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Fan ZQ, Serenari M, Lv X, Schwartz M, Qiu W, Pawlik TM, Chen Z, Zhou YH, Wang XM, Chen TH, Li J, Zhang CW, Wang H, Zhang YM, Gu WM, Liang YJ, Diao YK, Yao LQ, Li C, Cescon M, Wang MD, Sun XD, Lau WY, Shen F, Yang T, Lv G. Prognostic significance of nodular number in patients undergoing hepatectomy of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Surg 2024; 111:znae047. [PMID: 38456676 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qi Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Matteo Serenari
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplant Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Xing Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Myron Schwartz
- Liver Cancer Program, Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Hao Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu'er, Yunnan, China
| | - Xian-Ming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting-Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ziyang First People's Hospital, Ziyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng-Wu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Centre, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Liuyang People's Hospital, Liuyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yao-Ming Zhang
- The Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Min Gu
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying-Jian Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yong-Kang Diao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Qing Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Matteo Cescon
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplant Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ming-Da Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Ng KKC, Cheng KC, Kung JWC, Ho KM, Lok HT, Fung AKY, Chong CCN, Cheung SYS, Lee KF, Wong J, Lai PBS. Comparison of clinical outcome between laparoscopic and open hepatectomy of high difficulty score for hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score analysis. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:857-871. [PMID: 38082015 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) of high difficulty score is technically challenging. There is a lack of clinical evidence to support its applicability in terms of the long-term survival benefits. This study aims to compare clinical outcomes between LLR and the open liver resection of high difficulty score for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2010 to 2020, using Iwate criteria, 424 patients underwent liver resection of high difficulty score by the laparoscopic (n = 65) or open (n = 359) approach. Propensity score (PS) matching was performed between the two groups. Short-term and long-term outcomes were compared between PS-matched groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors affecting survival. RESULTS The laparoscopic group had significantly fewer severe complications (3% vs. 10.8%), and shorter median hospital stays (6 days vs. 8 days) than the open group. Meanwhile, the long-term oncological outcomes were comparable between the two groups, in terms of the tumor recurrence rate (40% vs. 46.1%), the 5-year overall survival rate (75.4% vs. 76.2%), and the 5-year recurrence-free survival rate (50.3% vs. 53.5%). The high preoperative serum alpha-fetoprotein level, multiple tumors, and severe postoperative complications were the independent poor prognostic factors associated with worse overall survival. The surgical approach (Laparoscopic vs. Open) did not influence the survival. CONCLUSION LLR of high difficulty score for selected patients with HCC has better short-term outcomes than the open approach. More importantly, it can achieve similar long-term survival outcomes as the open approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K C Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong.
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30 - 32 Ngan Shing Street, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Kai-Chi Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Janet W C Kung
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kit-Man Ho
- Department of Surgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hon-Ting Lok
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew K Y Fung
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Charing C N Chong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny Y S Cheung
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kit-Fai Lee
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Paul B S Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
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3
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Chang GY, Yopp AC. Expanding Indications for Surgical Resection in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: What is the Evidence? Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2024; 33:99-109. [PMID: 37945148 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic resection is one of the mainstays of curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The appropriate selection of resectable candidates requires careful consideration of a multitude of factors including tumor burden (size and number of nodules, presence of vascular involvement, extrahepatic spread), patient factors (performance status, underlying liver function), and availability of other therapies (access to transplantation, interventional procedures, immunotherapies). Historically, hepatic resection for HCC has been reserved for patients with solitary tumors without vascular invasion. However, in well-selected patients HCC tumors multifocal in nature or with vascular invasion should be considered for hepatic resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Y Chang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adam C Yopp
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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4
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Pandrowala S, Patkar S, Goel M, Mirza D, Mathur SK. Surgical resection for large hepatocellular carcinoma and those beyond BCLC: systematic review with proposed management algorithm. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:144. [PMID: 37041364 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the sixth most common cancer and ranks third in mortality worldwide with inhomogeneity in terms of resection for advanced-stage disease. METHODS A systematic review of published literature using the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases from 1995 to 2020 was conducted to identify studies that reported outcomes of resection for solitary HCC > 10 cm, BCLC B/C, and multinodular HCC. Our aim was to assess overall survival for resection, identify poor prognostic factors, and to compare it to trans-arterial chemotherapy (TACE) where data was available. RESULTS Eighty-nine articles were included after a complete database search in the systematic review as per our predefined criteria. Analysis revealed a 5-year overall survival of 33.5% for resection of HCC > 10 cm, 41.7% for BCLC B, 23.3% for BCLC C, and 36.6% for multinodular HCC. Peri-operative mortality ranged from 0 to 6.9%. Studies comparing resection versus TACE for BCLC B/C had a survival of 40% versus 17%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our systematic review justifies hepatic resection wherever feasible for hepatocellular carcinomas > 10 cm, BCLC B, BCLC C, and multinodular tumors. In addition, we identified and proposed an algorithm with five poor prognostic criteria in this group of patients who may benefit from adjuvant TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saneya Pandrowala
- Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Service, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shraddha Patkar
- Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Service, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Mahesh Goel
- Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Service, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
| | - Darius Mirza
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham and Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S K Mathur
- Zen Digestive Disease Center, Zen Hospital, Mumbai, India
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5
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Selecting the Best Approach for the Treatment of Multiple Non-Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235997. [PMID: 36497478 PMCID: PMC9737585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, the optimal strategy for patients with multiple HCC within the Milan Criteria is liver transplantation (LT). However, LT cannot be offered to all the patients due to organ shortages and long waiting lists, as well as because of the advanced disease carrying a high risk of poor outcomes. For early stages, liver resection (LR) or thermal ablation (TA) can be proposed, while trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) still remains the treatment of choice for intermediate stages (BCLC-B). Asian guidelines and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network suggest LR for resectable multinodular HCCs, even beyond Milan criteria. In this scenario, a growing body of evidence shows better outcomes after surgical resection when compared with TACE. Trans-arterial radioembolization (TARE) and stereotaxic body radiation therapy (SBRT) can also play an important role in this setting. Furthermore, the role of minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS) specifically for patients with multiple HCC is still not clear. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about the best therapeutical strategy for multiple HCC while focusing on the role of minimally invasive surgery and on the most attractive future perspectives.
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6
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Elhanafy E, Aboelinin M, Said R, Elmahdy Y, Aboelenin A, Fouad A, Abdelwahab M, Shehta A. Outcomes of liver resection for huge hepatocellular carcinoma exceeding 10 cm in size: A single center experience. Am J Surg 2022; 225:1013-1021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Wang J, Zuo S, Zhang Y, Li S, Shi Y, Du T, Han J, Jin N, Li Y, Li X. Recombinant Oncolytic Adenovirus Combined with Cyclophosphamide Induces Synergy in the Treatment of Breast Cancer in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:2749-2761. [PMID: 36133740 PMCID: PMC9484773 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s373271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oncolytic virus therapy has gradually become an integral approach in cancer treatment. We explored the therapeutic effects of the combination of a dual cancer-selective anti-tumor recombinant adenovirus (Ad-Apoptin-hTERTp-E1a) and cyclophosphamide on breast cancer cells. Methods The inhibition of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by Ad-Apoptin-hTERTp-E1a (Ad-VT), cyclophosphamide, and Ad-VT + Cyclophosphamide was investigated using the CCK-8 assay. The combination index (CI) was calculated using CalcuSyn software to determine the best combination based on the inhibition rates of the different treatment combinations. The CCK-8 assay and crystal violet staining were used to detect the cytotoxicity of the combined Ad-VT and cyclophosphamide in breast cancer cells and breast epithelial cells. Subsequently, Hoechst staining, annexin V flow cytometry, and JC-1 staining were used to analyze the inhibitory pathway of Ad-VT plus cyclophosphamide on breast cancer cells. Cell migration and invasion of breast cancer cells were assessed using the cell-scratch and Transwell assays. The anti-tumor effects of different treatment groups in a tumor-bearing nude mouse model also were analyzed. Results The treatment combination of Ad-VT (40 MOI) and cyclophosphamide (400 µM) significantly inhibited MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and reduced the toxicity of cyclophosphamide in normal cells. Ad-VT primarily induced breast cancer cell apoptosis through the endogenous apoptotic pathway. Apoptosis was significantly increased after treatment with Ad-VT plus cyclophosphamide. The combination significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that exposure to Ad-VT plus cyclophosphamide significantly inhibited tumor growth and extended the survival time of the nude mice. Conclusion Ad-VT plus cyclophosphamide reduced toxicity and exhibited increased efficacy in treating breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Zuo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanzhi Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tonghua Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Han
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China.,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China.,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
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Surgical Resection Is Superior to TACE in the Treatment of HCC in a Well Selected Cohort of BCLC-B Elderly Patients-A Retrospective Observational Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184422. [PMID: 36139581 PMCID: PMC9496726 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually develops in cirrhotic liver, with high recurrence rates. However, considering its increasing detection in non-cirrhotic liver, the choice of treatment assumes particular relevance. This study aimed to investigate outcomes of patients among BCLC stages and enrolled for surgical resection (SR) according to a more complex evaluation, to establish its safety and efficacy. A total of 186 selected HCC patients (median age 73.2 yrs), submitted to SR between January 2005 and January 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. Of which, 166 were staged 0, A, B according to the BCLC system, while 20 with a single large tumor (>5 cm) were classified as stage AB. No perioperative mortality was recorded; complications occurred in 48 (25.80%) patients, and all but two were Clavien−Dindo grade I−II. Median follow-up was 9.2 years. Subsequently, 162 recurrent patients (87,1%) were selected for new treatments. Comparable overall survival rates (OS) were observed at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years in 0, A, B and AB stages (p = 0.2). Eventually, the BCLC-B group was matched to 40 BCLC-B patients treated (2015-2021) with TACE. Significant differences in baseline characteristics (p <0.0001) and in OS were observed at 1 and 3 years (p <0.0001); a significant difference was also observed in oncological outcomes, in terms of the absence, residual, or relapse of disease (p <0.05). Surgery might be a valid treatment in HCC for patients affected by chronic liver disease in a condition of compensation, up to BCLC-B stage. Surgical indication for liver resection in case of HCC should be extensively revised.
