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Chrószcz-Porębska MW, Barszczewska-Rybarek IM, Chladek G. Physicochemical Properties of Novel Copolymers of Quaternary Ammonium UDMA Analogues, Bis-GMA, and TEGDMA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1400. [PMID: 36674915 PMCID: PMC9865015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the physicochemical properties of copolymers comprising 40 wt.% bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA), 40 wt.% quaternary ammonium urethane-dimethacrylate analogues (QAUDMA-m, where m corresponds to the number of carbon atoms in the N-alkyl substituent), and 20 wt.% triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) copolymers (BG:QAm:TEGs). The BG:QAm:TEG liquid monomer compositions and reference compositions (40 wt.% Bis-GMA, 40 wt.% urethane-dimethacrylate (UDMA), 20 wt.% TEGDMA (BG:UD:TEG) and 60 wt.% Bis-GMA, 40 wt.% TEGDMA (BG:TEG)) were characterized in terms of their refractive index (RI) and monomer glass transition temperature (Tgm) and then photocured. The resulting copolymers were characterized in terms of the polymer glass transition temperature (Tgp), experimental polymerization shrinkage (Se), water contact angle (WCA), water sorption (WS), and water solubility (SL). The prepared BG:QAm:TEG liquid monomer compositions had RI in the range 1.4997-1.5129, and Tgm in the range -52.22 to -42.12 °C. The BG:QAm:TEG copolymers had Tgp ranging from 42.21 to 50.81 °C, Se ranging from 5.08 to 6.40%, WCA ranging from 81.41 to 99.53°, WS ranging from 25.94 to 68.27 µg/mm3, and SL ranging from 5.15 to 5.58 µg/mm3. Almost all of the developed BG:QAm:TEGs fulfilled the requirements for dental materials (except BG:QA8:TEG and BG:QA10:TEG, whose WS values exceeded the 40 µg/mm3 limit).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta W. Chrószcz-Porębska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Izabela M. Barszczewska-Rybarek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Chladek
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Hoxha A, Gillam DG, Agha A, Karpukhina N, Bushby AJ, Patel MP. Novel fluoride rechargeable dental composites containing MgAl and CaAl layered double hydroxide (LDH). Dent Mater 2020; 36:973-986. [PMID: 32536588 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to incorporate 2:1 MgAl and 2:1 CaAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in experimental dental-composites to render them fluoride rechargeable. The effect of LDH on fluoride absorption and release, and their physico-mechanical properties are investigated. METHODS 2:1 CaAl and 2:1 MgAl LDH-composite discs prepared with 0, 10 and 30wt% LDH were charged with fluoride (48h) and transferred to deionized water (DW)/artificial saliva (AS). Fluoride release/re-release was measured every 24h (ion-selective electrodes) with DW/AS replaced daily, and samples re-charged (5min) with fluoride every 2 days. Five absorption-release cycles were conducted over 10 days. CaAl and MgAl LDH rod-shaped specimens (dry and hydrated; 0, 10 and 30wt%) were studied for flexural strength and modulus. CaAl and MgAl LDH-composite discs (0, 10, 30 and 45wt% LDH) were prepared to study water uptake (over 7 weeks), water desorption (3 weeks), diffusion coefficients, solubility and cation release (ICP-OES). RESULTS CaAl LDH and MgAl LDH-composites significantly increased the amount of fluoride released in both media (P<0.05). In AS, the mean release after every recharge was greater for MgAl LDH-composites compared to CaAl LDH-composites (P<0.05). After every recharge, the fluoride release was greater than the previous release cycle (P<0.05) for all LDH-composites. Physico-mechanical properties of the LDH-composites demonstrated similar values to those reported in literature. The solubility and cation release showed a linear increase with LDH loading. SIGNIFICANCE LDH-composites repeatedly absorbed/released fluoride and maintained desired physico-mechanical properties. A sustained low-level fluoride release with LDH-composites could lead to a potential breakthrough in preventing early stage carious-lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agron Hoxha
- Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - David G Gillam
- Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Amani Agha
- Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Natalia Karpukhina
- Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Andy J Bushby
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Mangala P Patel
- Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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Gallo M, Abouelleil H, Chenal JM, Adrien J, Lachambre J, Colon P, Maire E. Polymerization shrinkage of resin-based composites for dental restorations: A digital volume correlation study. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1654-1664. [PMID: 31554599 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resin-based composites are widely used in dental restorations; however, their volumetric shrinkage during polymerization leads to several issues that reduce the restoration survival rates. For overcoming this problem, a deep study of shrinkage phenomena is necessary. METHODS In this study, micro-tomography (μ-CT) is combined with digital volume correlation (DVC) to investigate the effect of several factors on the polymerization strain of dental composites in model cavities: the presence/absence of an adhesive, the use of transparent/blackened cavities, and irradiation times between 1 and 40s. RESULTS The results indicate that the presence of an adhesive at the interface between the cavity and composite does not reduce the total strain but instead limits it to a preferential direction. In addition, regardless of the conditions, the main strain is generated along the axis parallel to the polymerization irradiation (the vertical axis). Finally, the total strain appears to occur in the first 5s of irradiation, with no further evolution observed for longer irradiation times. SIGNIFICANCE This work provides new insight into resin-based composite shrinkage and demonstrates the benefit of coupling DVC and μ-CT to better understand the degradation mechanisms of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gallo
- University of Lyon, INSA de Lyon, MATEIS UMR CNRS 5510, Bât. Saint Exupery, 23 Av. Jean Capelle, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hazem Abouelleil
- Laboratoire des Multimateriaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean Marc Chenal
- University of Lyon, INSA de Lyon, MATEIS UMR CNRS 5510, Bât. Saint Exupery, 23 Av. Jean Capelle, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérôme Adrien
- University of Lyon, INSA de Lyon, MATEIS UMR CNRS 5510, Bât. Saint Exupery, 23 Av. Jean Capelle, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Joël Lachambre
- University of Lyon, INSA de Lyon, MATEIS UMR CNRS 5510, Bât. Saint Exupery, 23 Av. Jean Capelle, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Colon
- Laboratoire des Multimateriaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; UFR d'odontologie, Université Paris Diderot, APHP, Hôpital Rothschild, Service d'odontologie, Paris, France
| | - Eric Maire
- University of Lyon, INSA de Lyon, MATEIS UMR CNRS 5510, Bât. Saint Exupery, 23 Av. Jean Capelle, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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Derchi G, Vano M, Ceseracciu L, Diaspro A, Salerno M. Stiffness effect of using polywave or monowave LED units for photo-curing different bulk fill composites. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:709-716. [PMID: 30047507 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated three bulk fill composites (Mat1, Mat2, Mat3) cured by two polywave (Poly1, Poly2) and one monowave (Mono) lamps. We used infrared spectroscopy, nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy to assess degree of conversion (DC), stiffness, and roughness after polishing, respectively. Mat2 exhibited the highest DC with Poly1 and second highest with Mono, however was the less stiff. Both Mat1 and Mat3 showed highest DC with Poly2, while Poly1 scored better than Mono. Mat3 scored better than Mat1 and was the third highest when cured with Poly2. For each composite cured by different lamps the stiffness ranked same as the DC. However, roughness did not correlate with hardness. Absolute stiffness value depends on composite formulation. Polywave lamps work better than monowave but not in all cases, as Mat2 showed higher DC with Mono than with Poly2. However, all lamps guarantee a DC≥50% but Mono for Mat1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Derchi
- Istituto Stomatologico Toscano, Centro Odontoiatrico Fortis della Casa di Cura San Camillo.,University of Pisa, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area
| | - Michele Vano
- University of Pisa, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area
| | | | | | - Marco Salerno
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Materials Characterization Facility
