Dynamic relationship between noseleaf and pinnae in echolocating hipposiderid bats

Variability in the rigid pinna motions of hipposiderid bats and their impact on sensory information encoding

Many bat species, e.g., in the rhinolophid and hipposiderid families, have dynamic biosonar systems with highly mobile pinnae. Pinna motion patterns have been shown to fall into two distinct categories: rigid rotations and non-rigid motions (i.e., deformations). In the present work, two questions regarding the rigid rotations have been investigated: (i) what is the nature of the variability (e.g., discrete subgroups or continuous variation) within the rigid motions, (ii) what is its acoustic impact? To investigate the first question, rigid pinna motions in Pratt's leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros pratti) have been tracked with stereo vision and a dense set of landmark points on the pinna surface. Axis-angle representations of the recorded rigid motions have shown a continuous variation in the rotation axes that covered a range of almost 180° in azimuth and elevation. To investigate the second question, the observed range of rigid pinna motions has been reproduced with a biomimetic pinna. Normalized mutual information between acoustic inputs associated with every pair of the rigid pinna motions showed that even small changes in the rotation axis resulted in more than 50% new sensory information encoding capacity (i.e., normalized mutual information less than 50%). This demonstrates a potential sensory benefit to the observed variability in the rigid pinna rotations.