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Glantzounis GK, Korkolis D, Sotiropoulos GC, Tzimas G, Karampa A, Paliouras A, Asimakopoulos AG, Davakis S, Papalampros A, Moris D, Felekouras E. Individualized Approach in the Surgical Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results from a Greek Multicentre Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184387. [PMID: 36139548 PMCID: PMC9496943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer with expected increasing frequency in the next few decades. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Staging System is a widely adopted tool for guiding the therapeutic algorithms of patients with HCC. This classification has been guiding clinical practice for the last two decades. However, emerging data demonstrate that patients beyond the traditional criteria of operability or resectability can benefit from surgical treatment. We present the Greek multicentre experience of treating HCC within and beyond BCLC guidelines. Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of death worldwide. The management of HCC is complex, with surgical treatment providing long-term survival in eligible patients. This study aims to present the experience of aggressive surgical management of HCC in Greece. Methods: This is a retrospective multicentre clinical study with 242 patients. Results: Most patients were male (79%) and had a median age of 71 yrs. According to the most recent BCLC criteria, 172 patients (71.1%) were classified as BCLC 0-A stage, 33 patients (13.6%) were classified as BCLC B, and 37 (15.3%) were classified as BCLC C. A total of 54% of the patients underwent major hepatectomy. Major postoperative morbidity was 15.6%, and the 90-day postoperative mortality rate was 4.5%. The median follow-up was 33.5 months. Three- and five-year overall survival was 65% and 48%, respectively. The median overall survival was 55 months. Significantly, five-year survival was 55% for BCLC A, and 34% and 21% for BCLC B and C, respectively. In univariate analysis, cirrhosis, type of resection (R status), and BCLC stage were associated with overall survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that R1 and R2 resections compared to R0, and BCLC C compared to BCLC 0-A, were independently associated with increased mortality. Conclusions: Aggressive surgical treatment of HCC offers satisfactory long-term survival prospects. A significant percentage (29%) of HCCs that underwent liver resection were of the intermediate and advanced BCLC stage. The management of patients with HCC should be discussed in multidisciplinary tumour board meetings on a case-by-case basis to be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios K. Glantzounis
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery (HPB) Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +302-651099695 or +306-984189292; Fax: +302-651099890
| | | | - Georgios C. Sotiropoulos
- Second Propedeutic Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tzimas
- HPB Unit, Department of Surgery, Hygeia Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Karampa
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery (HPB) Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athanasios Paliouras
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery (HPB) Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Spyridon Davakis
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Papalampros
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Moris
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Felekouras
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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10
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Lian D, Wang W, Liu L, Wang J, Rao S, Zhou J. CT volumetry helps predict prognosis of large hepatocellular carcinoma after resection. Clin Radiol 2022; 77:e599-e605. [PMID: 35483982 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether the tumour volume measurement on preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) could be used to predict the overall survival patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma (>5 cm) after resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 171 patients with surgically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent preoperative CT. The largest diameter, the product of the axial dimension, tumour volume, and tumour-to-liver volume ratio (TTLVR) on CT images were measured and calculated. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratio regression models were used to identify the impact of the tumour burden-related risk factors on overall survival. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, TTLVR (p=0.042) and major vascular invasion (p=0.006) were independently associated with overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after the resection. The group in which the patients had a low TTLVR showed higher cumulative survival rates than patients with a TTLVR (p=0.004). Patients with a low TTLVR (≤26.23%) and absence of major vascular invasion had significantly higher cumulative survival rates compared to those patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with either or both the risk factors (p=0.001). CONCLUSION A higher TTLVR in combination with the presence of major vascular invasion was associated with poorer overall survival in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma after resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lian
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 668 Jinhu Road, Huli District, Xiamen 361015, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - S Rao
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 668 Jinhu Road, Huli District, Xiamen 361015, China.
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Li T, Fang J, Chu J, Liu X, Li Y, Zhu Y, Li S, Xiu Z, Li Y, Jin N, Zhu G, Sun L, Li X. In vivo and in vitro inhibition of SCLC by combining dual cancer-specific recombinant adenovirus with Etoposide. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1073-1085. [PMID: 35038020 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oncolytic virotherapy is emerging as an important modality in cancer treatment. In a previous study, we designed and constructed Ad-Apoptin-hTERTp-E1a (Ad-VT), a dual cancer-selective anti-tumor recombinant adenovirus. METHODS To explore the therapeutic effect of recombinant adenovirus Ad-VT together with Etoposide on small cell lung cancer, the ability of Ad-VT alone, Etoposide alone, and a combination of Ad-VT + Etoposide to inhibit proliferation of NCI-H446 and BEAS-2B cells was investigated using the WST-1 method. According to the inhibitory action of different combinations, a combination index (CI) was estimated by CalcuSyn software to select the best combination. The inhibitory effect of Ad-VT combined with Etoposide on NCI-H446 and BEAS-2B cells was detected by crystal violet staining and the CFST method. Hoechst, Annexin V and JC-1 staining were used to explore the inhibitory pathway of Ad-VT combined with Etoposide on NCI-H446 cells. The migratory and invasive abilities of treated NCI-H446 cells were assessed by Transwell and BioCat methods. Tumor volume, body weight and survival rate were measured to analyze the anti-tumor and toxic effects of different treatments in tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS Ad-VT (20 MOI) combined with Etoposide (400 nM) significantly inhibited NCI-H446 cell proliferation with reduced toxicity of Etoposide to normal cells. Ad-VT induced apoptosis of NCI-H446 cells mainly through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, an effect significantly increased by the combined treatment. Ad-VT together with Etoposide significantly inhibited migration and invasion of NCI-H446 cells, inhibited tumor growth in vivo and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS The above results indicate that when combined with Etoposide, Ad-VT may have an important role in synergistically inhibiting tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Fang
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihao Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanzhi Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiru Xiu
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhe Zhu
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, People's Republic of China. .,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Atyah M, Zhou C, Zhou Q, Chen W, Weng J, Wang P, Shi Y, Dong Q, Ren N. The Age-Specific Features and Clinical Significance of NRF2 and MAPK10 Expression in HCC Patients. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:737-748. [PMID: 35082522 PMCID: PMC8786352 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s351263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) functions decline with age; however, cancer cells can hijack its pathways to ensure survival and aggressiveness. Yet, the role of NRF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rarely investigated in an age-specific manner. This study investigates the expression of NRF2 and its activator (MAPK10) in different age groups of HCC patients, in addition to the age-specific features of NRF2 and MAPK10 interaction and their clinical significance. Methods Tumor and near-tumor tissue samples of 181 HCC patients were used to complete a protein expression analysis of NRF2 and MAPK10. Patients’ survival and clinical data were collected for clinical analysis. Global databases (TCGA, ICGC) were used to collect MAPK10 genetic mutation and mRNA expression data in patients with HCC, colorectal, stomach, and pancreatic cancers. Results Our findings revealed an increase in NRF2 protein expression but only in younger HCC patients, along with a decline in MAPK10 ability to activate NRF2 in older patients. We also found an increased MAPK10 genetic mutation rate and decreased mRNA expression in older patients. Low MAPK10 and NRF2 expression levels were associated with shorter survival and poorer prognosis due to positive correlation with microvascular invasion, tumor thrombus, elevated AFP levels, and larger tumor size. Conclusion NRF2 expression and oxidative stress mechanism in HCC patients are influenced by age. This magnifies the need to consider patients’ age in treatment strategies and guidelines and re-evaluates the application of studies’ age-standardized findings in older patients who are usually excluded from relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Atyah
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanyong Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialei Weng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Shi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, and Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital & AHS, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199, People’s Republic of China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Qiongzhu Dong, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, and Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital & AHS, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-21- 64923400, Email
| | - Ning Ren
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, and Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital & AHS, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ning Ren, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-21-64041990, Email
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13
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Guo C, Zou X, Hong Z, Sun J, Xiao W, Sun K, Li X, Shen Y, Liang T, Bai X. Preoperative transarterial chemoembolization for barcelona clinic liver cancer stage A/B hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the milan criteria: a propensity score matching analysis. HPB (Oxford) 2021; 23:1427-1438. [PMID: 33715958 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debate continues about the benefits of preoperative transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to assess the impact of preoperative TACE on long-term outcomes after curative resection for HCC beyond the Milan criteria. METHODS Patients who underwent HCC resection exceeding the Milan criteria without macrovascular invasion between 2015 and 2018 were identified (n = 393). Short- and long-term outcomes were compared between patients who underwent preoperative TACE and patients who did not before and after propensity score matching (PSM). Factors associated with recurrence after resection were analyzed. RESULTS 100 patients (25.4%) underwent preoperative TACE. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were comparable with patients who underwent primary liver resection. 7 patients (7.0%) achieved total necrosis with better RFS compared with patients who had an incomplete response to TACE (P=0.041). PSM created 73 matched patient pairs. In the PSM cohort, preoperative TACE improved RFS (P=0.002) and OS (P=0.003). The maximum preoperatively diagnosed tumor diameter (HR 3.230, 95% CI: 1.116-9.353; P=0.031) and hepatitis B infection (HR 2.905, 95%CI: 1.281-6.589; P=0.011) were independently associated with favorable RFS after HCC resection. CONCLUSION Preoperative TACE made no significant difference to perioperative complications and was correlated with an improved prognosis after surgical resection for patients with HCC beyond the Milan criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Clinical Medical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiuwen Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Clinical Medical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhengtao Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Clinical Medical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Junhui Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wenbo Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xuejie Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yinan Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Clinical Medical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Clinical Medical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Clinical Medical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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14
