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Lee Y, Kim DH, Lee JS, Lee MC, Kim HS, Maszczyk P, Sakakura Y, Yang Z, Hagiwara A, Park HG, Lee JS. Oxidative stress-mediated deleterious effects of hypoxia in the brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116633. [PMID: 38936003 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the acute toxicity, in vivo effects, oxidative stress, and gene expression changes caused by hypoxia on the brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis. The no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of 48 h of hypoxia exposure was found to be 2 mg/L O2. Chronic exposure to NOEC caused a significant decline in lifespan but had no effect on total fecundity. The induction of reactive oxygen species increased in a time-dependent manner over 48 h, whereas the content of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) decreased. The transcription and translation levels were modulated by hypoxia exposure. In particular, a significant increase in hemoglobin level was followed by up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α gene expression and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In conclusion, our findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the adverse effects of hypoxia in brackish water zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Yoshitaka Sakakura
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, 8 Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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2
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Méndez-Narváez J, Warkentin KM. Early onset of urea synthesis and ammonia detoxification pathways in three terrestrially developing frogs. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:523-543. [PMID: 37639061 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Frogs evolved terrestrial development multiple times, necessitating mechanisms to avoid ammonia toxicity at early stages. Urea synthesis from ammonia is a key adaptation that reduces water dependence after metamorphosis. We tested for early expression and plasticity of enzymatic mechanisms of ammonia detoxification in three terrestrial-breeding frogs: foam-nest-dwelling larvae of Leptodactylus fragilis (Lf) and arboreal embryos of Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni (Hf) and Agalychnis callidryas (Ac). Activity of two ornithine-urea cycle (OUC) enzymes, arginase and CPSase, and levels of their products urea and CP in tissues were high in Lf regardless of nest hydration, but reduced in experimental low- vs. high-ammonia environments. High OUC activity in wet and dry nests, comparable to that under experimental high ammonia, suggests terrestrial Lf larvae maintain high capacity for urea excretion regardless of their immediate risk of ammonia toxicity. This may aid survival through unpredictably long waiting periods before rain enables their transition to water. Moderate levels of urea and CP were present in Hf and Ac tissues and enzymatic activities were lower than in Lf. In both species, embryos in drying clutches can hatch and enter the water early, behaviorally avoiding ammonia toxicity. Moreover, glutamine synthetase was active in early stages of all three species, condensing ammonia and glutamate to glutamine as another mechanism of detoxification. Enzyme activity appeared highest in Lf, although substrate and product levels were higher in Ac and Lf. Our results reveal that multiple biochemical mechanisms of ammonia detoxification occur in early life stages of anuran lineages that evolved terrestrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Méndez-Narváez
- Calima, Fundación para la Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Conservación en el Trópico, Cali, Colombia.
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Karen M Warkentin
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Republic of Panama
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3
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Bavis RW, Dirstine T, Lachance AD, Jareno A, Reynoso Williams M. Recovery of the biphasic hypoxic ventilatory response in neonatal rats after chronic hyperoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 307:103973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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4
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Lactobacillus salivarius BGHO1 and Lactobacillus reuteri BGGO6-55 modify nutritive profile of Artemia franciscana nauplii in a strain ratio, dose and application timing-dependent manner. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Leiva FP, Garcés C, Verberk WCEP, Care M, Paschke K, Gebauer P. Differences in the respiratory response to temperature and hypoxia across four life-stages of the intertidal porcelain crab Petrolisthes laevigatus. MARINE BIOLOGY 2018; 165:146. [PMID: 30220736 PMCID: PMC6132507 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-018-3406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
