and UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Malcolm T McCulloch
- Oceans Graduate School and UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|