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Li M, Zhu Y, Bai B, Fang J, Yao W, Li Y, Li S, Li X, Jin N, Jiang R. Suppression effect of a dual cancer-specific oncolytic adenovirus on luciferase-labeled human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:251-262. [PMID: 34459386 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the suppressive effect of Apoptin-loaded oncolytic adenovirus (Ad-VT) on luciferase-labeled human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The stable luciferase-expressing human melanoma cells A375-luc or M14-luc were obtained by transfecting the plasmid pGL4.51 and selection with G418, followed by luciferase activity, genetic stability and bioluminescence intensity assays. In vitro, the inhibitory effects of Ad-VT on A375-luc or M14-luc were evaluated using the MTS cell proliferation, FITC-Annexin V apoptosis detection, transwell migration, Matrigel invasion and scratch assays. The inhibition pathway in Ad-VT-infected A375-luc and M14-luc cells were analyzed by JC-1 staining and Western-blot detection of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins. In vivo, the suppressive effects of Ad-VT on A375-luc or M14-luc were assessed by living imaging technology, tumor volume, bioluminescence intensity, survival curves and immunohistochemical analysis of the tumors from the xenograft tumor model BALB/c nude mice. RESULTS The growth and migration of A375-luc and M14-luc were significantly inhibited by Ad-VT in vitro. The evaluations of A375-luc and M14-luc tumor models in BALB/c nude mice were successfully performed using living imaging technology. Ad-VT had an anti-tumor effect by reducing tumor growth and increasing survival in vivo. Ad-VT significantly changed the mitochondrial membrane potential by triggering the the mitochondrial release of apoptosis-related proteins, AIF (apoptosis inducing factor), ARTS (Apoptosis-Related Proteins), and Cyto-c (cytochrome c) from the mitochondria. CONCLUSION Ad-VT reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential in A375-luc or M14-luc cells and induced the mitochondrial release of AIF, ARTS and Cyto-C. Ad-VT induced apoptosis in A375-luc or M14-luc cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinbo Fang
- Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Offices Administration, Central Military Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shanzhi Li
- Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rihua Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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15
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Zhang EL, Cheng Q, Huang ZY, Dong W. Revisiting Surgical Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Microvascular Invasion. Front Oncol 2021; 11:691354. [PMID: 34123861 PMCID: PMC8190326 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.691354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although liver resection (LR) and liver transplantation (LT) are widely considered as potentially curative therapies for selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, there is still high risk of tumor recurrence in majority of HCC patients. Previous studies demonstrated that the presence of microvascular invasion (MVI), which was defined as the presence of tumor emboli within the vessels adjacent to HCC, was one of the key factors of early HCC recurrence and poor surgical outcomes after LR or LT. In this review, we evaluated the impact of current MVI status on surgical outcomes after curative therapies and aimed to explore the surgical strategies for HCC based on different MVI status with evidence from pathological examination. Surgical outcomes of HCC patients with MVI have been described as a varied range after curative therapies due to a broad spectrum of current definitions for MVI. Therefore, an international consensus on the validated definition of MVI in HCC is urgently needed to provide a more consistent evaluation and reliable prediction of surgical outcomes for HCC patients after curative treatments. We concluded that MVI should be further sub-classified into MI (microvessel invasion) and MPVI (microscopic portal vein invasion); for HCC patients with MPVI, local R0 resection with a narrow or wide surgical margin will get the same surgical results. However, for HCC patients with MI, local surgical resection with a wide and negative surgical margin will get better surgical outcomes. Nowadays, MVI status can only be reliably confirmed by histopathologic evaluation of surgical specimens, limiting its clinical application. Taken together, preoperative assessment of MVI is of utmost significance for selecting a reasonable surgical modality and greatly improving the surgical outcomes of HCC patients, especially in those with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Lei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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16
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Govalan R, Lauzon M, Luu M, Ahn JC, Kosari K, Todo T, Kim IK, Noureddin M, Kuo A, Walid AS, Sundaram V, Lu SC, Roberts LR, Singal AG, Heimbach JK, Agopian VG, Nissen N, Yang JD. Comparison of Surgical Resection and Systemic Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Vascular Invasion: National Cancer Database Analysis. Liver Cancer 2021; 10:407-418. [PMID: 34721504 PMCID: PMC8527916 DOI: 10.1159/000515554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Small studies from outside of the USA suggest excellent outcomes after surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with vascular invasion. The study aims to (1) compare overall survival after surgical resection and systemic therapy among patients with HCC and vascular invasion and (2) determine factors associated with receipt of surgical resection in a US population. METHODS HCC patients with AJCC clinical TNM stage 7th T3BN0M0 diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 from the National Cancer Database were analyzed. Cox and logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with overall survival and receipt of surgical resection. RESULTS Of 11,259 patients with T3BN0M0 HCC, 325 (2.9%) and 4,268 (37.9%) received surgical resection and systemic therapy, respectively. In multivariable analysis, surgical resection was associated with improved survival compared to systemic therapy (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.496, 95% confidence interval: 0.426-0.578) with a median survival of 21.4 and 8.1 months, respectively. Superiority of surgical resection was observed in noncirrhotic and cirrhotic subgroups and propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting adjusted analysis. Asians were more likely to receive surgical resection, whereas Charlson comorbidity ≥3, elevated alpha-fetoprotein, smaller tumor size, care in a community cancer program, and the South or West region were associated with a lower likelihood of surgical resection. CONCLUSION HCC patients with vascular invasion may benefit from surgical resection compared to systemic therapies. Demographic and clinical features of HCC patients and region and type of treating facility were associated with surgical resection versus systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Govalan
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marie Lauzon
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Luu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph C. Ahn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kambiz Kosari
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Todo
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Irene K. Kim
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ayoub S. Walid
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vinay Sundaram
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shelly C. Lu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amit G. Singal
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Julie K. Heimbach
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Liver Transplant Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vatche G. Agopian
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Nissen
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,*Ju Dong Yang,
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Xiao H, Li JL, Chen SL, Tang MM, Zhou Q, Wu TF, Li X, Peng ZW, Feng ST, Peng S, Kuang M. A Pre-Operative Prognostic Score for Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Who Underwent Resection. Front Oncol 2021; 11:569515. [PMID: 33718130 PMCID: PMC7953908 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.569515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrated a promising prognosis in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent surgery, yet a consensus of which population would benefit most from surgery is still unreached. METHOD A total of 496 advanced HCC patients who initially underwent liver resection were consecutively collected. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was performed to select significant pre-operative factors for recurrence-free survival (RFS). A prognostic score constructed from these factors was used to divide patients into different risk groups. Survivals were compared between groups with log-rank test. The area under curves (AUC) of the time-dependent receiver operating characteristics was used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of prognostic score. RESULT For the entire cohort, the median overall survival (OS) was 23.0 months and the median RFS was 12.1 months. Patients were divided into two risk groups according to the prognostic score constructed with ALBI score, tumor size, tumor-invaded liver segments, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alpha fetoprotein, and portal vein tumor thrombus stage. The median RFS of the low-risk group was significantly longer than that of the high-risk group in both the training (10.1 vs 2.9 months, P<0.001) and the validation groups (13.7 vs 4.6 months, P=0.002). The AUCs of the prognostic score in predicting survival were 0.70 to 0.71 in the training group and 0.71 to 0.72 in the validation group. CONCLUSION Surgery could provide promising survival for HCC patients at an advanced stage. Our developed pre-operative prognostic score is effective in identifying advanced-stage HCC patients with better survival benefit for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Division of Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Li Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, Dongguan People’s Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Shu-Ling Chen
- Division of Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mi-Mi Tang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Fan Wu
- Clinical Education Team, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Global Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Peng
- Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ting Feng
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Peng
- Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Division of Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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A dual cancer-specific recombinant adenovirus suppresses the growth of liver cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:110-122. [PMID: 31658131 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus therapy is emerging as important means in cancer treatment. In a previous study, we constructed a dual cancer-specific antitumor recombinant adenovirus, designating it Ad-apoptin-hTERTp-E1a (Ad-VT). This study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of recombinant adenovirus Ad-apoptin-hTERTp-E1a (Ad-VT) in liver cancer. Crystal Violet staining and CCK-8 assays were used to analyse the inhibitory effect of recombinant adenovirus on human hepatoma cell line QGY-7703 and SMMC-7721. Ad-VT had a significant tumour killing inhibitory effect on QGY-7703 and SMMC-7721 cells that was both dose and a time dependent. Ad-VT-induced apoptosis of QGY-7703 cells was detected using Hoechst, Annexin V, and JC-1 staining, as well as western blotting. Recombinant adenovirus had a strong apoptosis-inducing effect on QGY-7703 cells, and killed QGY-7703 cells mainly through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. QGY-7703 cells invasion were detected using cell-scratch and Transwell assays. Recombinant adenovirus could significantly inhibit the invasion of QGY-7703 cells over a short period of time. The pGL4.51 plasmid was used to transfect QGY-7703 cells to construct tumour cells stably expressing luciferase (QGY-7703-LUC). The tumour inhibition effect of Ad-VT in vivo was subsequently confirmed by establishing a tumour-bearing nude mouse model. Ad-VT could effectively inhibit tumour growth and prolong survival of the mice. Recombinant adenovirus Ad-VT has the characteristics of tumour-specific replication and specific tumour killing, and could inhibit the growth of liver cancer QGY-7703 cells and promote their apoptosis.