For aquatic breathers, hypoxia and warming can act synergistically causing a mismatch between oxygen supply (reduced by hypoxia) and oxygen demand (increased by warming). The vulnerability of these species to such interactive effects may differ during ontogeny due to differing gas exchange systems. This study examines respiratory responses to temperature and hypoxia across four life-stages of the intertidal porcelain crab Petrolisthes laevigatus. Eggs, megalopae, juveniles and adults were exposed to combinations of temperatures from 6 to 18 °C and oxygen tensions from 2 to 21 kPa. Metabolic rates differed strongly across life-stages which could be partly attributed to differences in body mass. However, eggs exhibited significantly lower metabolic rates than predicted for their body mass. For the other three stages, metabolic rates scaled with a mass exponent of 0.89. Mass scaling exponents were similar across all temperatures, but were significantly influenced by oxygen tension (the highest at 9 and 14 kPa, and the lowest at 2 kPa). Respiratory responses across gradients of oxygen tension were used to calculate the response to hypoxia, whereby eggs, megalopae and juveniles responded as oxyconformers and adults as oxyregulators. The thermal sensitivity of the metabolic rates (Q10) were dependent on the oxygen tension in megalopae, and also on the interaction between oxygen tension and temperature intervals in adults. Our results thus provide evidence on how the oxygen tension can modulate the mass dependence of metabolic rates and demonstrate changes in respiratory control from eggs to adults. In light of our results indicating that adults show a good capacity for maintaining metabolism independent of oxygen tension, our study highlights the importance of assessing responses to multiple stressors across different life-stages to determine how vulnerability to warming and hypoxia changes during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix P. Leiva
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cristóbal Garcés
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Wilco C. E. P. Verberk
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Macarena Care
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Kurt Paschke
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 1327, Puerto Montt, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Paulina Gebauer
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
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6
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Truebano M, Tills O, Collins M, Clarke C, Shipsides E, Wheatley C, Spicer JI. Short-term acclimation in adults does not predict offspring acclimation potential to hypoxia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3174. [PMID: 29453345 PMCID: PMC5816618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hypoxic areas in coastal waters is predicted to increase and lead to reduced biodiversity. While the adult stages of many estuarine invertebrates can cope with short periods of hypoxia, it remains unclear whether that ability is present if animals are bred and reared under chronic hypoxia. We firstly investigated the effect of moderate, short-term environmental hypoxia (40% air saturation for one week) on metabolic performance in adults of an estuarine amphipod, and the fitness consequences of prolonged exposure. We then reared the offspring of hypoxia-exposed parents under hypoxia, and assessed their oxyregulatory ability under declining oxygen tensions as juveniles and adults. Adults from the parental generation were able to acclimate their metabolism to hypoxia after one week, employing mechanisms typically associated with prolonged exposure. Their progeny, however, did not develop the adult pattern of respiratory regulation when reared under chronic hypoxia, but instead exhibited a poorer oxyregulatory ability than their parents. We conclude that species apparently hypoxia-tolerant when tested in short-term experiments, could be physiologically compromised as adults if they develop under hypoxia. Consequently, we propose that the increased prevalence of hypoxia in coastal regions will have marked effects in some species currently considered hypoxia tolerant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Truebano
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Oliver Tills
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Michael Collins
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Charlotte Clarke
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Emma Shipsides
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Charlotte Wheatley
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - John I Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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7
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Temperature effects on life history traits of two sympatric branchiopods from an ephemeral wetland. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179449. [PMID: 28654929 PMCID: PMC5487261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature effects on organisms are of multiple scientific interests, such as for their life history performance and for the study of evolutionary strategies. We have cultured two sympatric branchiopod species from an ephemeral pond in northern Taiwan, Branchinella kugenumaensis and Eulimnadia braueriana, and compared their hatching rate, maturation time, sex ratio, growth of body length, survivorship, clutch size, net reproductive rate R0, generation time TG, and intrinsic rate of natural increase r in relation to temperature (15, 20, 25 and 30°C). We found that E. braueriana had a significantly higher temperature-dependent fecundity and intrinsic population growth pattern (R0 and r). In contrast, B. kugenumaensis reproduced much slower than E. braueriana with much lower R0 (90–100 folds less) and r (about 10 folds less) at 15, 20 and 25°C and with a double as long TG at 20 and 25°C. In addition, E. braueriana increased its chance of hermaphroditic sexual reproductive mode at higher temperature because of a significantly delayed maturation of males from hermaphrodites. In contrast, B. kugenumaensis showed no significant change in reproductive mode with temperature. This is the first study indicating a significant differentiation in life history parameters of two sympatric branchiopods mediated by temperature.
