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Spanke T, Gabelaia M, Flury JM, Hilgers L, Wantania LL, Misof B, Wipfler B, Wowor D, Mokodongan DF, Herder F, Schwarzer J. A landmark-free analysis of the pelvic girdle in Sulawesi ricefishes (Adrianichthyidae): How 2D and 3D geometric morphometrics can complement each other in the analysis of a complex structure. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10613. [PMID: 37859830 PMCID: PMC10582673 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Geometric morphometrics (GM) enable the quantification of morphological variation on various scales. Recent technical advances allow analyzing complex three-dimensional shapes also in cases where landmark-based approaches are not appropriate. Pelvic girdle bones (basipterygia) of Sulawesi ricefishes are 3D structures that challenge traditional morphometrics. We hypothesize that the pelvic girdle of ricefishes experienced sex-biased selection pressures in species where females provide brood care by carrying fertilized eggs supported by elongated pelvic fins ("pelvic brooding"). We test this by comparing pelvic bone shapes of both sexes in species exhibiting pelvic brooding and the more common reproductive strategy "transfer brooding," by using landmark-free 2D and 3D GM, as well as qualitative shape descriptions. Both landmark-free approaches revealed significant interspecific pelvic bone variation in the lateral process, medial facing side of the pelvic bone, and overall external and internal wing shape. Within pelvic brooders, the three analyzed species are clearly distinct, while pelvic bones of the genus Adrianichthys are more similar to transfer brooding Oryzias. Female pelvic brooding Oryzias exhibit prominent, medially pointing tips extending from the internal wing and basipterygial plate that are reduced or absent in conspecific males, Adrianichthys and transfer brooding Oryzias, supporting our hypothesis that selection pressures affecting pelvic girdle shape are sex-biased in Sulawesi ricefishes. Furthermore, both sexes of pelvic brooding Oryzias have overall larger pelvic bones than other investigated ricefishes. Based on these differences, we characterized two reproductive strategy- and sex-dependent pelvic girdle types for Sulawesi ricefishes. Morphological differences between the investigated pelvic brooding genera Adrianichthys and Oryzias provide additional evidence for two independent origins of pelvic brooding. Overall, our findings add to a better understanding on traits related to pelvic brooding in ricefishes and provide a basis for upcoming studies on pelvic girdle function and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Spanke
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB)Museum Koenig BonnBonnGermany
| | - Mariam Gabelaia
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB)Museum Koenig BonnBonnGermany
| | - Jana M. Flury
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB)Museum Koenig BonnBonnGermany
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Leon Hilgers
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB)Museum Koenig BonnBonnGermany
- LOEWE‐Zentrum für Translationale BiodiversitätsgenomikFrankfurtGermany
| | - Letha Louisiana Wantania
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB)Museum Koenig BonnBonnGermany
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine ScienceSam Ratulangi UniversityManadoIndonesia
| | - Bernhard Misof
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB)Museum Koenig BonnBonnGermany
| | - Benjamin Wipfler
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB)Museum Koenig BonnBonnGermany
| | - Daisy Wowor
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and EvolutionNational Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)CibinongIndonesia
| | - Daniel F. Mokodongan
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and EvolutionNational Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)CibinongIndonesia
| | - Fabian Herder
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB)Museum Koenig BonnBonnGermany
| | - Julia Schwarzer
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB)Museum Koenig BonnBonnGermany
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Schuster S. The archerfish predictive C-start. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2023; 209:827-837. [PMID: 37481772 PMCID: PMC10465633 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-023-01658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
A very quick decision enables hunting archerfish to secure downed prey even when they are heavily outnumbered by competing other surface-feeding fish. Based exclusively on information that is taken briefly after the onset of prey motion, the fish select a rapid C-start that turns them right towards the later point of catch. Moreover, the C-start, and not later fin strokes, already lends the fish the speed needed to arrive at just the right time. The archerfish predictive C-starts are kinematically not distinguishable from escape C-starts made by the same individual and are among the fastest C-starts known in teleost fish. The start decisions allow the fish-for ballistically falling prey-to respond accurately to any combination of the initial variables of prey movement and for any position and orientation of the responding fish. The start decisions do not show a speed-accuracy tradeoff and their accuracy is buffered against substantial changes of environmental parameters. Here, I introduce key aspects of this high-speed decision that combines speed, complexity, and precision in an unusual way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schuster
- Lehrstuhl für Tierphysiologie , University of Bayreuth , 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Jones NAR, Klump BC, Abaurrea TM, Harrower S, Marr C, Scott L, Rendell L, Webster MM. Short-range hunters: exploring the function and constraints of water shooting in dwarf gouramis. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:273833. [PMID: 34854924 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ballistic predation is a rare foraging adaptation: in fishes, most attention has focused on a single genus, the archerfish, known to manipulate water to shoot down prey above the water surface. However, several gourami species also exhibit apparently similar 'shooting' behaviour, spitting water up to 5 cm above the surface. In a series of experiments, we explored the shooting behaviour and aspects of its significance as a foraging ability in the dwarf gourami (Trichogaster lalius). We investigated sex differences in shooting abilities to determine whether gourami shooting is related to the sex-specific bubble nest manufacture where males mix air and water at the surface to form bubbles. We found that, actually, both sexes were equally able to shoot and could learn to shoot a novel target. In a second experiment, we presented untrained gouramis with opportunities to shoot at live prey and found they successfully shot down both fruit flies and crickets. Finally, we explored the effect of target height on shooting performance to establish potential constraints of shooting as a foraging ability. The frequency of attempted shots and success of hitting targets decreased with height, whereas latency to shoot increased. We also observed that repeatable individual differences account for variation in these measures of shooting performance. Together, our results provide evidence that gourami shooting has a foraging function analogous to that of archerfish. Gourami shooting may serve as an example of convergent evolution and provide opportunities for comparative studies into the, as yet unexplored, ecology and evolution of shooting in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick A R Jones
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Barbara C Klump
- Cognitive and Cultural Ecology Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany
| | - Teresa M Abaurrea
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophie Harrower
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK.,School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Clare Marr
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Louise Scott
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Luke Rendell
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Mike M Webster
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
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Knight K. Sharpshooting archerfish brake to overcome recoil. J Exp Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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