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Ng KKC, Cheng NMY, Huang J, Liao M, Chong CCN, Lee KF, Wong J, Cheung SYS, Lok HT, Fung AKY, Wong GLH, Wong VWS, Lai PBS. Development and validation of a novel nomogram predicting 10-year actual survival after curative hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgeon 2021; 19:329-337. [PMID: 33423927 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although hepatectomy is a curative treatment modality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the associated 10-year long-term actual survival are rarely reported. This study aims to develop and validate a predictive nomogram for 10-year actual survivors with HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2004 to 2009, 753 patients with curative hepatectomy for HCC (development set, n = 325; validation set, n = 428) were included. In development set, comparison of clinic-pathological data was made between patients surviving ≥10 years and those surviving <10 years. Good independent prognostic factors identified by multivariate analysis were involved in a nomogram development, which was validated internally and externally using validation set. RESULTS On multivariate analysis, five independent good prognostic factors for 10-year survival were identified, including young age (OR = 0.943), good ASA status (≤2) (OR = 2.794), higher albumin level (OR = 1.116), solitary tumor (OR = 2.531) and absence of microvascular invasion (OR = 3.367). A novel nomogram was constructed with C-index of 0.801 (95% CI 0.762-0.864). A cut-off point of 167.5 had a sensitivity of 0.794 and specificity of 0.730. Internal validation using bootstrap sampling and external validation using validation set revealed C-index of 0.792 (95% CI, 0.741-0.853) and 0.761 (95% CI, 0.718-0.817). CONCLUSION A novel nomogram for 10-year HCC survivor using age, ASA status, preoperative albumin, tumor number and presence of microvascular tumor invasion was developed and validated with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K C Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Nicole M Y Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Jiwei Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Transplantation Division, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingheng Liao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Transplantation Division, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Charing C N Chong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kit-Fai Lee
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny Y S Cheung
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Hon-Ting Lok
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew K Y Fung
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Grace L H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent W S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Paul B S Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Lee SY, Ahn CS, Yoon YI, Lee SG, Hwang S, Kim KH, Moon DB, Ha TY, Song GW, Jung DH, Park GC. Long-term outcomes of liver resection for multiple hepatocellular carcinomas: Single-institution experience with 187 patients. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2020; 24:437-444. [PMID: 33234746 PMCID: PMC7691203 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.2020.24.4.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds/Aims Surgical resection for the treatment of multiple hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and oncological outcomes after liver resection in patients with multiple HCCs. Methods Clinicopathological and survival data of 187 patients who underwent curative resection for multiple HCCs between June 2004 and December 2016 at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea were retrospectively reviewed. The prognostic factors for recurrence and survival were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Of the 187 patients, 153 (81.8%) had two nodules, 23 (12.3%) had three nodules, and 11 (5.9%) had more than three nodules. Multiple tumors were located in the ipsilateral lobe in 163 (87.2%) patients. Anatomical resection, non-anatomical resection, and both types of resections were performed in 81.3%, 8.0%, and 10.7% patients, respectively. Recurrence occurred in 133 (71.1%) patients, and the mean time to recurrence after surgery was 34.2 months. Independent risk factors for tumor recurrence in multivariate analyses were indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min ≥15%, preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level ≥400 ng/ml, and total tumor diameter ≥6 cm. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year disease-free survival rates were 94.1%, 81.7%, 69.7%, and 39.4%, respectively, and the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 93.5%, 74.2%, 64.9%, and 38.8%, respectively. Conclusions Our experience shows that liver resection can be considered a first-line treatment option for selected patients with multiple HCCs who have well-preserved liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Young Lee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Soo Ahn
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-In Yoon
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Gyu Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin Hwang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deok-Bog Moon
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Ha
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Won Song
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Jung
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gil-Chun Park
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Overall Tumor Burden Dictates Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Resection of Multinodular Hepatocellular Carcinoma Beyond the Milan Criteria. Ann Surg 2020; 272:574-581. [PMID: 32932309 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study was to define surgical outcomes after resection of multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond the Milan criteria, and develop a prediction tool to identify which patients likely benefit the most from resection. BACKGROUND Liver resection for multinodular HCC, especially beyond the Milan criteria, remains controversial. Rigorous selection of the best candidates for resection is essential to achieve optimal outcomes after liver resection of advanced tumors. METHODS Patients who underwent resection for HCC between 2000 and 2017 were identified from an international multi-institutional database. Patients were categorized according to Milan criteria status. Pre- and postoperative overall survival (OS) prediction models that included HCC tumor burden score (TBS) among patients with multinodular HCC beyond Milan criteria were developed and validated. RESULTS Among 1037 patients who underwent resection for HCC, 164 (15.8%) had multinodular HCC beyond the Milan criteria. Among patients with multinodular HCC, 25 (15.2%) patients experienced a serious complication and 90-day mortality was 3.7% (n = 6). Five-year OS after resection of multinodular HCC beyond Milan criteria was 52.8%. A preoperative TBS-based model (5-year OS: low-risk, 73.7% vs intermediate-risk, 45.1% vs high-risk, 13.1%), and postoperative TBS-based model (5-year OS: low-risk, 80.1% vs intermediate-risk, 37.2% vs high-risk, not reached) categorized patients into distinct prognostic groups relative to long-term prognosis (both P < 0.001). Pre- and postoperative models could accurately stratify OS in an external validation cohort (5-year OS; low vs medium vs high risk; pre: 66.3% vs 25.2% vs not reached, P = 0.012; post: 61.4% vs 42.5% vs not reached, P = 0.045) Predictive accuracy of the pre- and postoperative models was good in the training (c-index; pre: 0.68; post: 0.71), internal validation (n = 2000 resamples) (c-index, pre: 0.70; post: 0.72) and external validation (c-index, pre: 0.67; post 0.68) datasets. TBS alone could stratify patients relative to 5-year OS after resection of multinodular HCC beyond Milan criteria (c-index: 0.65; 5-year OS; low TBS: 70.2% vs medium TBS: 54.7% vs high TBS: 16.7%; P < 0.001). The vast majority of patients with low and intermediate TBS were deemed low or medium risk based on both the preoperative (98.4%) and postoperative risk scores (95.3%). CONCLUSION Prognosis of patients with multinodular HCC was largely dependent on overall tumor burden. Liver resection should be considered among patients with multinodular HCC beyond the Milan criteria who have a low- or intermediate-TBS.