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8
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Nougué O, Svendsen N, Jabbour-Zahab R, Lenormand T, Chevin LM. The ontogeny of tolerance curves: habitat quality vs. acclimation in a stressful environment. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1625-1635. [PMID: 27392281 PMCID: PMC5959000 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stressful environments affect life-history components of fitness through (i) instantaneous detrimental effects, (ii) historical (carry-over) effects and (iii) history-by-environment interactions, including acclimation effects. The relative contributions of these different responses to environmental stress are likely to change along life, but such ontogenic perspective is often overlooked in studies of tolerance curves, precluding a better understanding of the causes of costs of acclimation, and more generally of fitness in temporally fine-grained environments. We performed an experiment in the brine shrimp Artemia to disentangle these different contributions to environmental tolerance, and investigate how they unfold along life. We placed individuals from three clones of A. parthenogenetica over a range of salinities during a week, before transferring them to a (possibly) different salinity for the rest of their lives. We monitored individual survival at repeated intervals throughout life, instead of measuring survival or performance at a given point in time, as commonly done in acclimation experiments. We then designed a modified survival analysis model to estimate phase-specific hazard rates, accounting for the fact that individuals may share the same treatment for only part of their lives. Our approach allowed us to distinguish effects of salinity on (i) instantaneous mortality in each phase (habitat quality effects), (ii) mortality later in life (history effects) and (iii) their interaction. We showed clear effects of early salinity on late survival and interactions between effects of past and current environments on survival. Importantly, analysis of the ontogenetic dynamics of the tolerance curve reveals that acclimation affects different parts of the curve at different ages. Adopting a dynamical view of the ontogeny of tolerance curve should prove useful for understanding niche limits in temporally changing environments, where the full sequence of environments experienced by an individual determines its overall environmental tolerance, and how it changes throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odrade Nougué
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Nils Svendsen
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Roula Jabbour-Zahab
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas Lenormand
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Luis-Miguel Chevin
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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9
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Funch P, Wang T, Pertoldi C, Middelbo AB. Low Oxygen Levels Slow Embryonic Development of Limulus polyphemus. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2016; 231:113-119. [PMID: 27820903 DOI: 10.1086/690091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus typically spawns in the upper intertidal zone, where the developing embryos are exposed to large variations in abiotic factors such as temperature, humidity, salinity, and oxygen, which affect the rate of development. It has been shown that embryonic development is slowed at both high and low salinities and temperatures, and that late embryos close to hatching tolerate periodic hypoxia. In this study we investigated the influence of hypoxia on both early and late embryonic development in L. polyphemus under controlled laboratory conditions. Embryos were exposed to four different oxygen levels and their developmental stage was scored every second day. Embryos developed more slowly at both 5% O2 and 10% O2 than at the 21% O2 treatment; late development was arrested when oxygen was reduced to 2%. Our study confims that L. polyphemus not only tolerates pronounced hypoxia in later embryonic developmental stages, but also in earlier, previously unexplored, developmental stages.