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Luo D, Shahid S, Sukhorukov GB, Cattell MJ. Synthesis of novel chlorhexidine spheres with controlled release from a UDMA–HEMA resin using ultrasound. Dent Mater 2017; 33:713-722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Aregawi WA, Fok ASL. 1/(2+R c): A simple predictive formula for laboratory shrinkage-stress measurement. Dent Mater 2017; 33:536-542. [PMID: 28377042 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper presents and verifies a simple predictive formula for laboratory shrinkage-stress measurement in dental composites that can account for the combined effect of material properties, sample geometry and instrument compliance. METHODS A mathematical model for laboratory shrinkage-stress measurement that includes the composite's elastic modulus, shrinkage strain, and their interaction with the sample's dimensions and the instrument's compliance has previously been developed. The model contains a dimensionless parameter, Rc, which represents the compliance of the instrument relative to that of the cured composite sample. A simplified formula, 1/(2+Rc), is proposed here for the normalized shrinkage stress to approximate the original model. The accuracy of the simplified formula is examined by comparing its shrinkage-stress predictions with those given by the exact formula for different cases. These include shrinkage stress measured using instruments with different compliances, samples with different thicknesses and composites with different filler fractions. RESULTS The simplified formula produces shrinkage-stress predictions that are very similar to those given by the full formula. In addition, it correctly predicts the decrease in shrinkage stress with an increasing configuration factor for compliant instruments. It also correctly predicts the value of the so-called flow factor of composites despite the fact that creep is not considered in the model. SIGNIFICANCE The new simple formula significantly simplifies the prediction of shrinkage stress for disc specimens used in laboratory experiments without much loss in precision. Its explicit analytical form shows clearly all the important parameters that control the level of shrinkage stress in such measurements. It also helps to resolve much of the confusion caused by the seemingly contradictory results reported in the literature. Further, the formula can be used as a guide for the design of dental composite materials or restorations to minimize their shrinkage stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wondwosen A Aregawi
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Alex S L Fok
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, United States.
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Marginal adaptation of a low-shrinkage silorane-based composite: 1-year randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2010; 15:291-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-010-0446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Li J, Li H, Fok SL. A mathematical analysis of shrinkage stress development in dental composite restorations during resin polymerization. Dent Mater 2008; 24:923-31. [PMID: 18191446 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To derive an analytical solution of shrinkage stresses in a simplified Class-I composite restoration using a visco-elastic material model. METHODS Simplified, multi-layer, circular plane models were used to represent different sections of a tooth with a Class-I restoration: one section is close to the top occlusal surface and the other is at a deeper location of the restoration. The sections are therefore subjected to different stress states, i.e., plane-stress and plane-strain, respectively. The analytical solution obtained was compared with the numerical results from finite element analysis. A sensitivity study was then carried out to examine the relative influence of geometric and material parameters on the shrinkage stress development. RESULTS The analytical solution for the shrinkage stress agrees reasonably well with the numerical results given by finite element analysis of more realistic geometries. The result shows that the residual stresses deep inside the restoration are much higher than those at the occlusal surface. This is because material at the former location is subjected to a stress state similar to that of equi-triaxial tension, which limits stress relaxation through viscous flow. However, a stress concentration exists at the restoration margin on the occlusal surface. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the most important factor in shrinkage stress development is material shrinkage, and the second most important factor is Young's modulus. Viscosity and polymerization rate only affect the residual stresses at the surface. The size of the restoration had relatively little influence on the residual stress development. On the other hand, increasing the enamel thickness increases the stresses inside the restoration but not those at the occlusal surface. SIGNIFICANCE A visco-elastic solution for the shrinkage stresses developed in a simplified Class-I restoration during polymerization has been derived. The solution allows the influence of several geometric and material parameters on shrinkage stress development to be examined readily. It also provides a benchmark test for more elaborate numerical schemes before they are used to analyse more complicated cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Li
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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