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Lim JY, Lee M, Kim TH. Is Transarterial Chemoembolization Only Treatment Option in Patients with Intermediate Stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?: in Perspectives of Surgery. JOURNAL OF LIVER CANCER 2020; 20:113-119. [PMID: 37384321 PMCID: PMC10035680 DOI: 10.17998/jlc.20.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
In the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system, intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is defined as large multinodular tumors without vascular invasion or extrahepatic spread in an asymptomatic patient with good performance status. Intermediate stage HCC includes various subgroups and it is characterized by extensive heterogeneity. Current guidelines recommend transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as the standard treatment modality for patients with intermediate stage HCC. Although TACE provides improved survival benefits compared with supportive care for patients with intermediate stage HCC, all of them are not good candidates for TACE. TACE refractoriness is another obstacle to effective treatment of patients with intermediate stage HCC. Given that many studies recently reported improved survival in patients treated with hepatic resection over TACE, we reviewed the survival outcomes of TACE and hepatic resection as a treatment strategy of intermediate stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Lim
- Department of Health Promotion Center, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cui Y, Li Y, Li S, Li W, Zhu Y, Wang J, Liu X, Yue Y, Jin N, Li X. Anti-tumor effect of a dual cancer-specific recombinant adenovirus on ovarian cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112185. [PMID: 32828827 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptin can specifically kill cancer cells but has no toxicity to normal cells. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) acts as a tumor-specific promoter, triggering certain genes to replicate or express only in tumor cells, conferring specific replication and killing abilities. This study aimed at investigating the anticancer potential of the recombinant adenovirus Ad-apoptin-hTERTp-E1a (Ad-VT) in ovarian cancer treatment. METHODS Crystal Violet staining and WST-1 assays were used to analyze the inhibitory effect of Ad-VT on ovarian cancer SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 cells. Ad-VT-induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, was detected using Hoechst, Annexin V-FITC/PI, JC-1 staining. Cell migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells were detected using cell-scratch and Transwell assays. The pGL4.51 plasmid was used to transfect and to generate SKOV3-LUC cells, that stably express luciferase. The in vivo tumor inhibition effect of Ad-VT was subsequently confirmed using a tumor-bearing nude mouse model. RESULTS Ad-VT had a strong apoptosis-inducing effect on SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 cells, that was mainly mediated through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The Ad-VT could significantly increase the inhibition of ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion. The Ad-VT also can inhibit tumor growth and reduce toxicity in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The recombinant adenovirus, comprising the apoptin protein and the hTERTp promoter, was able to inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer cells and promote their apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Cui
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China; Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Shanzhi Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China; Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China; Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China; Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China; Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China; Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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Tong AKT, Tham WY, Too CW, Tai DWM, Chow PKH, Ng DCE. Molecular Imaging and Therapy of Liver Tumors. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 50:419-433. [PMID: 32768006 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the top leading causes of mortality worldwide. Conventional imaging using contrast enhanced CT and MRI are currently the mainstay of oncologic imaging of the liver for the diagnosis and management of cancer. In the past two decades, especially since the advent of hybrid imaging in the form of PET/CT and SPECT/CT, molecular imaging has been increasingly utilized for oncologic imaging and the variety of radionuclide probes for imaging liver cancers have been expanding. Beyond the usual workhorse of FDG as an oncologic tracer, there is a growing body of evidence showing that radiolabeled choline tracers, C-11 acetate and other new novel tracers may have increasing roles to play for the imaging of liver tumors. On the therapy front, there have also been advances in recent times in terms of targeted therapies for both primary and secondary liver malignancies, particularly with transarterial radioembolization. The concept of theranostics can be applied to transarterial radioembolization by utilizing a pretreatment planning scan, such as Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin scintigraphy, coupled with post treatment imaging. Radiation dose planning by personalized dosimetric calculations to the liver tumors is also being advocated. This article explores the general trends in the field of nuclear medicine for the imaging and treatment of liver cancer above and beyond routine diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kian-Ti Tong
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging; DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Wei Ying Tham
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging; DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Chow Wei Too
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology; DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - David Wai-Meng Tai
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Division of Medical Oncology; DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Pierce Kah-Hoe Chow
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplant Surgery; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Division of Surgical Oncology; DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - David Chee-Eng Ng
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging; DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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25
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Naar L, Hatzaras I. Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Criteria: Is It Time to Push the Limits? Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:2122-2124. [PMID: 32297086 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leon Naar
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Hatzaras
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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26
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Tsilimigras DI, Bagante F, Moris D, Hyer JM, Sahara K, Paredes AZ, Mehta R, Ratti F, Marques HP, Soubrane O, Lam V, Poultsides GA, Popescu I, Alexandrescu S, Martel G, Workneh A, Guglielmi A, Hugh T, Aldrighetti L, Endo I, Pawlik TM. Recurrence Patterns and Outcomes after Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma within and beyond the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Criteria. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:2321-2331. [PMID: 32285278 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several investigators have advocated for extending the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) resection criteria to select patients with BCLC-B and even BCLC-C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of the current study was to define the outcomes and recurrence patterns after resection within and beyond the current resection criteria. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who underwent resection for HCC within (i.e., BCLC 0/A) and beyond (i.e. BCLC B/C) the current resection criteria between 2005 and 2017 were identified from an international multi-institutional database. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), as well as patterns of recurrence of patients undergoing HCC resection within and beyond the BCLC guidelines were examined. RESULTS Among 756 patients, 602 (79.6%) patients were BCLC 0/A and 154 (20.4%) were BCLC B/C. Recurrences were mostly intrahepatic (within BCLC: 74.3% versus beyond BCLC: 70.8%, p = 0.80), with BCLC B/C patients more often having multiple tumors at relapse (69.6% versus 49.4%, p = 0.001) and higher rates of early (< 2 years) recurrence (88.0% versus 75.5%, p = 0.011). During the first postoperative year, annual recurrence was 38.3% and 21.3% among BCLC B/C and BCLC 0/A patients, respectively; 5-year OS among BCLC 0/A and BCLC B/C patients was 76.9% versus 51.6% (p = 0.003). On multivariable analysis, only a-fetoprotein (AFP) > 400 ng/mL (HR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.07-3.15) and R1 resection (HR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.32-4.23) were associated with higher risk of recurrence among BCLC B/C patients. CONCLUSIONS Surgery can provide acceptable outcomes among select patients with BCLC B/C HCC. The data emphasize the need to further refine the BCLC treatment algorithm as well as highlight the need for surveillance protocols with a particular focus on the liver, especially for patients undergoing resection outside the BCLC criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Bagante
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Madison Hyer
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kota Sahara
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anghela Z Paredes
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rittal Mehta
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Hugo P Marques
- Department of Surgery, Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Olivier Soubrane
- Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, APHP, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Vincent Lam
- Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Irinel Popescu
- Department of Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Aklile Workneh
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Tom Hugh
- Department of Surgery, The University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Itaru Endo
- Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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27
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Wang J, Li Y, Li S, Yao W, Liu X, Zhu Y, Li W, Sun L, Jin N, Li X. Anti-tumor Synergistic Effect of a Dual Cancer-Specific Recombinant Adenovirus and Paclitaxel on Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:244. [PMID: 32269962 PMCID: PMC7109281 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the anticancer potential of the recombinant adenovirus Ad-apoptin-hTERTp-E1a (Ad-VT) and its synergistic combination with paclitaxel (PTX) in breast cancer treatment. First, we used the Calcusyn software to analyze the synergy between the Ad-VT and paclitaxel, and to determine the final drug concentration. Second, we used crystal violet staining and WST-1 assays to analyze the inhibitory effect of Ad-VT and paclitaxel combination treatment on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-10A cells. Subsequently, we used Hoechst, Annexin V, JC-1 staining to analyze the inhibition pathway of drugs on breast cancer cells. We also used Transwell assays to analyze the cell migration and invasion of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The pGL4.51 plasmid was used to transfect and to generate MDA-MB-231 cells, that stably express luciferase (MDA-MB-231-LUC). The in vivo tumor inhibition effect of Ad-VT and paclitaxel combination treatment was subsequently confirmed using a tumor-bearing nude mouse model. This combination treatment can increase the inhibition of breast cancer cells and reduce paclitaxel toxicity. Ad-VT had a strong apoptosis-inducing effect on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, that was mainly mediated through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The combination of Ad-VT and paclitaxel could significantly increase the inhibition of breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Combination of Ad-VT and paclitaxel can inhibit tumor growth and reduce toxicity in vivo. Ad-VT can also inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and promote their apoptosis. Meanwhile, when it is combined with paclitaxel, Ad-VT could play a significant role in a synergistic tumor inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China.,Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shanzhi Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China.,Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Offices Administration, Central Military Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China.,Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China.,Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China.,Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China.,Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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28
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Dasari BV, Kamarajah SK, Hodson J, Pawlik TM, Vauthey JN, Ma YT, Punia P, Coldham C, Abradelo M, Roberts KJ, Marudanayagam R, Sutcliffe RP, Muiesan P, Mirza DF, Isaac J. Development and validation of a risk score to predict the overall survival following surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver. HPB (Oxford) 2020; 22:383-390. [PMID: 31416786 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop and validate a risk score to predict overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver (NC-HCC). METHODS Patients who underwent resection for NC-HCC between 2004 and 2013 were identified from the SEER database. A derivation set of 75% of this cohort was used to develop a risk score. This was then internally validated on the remaining patients, and externally validated using a cohort of patients from The HPB Unit, Birmingham, UK. RESULTS A total of 3897 patients were included from the SEER database, with a median post-diagnosis survival of 59 months. In the derivation set, multivariable analyses identified male sex, increasing tumour size, the presence of multiple tumours, bilobar tumours and major vascular invasion as adverse prognostic factors. A risk score generated from these factors was significantly predictive of OS, and was used to classify patients into low, medium and high-risk groups. These groups had a five-year OS of 69%, 51% and 19% in the internal, and 73%, 50% and 45% in the external validation sets. CONCLUSION The proposed risk score is useful in the selection, pre-operative consenting and counselling of patients for surgery and to allow patients to make an informed decision regarding treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Vm Dasari
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, United Kingdom.