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10
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Rundle SD, Spicer JI. Heterokairy: a significant form of developmental plasticity? Biol Lett 2016; 12:20160509. [PMID: 27624796 PMCID: PMC5046929 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a current surge of research interest in the potential role of developmental plasticity in adaptation and evolution. Here we make a case that some of this research effort should explore the adaptive significance of heterokairy, a specific type of plasticity that describes environmentally driven, altered timing of development within a species. This emphasis seems warranted given the pervasive occurrence of heterochrony, altered developmental timing between species, in evolution. We briefly review studies investigating heterochrony within an adaptive context across animal taxa, including examples that explore links between heterokairy and heterochrony. We then outline how sequence heterokairy could be included within the research agenda for developmental plasticity. We suggest that the study of heterokairy may be particularly pertinent in (i) determining the importance of non-adaptive plasticity, and (ii) embedding concepts from comparative embryology such as developmental modularity and disassociation within a developmental plasticity framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Rundle
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - J I Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
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11
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Rudin-Bitterli TS, Spicer JI, Rundle SD. Differences in the timing of cardio-respiratory development determine whether marine gastropod embryos survive or die in hypoxia. J Exp Biol 2016; 219:1076-85. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.134411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Physiological plasticity of early developmental stages is a key way by which organisms can survive and adapt to environmental change. We investigated developmental plasticity of aspects of the cardio-respiratory physiology of encapsulated embryos of a marine, gastropod Littorina obtusata surviving exposure to moderate hypoxia (pO2=8 kPa) and compared the development of these survivors with that of individuals that died before hatching. Individuals surviving hypoxia exhibited a slower rate of development and altered ontogeny of cardio-respiratory structure and function compared with normoxic controls (pO2>20 kPa). The onset and development of the larval and adult hearts were delayed in chronological time in hypoxia, but both organs appeared earlier in developmental time and cardiac activity rates were greater. The velum, a transient, ‘larval’ organ thought to play a role in gas exchange, was larger in hypoxia but developed more slowly (in chronological time), and velar cilia-driven, rotational activity was lower. Despite these effects of hypoxia, 38% of individuals survived to hatching. Compared with those embryos that died during development, these surviving embryos had advanced expression of adult structures, i.e. a significantly earlier occurrence and greater activity of their adult heart and larger shells. In contrast, embryos that died retained larval cardio-respiratory features (the velum and larval heart) for longer in chronological time. Surviving embryos came from eggs with significantly higher albumen provisioning than those that died, suggesting an energetic component for advanced development of adult traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. S. Rudin-Bitterli
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - J. I. Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - S. D. Rundle
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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12
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Harrison JF. Handling and Use of Oxygen by Pancrustaceans: Conserved Patterns and the Evolution of Respiratory Structures. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:802-15. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Blank T, Burggren W. Hypoxia-induced developmental plasticity of the gills and air-breathing organ of Trichopodus trichopterus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 84:808-826. [PMID: 24502819 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The air-breathing blue gourami Trichopodus trichopterus, an anabantid with a suprabranchial labyrinth organ, was used to study morphological development of respiratory systems in response to chronic hypoxia (13% O₂, combined aquatic and aerial hypoxia). Overall growth (fork length, wet mass and cutaneous surface area) of T. trichopterus did not differ between control fish and those reared in hypoxia. Both lamellar and labyrinth surface areas of the hypoxic larvae, however, increased more rapidly than controls, producing c. 16% larger lamellar and 30% larger labyrinth mass-specific surface areas within the first 120 days of development. This is the first study to show developmental respiratory plasticity of a bimodally respiring fish. It reveals that chronic hypoxia stimulates development of the gills and air-breathing organ, and that labyrinth growth is even more sensitive to hypoxia than branchial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Blank
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Cluster, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203-5017, U.S.A
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14