| | - Sivesh K Kamarajah
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, United Kingdom
| | - James Hodson
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Birmingham, B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Nicholas Vauthey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Medical Centre, Birmingham, B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Yuk T Ma
- Department of Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Pankaj Punia
- Department of Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Coldham
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Abradelo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, United Kingdom
| | - Keith J Roberts
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, United Kingdom
| | - Ravi Marudanayagam
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P Sutcliffe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Muiesan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, United Kingdom
| | - Darius F Mirza
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, United Kingdom
| | - John Isaac
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, United Kingdom
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29
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Tsilimigras DI, Bagante F, Sahara K, Moris D, Hyer JM, Wu L, Ratti F, Marques HP, Soubrane O, Paredes AZ, Lam V, Poultsides GA, Popescu I, Alexandrescu S, Martel G, Workneh A, Guglielmi A, Hugh T, Aldrighetti L, Endo I, Pawlik TM. Prognosis After Resection of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Stage 0, A, and B Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Assessment of the Current BCLC Classification. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:3693-3700. [PMID: 31267302 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system has been largely adopted in clinical practice, recent studies have questioned the prognostic stratification of this classification schema, as well as the proposed treatment allocation of patients with a single large tumor. METHODS Patients who underwent curative-intent hepatectomy for histologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between 1998 and 2017 were identified using an international multi-institutional database. Overall survival (OS) among patients with BCLC stage 0, A, and B was examined. Patients with a single large tumor were classified as BCLC stage A1 and were independently assessed. RESULTS Among 814 patients, 68 (8.4%) were BCLC-0, 310 (38.1%) were BCLC-A, 279 (34.3%) were BCLC-A1, and 157 (19.3%) were BCLC-B. Five-year OS among patients with BCLC stage 0, A, A1, and B HCC was 86.2%, 69.0%, 56.9%, and 49.9%, respectively (p < 0.001). Among patients with very early- and early-stage HCC (BCLC 0, A, and A1), patients with BCLC stage A1 had the worst OS (p = 0.0016). No difference in survival was noted among patients undergoing surgery for BCLC stage A1 and B HCC (5-year OS: 56.9% vs. 49.9%; p = 0.259) even after adjusting for competing factors (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.54-1.28; p = 0.40). CONCLUSION Prognosis following liver resection among patients with BCLC-A1 HCC was similar to patients presenting with BCLC-B tumors. Surgery provided acceptable long-term outcomes among select patients with BCLC-B HCC. Designation into BCLC stage B should not be considered an a priori contraindication to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Bagante
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Kota Sahara
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dimitrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Madison Hyer
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lu Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Hugo P Marques
- Department of Surgery, Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Olivier Soubrane
- Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, APHP, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Anghela Z Paredes
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vincent Lam
- Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Irinel Popescu
- Department of Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Aklile Workneh
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Tom Hugh
- Department of Surgery, The University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Itaru Endo
- Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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30
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He X, Zhang Q, Feng Y, Li Z, Pan Q, Zhao Y, Zhu W, Zhang N, Zhou J, Wang L, Wang M, Liu Z, Zhu H, Shao Z, Wang L. Resection of liver metastases from breast cancer: a multicentre analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:512-521. [PMID: 31230220 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is becoming more practical and effective than conservative treatment in improving the poor outcomes of patients with breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM). However, there is no generally acknowledged set of standards for identifying BCLM candidates who will benefit from surgery. METHODS Between January 2011 and September 2018, 67 female BCLM patients who underwent partial hepatectomy were selected for analysis in the present study. Prognostic factors after hepatectomy were determined. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of overall survival (OS) and intrahepatic recurrence-free survival (IHRFS). RESULTS The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS of patients treated with surgery was 93.5%, 73.7% and 32.2%, respectively, with a median survival time of 57.59 months. The Pringle manoeuvre [hazard radio (HR) = 0.117, 95% CI0.015-0.942, p = 0.044] and an increased interval between breast surgery and BCLM diagnosis (HR0.178, 95% CI 0.037-0.869, p = 0.033) independently predicted improved overall survival for BCLM patients. The 1-, 2- and 3-year IHRFS of patients who underwent surgery was 62.8, 32.6% and 10.9%, respectively, with a median intrahepatic recurrence-free survival time of 13.47 months. Moderately differentiated tumours (HR 0.259, 95% CI 0.078-0.857, p = 0.027) and the development of liver metastasis more than 2 years after breast surgery (HR 0.270, 95% CI 0.108-0.675, p = 0.005) might be predictors of increased IHRFS. CONCLUSIONS An interval of more than 2 years between breast cancer surgery and liver metastasis seems to be an indication of liver surgery in BCLM patients. The Pringle manoeuvre and moderately differentiated tumours are potential predictors associated with OS and IHRFS, respectively, as benefits from liver resection. Studies with increased sample sizes are warranted to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- X He
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Y Feng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Q Pan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - W Zhu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - N Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Z Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Z Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - L Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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31
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Wang MD, Li C, Li J, Zhang WG, Jiang WQ, Yu JJ, Xing H, Wu H, Han J, Li ZL, Xu XF, Chen TH, Zhou YH, Gu WM, Wang H, Zeng YY, Zhang YM, Pawlik TM, Lau WY, Wu MC, Yang JM, Shen F, Yang T. Long-Term Survival Outcomes After Liver Resection for Binodular Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter Cohort Study. Oncologist 2019; 24:e730-e739. [PMID: 31127021 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term prognosis after liver resection for multinodular (≥3 nodules) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is generally considered to be unfavorable. However, the role of liver resection for binodular HCC is less investigated. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS From a multicenter database, consecutive patients who underwent curative-intent liver resection for binodular HCC and without macrovascular invasion between 2003 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' clinical variables as well as perioperative and long-term survival outcomes were analyzed. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) after curative resection. RESULTS Of 263 enrolled patients, the perioperative 30-day mortality and morbidity rates were 1.5% and 28.5%. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and RFS rates were 81.5%, 52.4%, and 39.1% and 57.1%, 35.8%, and 26.6%, respectively. Multivariable Cox-regression analyses identified preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level >400 μg/L, tumor size with a sum of two nodules >8 cm, tumor size ratio of large/small nodule >1.5 (asymmetrical proportion), unilateral hemiliver distribution of two nodules, distance of ≤3 cm between two nodules, and microvascular invasion in any nodule as independent risk factors associated with decreased OS and RFS. CONCLUSION Liver resection was safe and feasible in patients with binodular HCC, with acceptable perioperative and long-term outcomes. Sum of two tumor sizes, size ratio and distribution, and distance between two nodules were independent risk factors associated with long-term survival outcomes after surgery. These results may guide clinicians to make individualized surgical decisions and estimate long-term prognosis for these patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Liver resection was safe and feasible in patients with binodular hepatocellular carcinoma, with acceptable perioperative and long-term outcomes. The sum of two tumor sizes, the size ratio and distribution of the two nodules, and the distance between two nodules were independent risk factors associated with long-term overall survival and recurrence-free survival after liver resection. The results of this study may guide clinicians to make individualized surgical decisions, estimate long-term prognosis, and plan recurrence surveillance and adjuvant therapy for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Da Wang
- The 1st Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- The 1st Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- The 1st Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Guang Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qin Jiang
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong-Jie Yu
- The 1st Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xing
- The 1st Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wu
- The 1st Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Han
- The 1st Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Li Li
- The 1st Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Fei Xu
- The 1st Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ziyang First People's Hospital, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Hao Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Gu
- The First Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Liuyang People's Hospital, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Yi Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Ming Zhang
- The Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hosptial), Meizhou Hospital to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- The 1st Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- The 1st Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Mei Yang
- The 1st Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Shen
- The 1st Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Yang
- The 1st Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Kow AWC. Transplantation versus liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4:33. [PMID: 31231700 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common solid cancers in the world. Its treatment strategies have evolved significantly over the past few decades but the best treatment outcomes remain in the surgical arena. Especially for early HCCs, the options are abundant. However, surgical resection and liver transplantation provide the best long-term survival. In addition, there are evidence the ablative therapy such as radiofrequency ablation, could provide equivalent outcome as compared to resection. However, HCC is a unique malignancy as the majority of patients develop this cancer in the background of cirrhotic livers. As such, the treatment consideration should not only look at the oncological perspective but also the functional status of the liver parenchyma, i.e., the state of cirrhosis and presence of portal hypertension. Even with the most widely adopted staging systems for HCC such as the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system and many other staging systems, none of them are ideal in including the various considerations for patients with HCCs. In this article, the key issues between choosing surgical resection and liver transplantation are discussed. A comprehensive review of the current surgical options are outlined in order to explore the pros and cons of each option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Wei Chieh Kow
- Division of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, National University Health System Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Wang L, Ke Q, Lin N, Zeng Y, Liu J. Does postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization benefit for all patients with hepatocellular carcinoma combined with microvascular invasion: a meta-analysis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:528-537. [PMID: 31081401 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2019.1610794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients combined with microvascular invasion (MVI). Patients and methods: Eligible studies were searched by PubMed, MedLine, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2018, comparing the overall survival (OS) rates and disease-free survival (DFS) rates between postoperative adjuvant TACE and operation only for HCC patients with MVI. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine the effect size. Results: Eight studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including 774 patients in the postoperative adjuvant TACE group and 856 patients in the operation only group. The pooled HR for the OS and DFS rates were significantly different between the postoperative adjuvant TACE group and the operation only group (HR 0.57, 95%CI 0.48 ∼ 0.68, p < .00001; HR 0.66, 95%CI 0.58 ∼ 0.74, p < .00001; respectively). However, in the subgroup analysis stratified by proportion of multiple-nodules, no significant differences were observed in the pooled HR for the OS/DFS rates between the postoperative adjuvant TACE group and the operation only group (HR 0.83, 95%CI 0.60 ∼ 1.13, p = .23; HR 0.76, 95%CI 0.41 ∼ 1.40, p = .37; respectively). Conclusions: Postoperative adjuvant TACE will benefit patients with HCC and MVI, but not for multiple-HCC with MVI. However, more high-quality studies are warranted to validate the conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China.,b Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Qiao Ke
- b Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Nanping Lin
- b Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- b Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- b Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China.,c Liver Disease Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
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34
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Chen S, Jin H, Dai Z, Wei M, Xiao H, Su T, Li B, Liu X, Wang Y, Li J, Shen S, Zhou Q, Peng B, Peng Z, Peng S. Liver resection versus transarterial chemoembolization for the treatment of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1530-1539. [PMID: 30864247 PMCID: PMC6488138 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as the standard treatment for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is being challenged by increasing studies supporting liver resection (LR); but evidence of survival benefits of LR is lacking. We aimed to compare the overall survival (OS) of LR with that of TACE for the treatment of intermediate-stage HCC in cirrhotic patients. METHODS A Markov model, comparing LR with TACE over 15 years, was developed based on the data from 31 literatures. Additionally, external validation of the model was performed using a data set (n = 1735; LR: 701; TACE: 1034) from a tertiary center with propensity score matching method. We conducted one-way and two-way sensitivity analyses, in addition to a Monte Carlo analysis with 10 000 patients allocated into each arm. RESULTS The mean expected survival times and survival rates at 5 years were 77.8 months and 47.1% in LR group, and 48.6 months and 25.7% in TACE group, respectively. Sensitivity analyses found that initial LR was the most favorable treatment. The 95% CI for the difference in OS was 2.42-2.46 years between the two groups (P < 0.001). In the validation set, the 5-year survival rates after LR were significantly better than those after TACE before (40.2% vs. 25.9%, P < 0.001) and after matching (43.2% vs 30.9%, P < 0.001), which was comparable to the model results. CONCLUSIONS For cirrhotic patients with resectable intermediate-stage HCC, LR may provide survival benefit over TACE, but large-scale studies are required to further stratify patients at this stage for different optimal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Chen
- Division of Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Dai
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengchao Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianhong Su
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaping Li
- Department of Interventional Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunli Shen
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baogang Peng
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Peng
- Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Donadon M, Fontana A, Procopio F, Del Fabbro D, Cimino M, Viganò L, Palmisano A, Torzilli G. Dissecting the multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma subset: is there a survival benefit after hepatectomy? Updates Surg 2019; 71:57-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s13304-019-00626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Labadie KP, Schaub SK, Khorsand D, Johnson G, Apisarnthanarax S, Park JO. Multidisciplinary approach for multifocal, bilobar hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and literature review. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:119-126. [PMID: 30705724 PMCID: PMC6354116 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i1.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most lethal malignancy worldwide. There has been virtually no change in the survivability of HCC in spite of improvement in therapies. Surgery is considered the ideal first, curative intervention, however most patients present in advanced stages with unresectable disease. Therefore, systemic and liver-directed non-operative therapies are initially offered to downstage the disease. To ensure optimal management, a multidisciplinary team approach is often warranted. Our case highlights the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach in a young woman with multifocal, bilobar HCC.
CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old Chinese woman with untreated hepatitis B was found to have large bilobar HCC during work up for abdominal pain. Her initial serum alpha-fetoprotein was significantly elevated to 311136 ng/mL. Computed tomography scan demonstrated bulky bilobar liver masses, consistent with intermediate stage HCC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage B. Her case was discussed and a personalized care plan was developed at the Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Minimally Invasive Liver Oncologic Therapies at the University of Washington. She initially underwent bilobar transarterial chemoembolization with partial response of the left lobar tumor. Salvage hypofractionated proton beam radiation therapy was delivered to the right lobe followed by two additional transarterial chemoembolizations to the left lobe with good response. Finally, to remove left lobar residual disease, she was taken to the operating room for a left hepatectomy eleven months after her initial presentation. She continues to be without evidence of disease.
CONCLUSION Coordinating the multiple HCC treatment modalities is complex and our case highlights the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Labadie
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Stephanie K Schaub
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Derek Khorsand
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Guy Johnson
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Smith Apisarnthanarax
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - James O Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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Li ZL, Yu JJ, Guo JW, Sui CJ, Dai BH, Zhang WG, Chen TH, Li C, Gu WM, Zhou YH, Wang H, Zhang YM, Mao XH, Pawlik TM, Wang MD, Liang L, Wu H, Lau WY, Wu MC, Shen F, Yang T. Liver resection is justified for multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma in selected patients with cirrhosis: A multicenter analysis of 1,066 patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018; 45:800-807. [PMID: 30594407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of liver resection for multinodular (≥3 nodules) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear, especially among patients with severe underlying liver disease. We sought to evaluate surgical outcomes among patients with cirrhosis and multinodular HCC undergoing liver resection. METHODS Using a multicenter database, outcomes among cirrhotic patients who underwent curative-intent resection of HCC were examined stratified according to the presence or absence of multinodular disease. Perioperative mortality and morbidity, as well as overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Among 1066 cirrhotic patients, 906 (85.0%) had single- or double-nodular HCC (the non-multinodular group), while 160 (15.0%) had multinodular HCC (the multinodular group). There were no differences in postoperative 30-day mortality and morbidity among non-multinodular versus multinodular patients (1.8% vs. 1.9%, P = 0.923, and 36.0% vs. 39.4%, P = 0.411, respectively). In contrast, 5-year OS and RFS of multinodular patients were worse compared with non-multinodular patients (34.6% vs. 58.2%, and 24.7% vs. 44.5%, both P < 0.001). On multivariable analyses, tumor numbers ≥5, total tumor diameter ≥8 cm and microvascular invasion were independent risk factors for decreased OS and RFS after resection of multinodular HCC in cirrhotic patients. CONCLUSIONS Liver resection can be safely performed for multinodular HCC in the setting of cirrhosis with an overall 5-year survival of 34.6%. Tumor number ≥5, total tumor diameter ≥8 cm and microvascular invasion were independently associated with decreased OS and RFS after resection in cirrhotic patients with multinodular HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Li Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong-Jie Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Wu Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Jun Sui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Hua Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Guang Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting-Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ziyang First People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Min Gu
- The First Department of General Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ya-Hao Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Liuyang People's Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Yao-Ming Zhang
- The Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Hai Mao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ming-Da Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Minimal-invasive versus open hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of postoperative outcomes and long-term survivals using propensity score matching analysis. Surg Oncol 2018; 27:751-758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Giovanardi F, Lai Q, Bertacco A, Vitale A. Resection for hepatocellular cancer: overpassing old barriers. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:64. [PMID: 30363682 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2018.09.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have shown that the selection limits commonly used for patients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) potentially requiring a liver resection (LR) are too restrictive. The present review aims at investigating the studies showing that LR is no longer a treatment suitable only for highly selected patients, but also for patients selectively presenting one-to-more negative factors. Several specific variables have been investigated, none of them showing to be an absolute contraindication for LR: age; single vs. multiple diseases; the dimension of the nodule; hyperbilirubinemia; clinically relevant portal hypertension; Child-Pugh status; macrovascular invasion. As a consequence, LR for the treatment of HCC-on-cirrhosis is a safe and effective procedure not only in "ideal cases", but also for selected patients presenting risk factors. The presence of only one of these factors does not represent an absolute contraindication for LR. On the opposite, the contemporaneous presence of risk factors should contraindicate the procedure. Further studies investigating the "borderline" cases are required, mainly looking at the possible decisive role of laparoscopy in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giovanardi