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Thonig A, Oellermann M, Lieb B, Mark FC. A new haemocyanin in cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) eggs: sequence analysis and relevance during ontogeny. EvoDevo 2014; 5:6. [PMID: 24499521 PMCID: PMC3945787 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-5-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Haemocyanin is the respiratory protein of most of the Mollusca. In cephalopods and gastropods at least two distinct isoforms are differentially expressed. However, their physiological purpose is unknown. For the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, three isoforms are known so far, whereas for only two of them the complete mRNA sequences are available. In this study, we sequenced the complete mRNA of the third haemocyanin isoform and measured the relative expression of all three isoforms during embryogenesis to reveal a potential ontogenetic relevance. Results The cDNA of isoform 3 clearly correlates to the known Sepia officinalis haemocyanin subunits consisting of eight functional units and an internal duplicated functional unit d. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal the third isoform representing a potentially ancestral haemocyanin isoform, and the analyses of the expression of haemocyanin type 3 reveal that haemocyanin type 3 only can be observed within eggs and during early development. Isoforms 1 and 2 are absent at these stages. After hatching, isoform 3 is downregulated, and isoform 1 and 2 are upregulated. Conclusions Our study clearly shows an embryonic relevance of the third isoform, which will be further discussed in the light of the changes in the physiological function of haemocyanin during ontogeny. Taken together with the fact that it could also be the isoform closest related to the common ancestor of cuttlefish haemocyanin, the phylogeny of cuttlefish haemocyanin may be recapitulated during its ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Felix Christopher Mark
- Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
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15
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Bitterli TS, Rundle SD, Spicer JI. Development of cardiovascular function in the marine gastropod Littorina obtusata (Linnaeus). J Exp Biol 2012; 215:2327-33. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.067967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The molluscan cardiovascular system typically incorporates a transient extracardiac structure, the larval heart, early in development, but the functional importance of this structure is unclear. We documented the ontogeny and regulatory ability of the larval heart in relation to two other circulatory structures, the true heart and the velum, in the intertidal gastropod Littorina obtusata. There was a mismatch between the appearance of the larval heart and the velum. Velar lobes appeared early in development (day 4), but the larval heart did not begin beating until day 13. The beating of the larval heart reached a maximum on day 17 and then decreased until the structure itself disappeared (day 24). The true heart began to beat on day 17. Its rate of beating increased as that of the larval heart decreased, possibly suggesting a gradual shift from a larval heart-driven to a true heart-driven circulation. The true heart was not sensitive to acutely declining PO2 shortly after it began to beat, but increased in activity in response to acutely declining PO2 by day 21. Larval heart responses were similar to those of the true heart, with early insensitivity to declining PO2 (day 13) followed by a response by day 15. Increased velum-driven rotational activity under acutely declining PO2 was greatest in early developmental stages. Together, these findings point to cardiovascular function in L. obtusata larvae being the result of a complex interaction between velum, larval and true heart activities, with the functions of the three structures coinciding but their relative importance changing throughout larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha S. Bitterli
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Simon D. Rundle
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - John I. Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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16
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Bozinovic F, Calosi P, Spicer JI. Physiological Correlates of Geographic Range in Animals. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2011. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Bozinovic
- Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global, and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, CP 6513677, Chile;
| | - Piero Calosi
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Center, School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon PL3 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - John I. Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Center, School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon PL3 8AA, United Kingdom
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Spicer JI, Rundle SD, Tills O. Studying the altered timing of physiological events during development: It's about time…or is it? Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 178:3-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Burggren WW, Reyna KS. Developmental trajectories, critical windows and phenotypic alteration during cardio-respiratory development. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 178:13-21. [PMID: 21596160 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryo-environment interactions affecting cardio-respiratory development in vertebrates have been extensively studied, but an equally extensive conceptual framework for interpreting and interrelating these developmental events has lagged behind. In this review, we consider the conceptual constructs of "developmental plasticity", "critical windows", "developmental trajectory" and related concepts as they apply to both vertebrate and invertebrate development. Developmental plasticity and the related phenomenon of "heterokairy" are considered as a subset of phenotypic plasticity, and examples of cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic plasticity illustrate the variable outcomes of embryo-environment interactions. The concept of the critical window is revealed to be overarching in cardio-respiratory development, and events originating within a critical window, potentially mitigated by "self-repair" capabilities of the embryo, are shown to result in modified developmental trajectories and, ultimately, modified adult phenotype. Finally, epigenetics, fetal programming and related phenomena are considered in the context of potentially life-long cardio-respiratory phenotypic modification resulting from embryo-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Cluster, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
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19
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Reardon E, Chapman L. Hypoxia and energetics of mouth brooding: Is parental care a costly affair? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 156:400-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Spicer JI, Rundle SD. Plasticity in the timing of physiological development: Physiological heterokairy — What is it, how frequent is it, and does it matter? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 148:712-9. [PMID: 17632024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study of developmental sequences of physiological traits could be an important way of placing comparative developmental physiology (CDP) within the research agenda being forged by work on developmental plasticity. Here we focus on the concept of heterokairy defined by Spicer & Burggren in 2003 as changes in the timing of physiological development in an individual. The role of this concept in the future of the CDP is discussed. First we provide an historical perspective of the ideas that have led to the investigation of sequences in CDP. This is followed by a re-examination and clarification of the definition of physiological heterokairy before empirical case studies that (explicitly or implicitly) demonstrate physiological heterokairy are reviewed. We suggest that physiological heterokairy can be demonstrated through a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate examples. However, care must be taken when inferring that heterokairy as a pattern is always the result of heterokairic processes as there is evidence that physiological heterokairy could result from the altered timing of both homologous or analogous physiological mechanisms. We conclude by discussing the potential link between heterokairy and heterochrony and suggest that the investigation of this link should be a major goal for workers in both CDP and developmental plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John I Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology and Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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21
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ERIKSSON SP, NABBING M, SJÖMAN E. Is brood care in Nephrops norvegicus during hypoxia adaptive or a waste of energy? Funct Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Dzialowski EM, Turner PK, Brooks BW. Physiological and reproductive effects of beta adrenergic receptor antagonists in Daphnia magna. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2006; 50:503-10. [PMID: 16583257 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-005-0121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Accepted: 08/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although pharmaceuticals are increasingly found in surface waters, environmental levels of many of these compounds are not acutely toxic to model test organisms. Prior to conducting appropriate ecological risk assessments of pharmaceuticals, the mode of action-based biomarkers needs to be developed for non-target species. To evaluate toxicity of the beta-adrenergic blockers propranolol and metoprolol on non-target biota, we assessed standard ecotoxicological endpoints after 9 days of subchronic exposure in a transgenerational study with Daphnia magna. On day 9 of exposure, the lowest observed effects concentration (LOEC) for growth were 0.44 mg L(-1) for propranolol and 12 mg L(-1) for metoprolol. Total fecundity LOECs for the 9-day exposure were 0.11 mg L(-1) and 6 mg L(-1) for propranolol and metoprolol, respectively. In addition to typical ecotoxicological endpoints, we evaluated the utility of employing the physiological biomarkers of heart rate and metabolic rate following subchronic and acute exposures to propranolol and metoprolol. Propranolol and metoprolol LOECs for heart rate were 0.055 mg L(-1) and 3.1 mg L(-1), significantly lower than the LOECs for growth and reproduction. At these concentrations, heart rate was significantly lower than the control values for both compounds. Daphnia magna endpoint sensitivity to chronic propranolol and metoprolol exposure was mortality < growth < fecundity < heart rate. Second generation D. magna were less sensitive to both compounds. Responses of the physiological biomarkers heart rate and metabolic activity suggest that propranolol and metoprolol exerts sublethal toxicity to D. magna at lower concentrations than observed in the classical endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Dzialowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, 76203, USA.
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Bagatto B. Ontogeny of cardiovascular control in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Effects of developmental environment. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2005; 141:391-400. [PMID: 16085439 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Revised: 06/26/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this symposium paper was to identify and quantify developmental plasticity in the onset of cardiovascular responses in the zebrafish. Developmental plasticity was induced by altering the developmental environment in one of three ways: (1) by developing zebrafish in a constant current of 5 body lengths per second, (2) by developing zebrafish at a colder temperature (20 degrees C), and (3) by developing zebrafish in severe hypoxia (DO=0.8 mg/L). Early morphological development was significantly affected by each of the treatment environments with hypoxia slowing development the most and producing the highest variation in measurements. Development in constant water current did not significantly affect the timing onset of cardiovascular responses to the pharmacological agents applied. Development at 20 degrees C significantly delayed the onset of all cardiovascular responses measured by 2-3 days. Development in hypoxia, however, not only delayed onset of all cardiovascular responses, but also shifted the onset relative to the developmental program. Hypoxia clearly has a profound affect on the onset of cardiovascular regulation and it will take many more studies to elucidate the mechanisms by which hypoxia is having its effect. Furthermore, long term studies are also needed to assess whether the plasticity measured in this study is adaptive in the evolutionary sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bagatto
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3908, USA.
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Abstract
Comparative developmental physiology spans genomics to physiological ecology and evolution. Although not a new discipline, comparative developmental physiology's position at the convergence of development, physiology and evolution gives it prominent new significance. The contributions of this discipline may be particularly influential as physiologists expand beyond genomics to a true systems synthesis, integrating molecular through organ function in multiple organ systems. This review considers how developing physiological systems are directed by genes yet respond to environment and how these characteristics both constrain and enable evolution of physiological characters. Experimental approaches and methodologies of comparative developmental physiology include studying event sequences (heterochrony and heterokairy), describing the onset and progression of physiological regulation, exploiting scaling, expanding the list of animal models, using genetic engineering, and capitalizing on new miniaturized technologies for physiological investigation down to the embryonic level. A synthesis of these approaches is likely to generate a more complete understanding of how physiological systems and, indeed, whole animals develop and how populations evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Burggren
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA.
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Spicer JI, Burggren WW. Development of physiological regulatory systems: altering the timing of crucial events. ZOOLOGY 2003; 106:91-9. [PMID: 16351894 DOI: 10.1078/0944-2006-00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2002] [Revised: 12/06/2002] [Accepted: 12/11/2002] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is currently tremendous interest in how the physiology of individual animals changes and develops during ontogeny. One of the key areas is the extent to which the timing and/or rate of physiological development is fixed within an individual and to what extent can it be altered. We propose that plasticity in the timing of the onset of a particular physiological regulatory system during an individuals development be referred to as physiological heterokairy (to clearly distinguish this phenomenon from physiological heterochrony, which is an evolutionary pattern), and we marshal evidence for three different patterns of heterokairy: 1. altering relative position in the physiological itinerary; 2. altering overall rate of development per se and; 3. a combination of 1 and 2. Using these patterns as a starting point, we develop a framework for investigating physiological heterokairy which takes cognizance of the facts that multiple components of each regulatory system could appear at different times and multiple regulatory systems could come 'on-line' at different times. We finish by placing physiological heterokairy in the wider context of its ecological and evolutionary implications and its relationship to physiological genomics and heterochrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- John I Spicer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
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Vandenberg CJ, Matthews CM, Trotman CNA. Variant subunit specificity in the quaternary structure of Artemia hemoglobin. Mol Biol Evol 2002; 19:1288-91. [PMID: 12140240 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The brine shrimp Artemia has three extracellular hemoglobins (Hbs) that are developmentally expressed and exhibit distinct oxygen-binding characteristics (Heip, Moens, and Kondo 1978; Heip et al. 1978 ). These Hbs are composed of two polymers, each of which comprises nine covalently linked globin domains. Although the cDNA sequences of two nine-domain globins from Artemia have been published, there is evidence for the existence of further expressed globin genes (Manning, Trotman, and Tate 1990 ). In the present study extensive analysis at the cDNA and genomic levels was performed in order to determine the globin gene copy number in Artemia. Sequence and Southern analysis suggest that four Hb polymers (T1, T2, C1, and C2) are expressed in Artemia. In addition, there is also at least one globin pseudogene. Protein sequencing of the native Hbs revealed that there are limitations on which two polymers can associate. The composition of the Hbs has been determined to be: Hb I, C1C2; Hb II, C1T2; and Hb III, T1T2. These pairings allow the levels of the three Artemia Hbs to be regulated independently by polymer expression alone, therefore explaining the previously inconsistent developmental and hypoxia-induced expression patterns.
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