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Quirino Lai
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bertacco
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University, Padua, Italy
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Matsukuma S, Sakamoto K, Tokuhisa Y, Tokumitsu Y, Matsui H, Kanekiyo S, Tomochika S, Iida M, Suzuki N, Takeda S, Ueno T, Wada H, Kobayashi S, Saeki I, Eguchi H, Sakon M, Sakaida I, Nagano H. Outcomes following liver resection for multinodular Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer-B hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6383-6392. [PMID: 30344760 PMCID: PMC6176380 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the intermediate Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC)-B stage is controversial. The aim of the present study as to identify the subgroup of patients with BCLC-B HCC who could benefit from liver resection. The present study retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 65 patients (training cohort) who underwent liver resection for multinodular BCLC-B HCC. Cox's regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent prognostic factors for overall survival and to develop the prognostic score. As some authors have reported that maximum tumor size (cm) plus tumor number (N+S) is a prognostic factor in patients with BCLC-B HCC who undergo chemoembolization, the usefulness of this factor in patients who underwent liver resection was also evaluated. Subsequently, the validity of the prognostic score was assessed in an independent validation cohort (n=132). Multivariate analysis revealed that positivity for hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-ab), platelet count ≤1010/l, N+S >8, and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) >400 mAU/ml were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. The prognostic score differentiated two groups (≤2, ≥3) with distinct outcomes (median survival time 68.3 months vs. 29.1 months; P<0.0001). This result was confirmed in an external validation cohort. Therefore, surgery can promote long-term survival in patients with multinodular HCC although the indications for surgery are limited. HCV-Ab status, preoperative platelet count, DCP level and N+S may be useful for patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Matsukuma
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tokuhisa
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yukio Tokumitsu
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroto Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kanekiyo
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tomochika
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Michihisa Iida
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tomio Ueno
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Issei Saeki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Sakon
- Department of Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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Koh YX, Tan HL, Lye WK, Kam JH, Chiow AKH, Tan SS, Choo SP, Chung AYF, Goh BKP. Systematic review of the outcomes of surgical resection for intermediate and advanced Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage hepatocellular carcinoma: A critical appraisal of the evidence. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:433-447. [PMID: 29988922 PMCID: PMC6033716 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i6.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To perform a systematic review to determine the survival outcomes after curative resection of intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC).
METHODS A systematic review of the published literature was performed using the PubMed database from 1st January 1999 to 31st Dec 2014 to identify studies that reported outcomes of liver resection as the primary curative treatment for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B or C HCC. The primary end point was to determine the overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) of liver resection of HCC in BCLC stage B or C in patients with adequate liver reserve (i.e., Child’s A or B status). The secondary end points were to assess the morbidity and mortality of liver resection in large HCC (defined as lesions larger than 10 cm in diameter) and to compare the OS and DFS after surgical resection of solitary vs multifocal HCC.
RESULTS We identified 74 articles which met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this systematic review. Analysis of the resection outcomes of the included studies were grouped according to (1) BCLC stage B or C HCC, (2) Size of HCC and (3) multifocal tumors. The median 5-year OS of BCLC stage B was 38.7% (range 10.0-57.0); while the median 5-year OS of BCLC stage C was 20.0% (range 0.0-42.0). The collective median 5-year OS of both stages was 27.9% (0.0-57.0). In examining the morbidity and mortality following liver resection in large HCC, the pooled RR for morbidity [RR (95%CI) = 1.00 (0.76-1.31)] and mortality [RR (95%CI) = 1.15 (0.73-1.80)] were not significant. Within the spectrum of BCLC B and C lesions, tumors greater than 10 cm were reported to have median 5-year OS of 33.0% and multifocal lesions 54.0%.
CONCLUSION Indication for surgical resection should be extended to BCLC stage B lesions in selected patients. Further studies are needed to stratify stage C lesions for resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xin Koh
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Hwee Leong Tan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Weng Kit Lye
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Juinn Huar Kam
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kah Heng Chiow
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Siong San Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Su Pin Choo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Alexander Yaw Fui Chung
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Brian Kim Poh Goh
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Role of liver resection in treating intermediate and advanced stage adolescent and young adult hepatocellular carcinoma patients: A propensity-matching cohort study. Int J Surg 2018; 54:259-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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43
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Garancini M, Nespoli S, Romano F, Uggeri F, Degrate L, Okolicsanyi S, Gianotti L. Surgical management of hepatocellular carcinoma within and beyond BCLC indications in a middle volume center. J Visc Surg 2018; 155:275-282. [PMID: 29606603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Current criteria for hepatic resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to Barcellona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification is debated. Actually, patients with multinodular or large HCC>5cm are excluded from surgical treatment following the algorithm, but several studies from referral centers showed that such patients may benefit from surgical resection in the clinical practice. The aim of this study was to compare short- and long-term outcomes after liver resection for HCC in stage 0/A or B in a middle volume center. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were grouped according to BCLC classification. Postoperative mortality, morbidity, overall and disease-free survival, univariate analysis of prognostic factors on survival was analyzed. RESULTS Among 66 surgical procedures in 64 patients included in the study, 41 were BCLC stage 0/A (62.1%) and 25 BCLC stage B (37.9%). The overall 30- and the 90-days mortality rates were 1.5% and 3%. Patients in BCLC stage B had higher transfusion rate (P=0.04) but similar morbidity and mortality compared to patients in BCLC stage 0/A. After a median follow-up of 35 months (range: 14-147), the overall survival at 1, 3 and 5 years resulted 95%, 61.1%, 46.2% for stage 0-A and 83.3%, 50%, 41.2% for stage B (P=0.73). Univariate analysis identified poorly differentiated tumors (P=0.02) and positive margin (P=0.02) as negative prognostic factors on survival. CONCLUSIONS Surgical treatment of HCC in BCLC stage B offers similar results than the ones in BCLC stage 0/A and consequently should not be considered contraindicated for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garancini
- Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MI, Italy.
| | - S Nespoli
- Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MI, Italy
| | - F Romano
- Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MI, Italy
| | - F Uggeri
- Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MI, Italy
| | - L Degrate
- Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MI, Italy
| | - S Okolicsanyi
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Gerardo Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MI, Italy
| | - L Gianotti
- Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MI, Italy
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Hepatic resection after transarterial chemoembolization increases overall survival in large/multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study. Oncotarget 2018; 8:408-417. [PMID: 27880724 PMCID: PMC5352129 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prognosis of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) followed by hepatic resection (HR) in large/multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the medical records of consecutive HCC patients who underwent TACE between January 2006 and December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who received TACE alone comprised the T group (61 patients), while those who received HR after TACE comprised the T+R group (49 patients). All the resections were successfully performed, and only one class V complication occurred. While liver function was altered from baseline within 1 week after HR, it recovered within 1 month. Overall survival (OS) of the T+R and T groups were compared, and sub-group analyses were performed based on baseline α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, the reduction of AFP, and tumor response before HR. Overall survival (OS) in the T+R group was longer than in the T group (47.00 ± 2.87 vs. 20.00 ± 1.85 months, P < 0.001). OS in the T+R group with AFP reduction was less than 50%, and OS among those with a poor tumor response before HR did not differ from the T group (P > 0.05). These patients may not benefit from the combined treatment. Our findings suggest HR after TACE is safe and effective for large/multifocal HCC, and prolongs OS when compared to TACE alone.
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Quality of life after hepatic resection. Br J Surg 2018; 105:237-243. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Long-term quality of life (QoL) after liver resection is becoming increasingly important, as improvements in operative methods and perioperative care have decreased morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, postoperative QoL after resection of benign or malignant liver tumours was evaluated.
Methods
In this single-centre study, QoL was evaluated prospectively using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and the liver-specific QLQ-LMC21 module before, and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after open or laparoscopic liver surgery.
Results
Between June 2007 and January 2013, 188 patients (130 with malignant and 58 with benign tumours) requiring major liver resection were included. Global health status was no different between the two groups before and 1 month after liver resection. All patients showed an improvement in global health status at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Patients with benign tumours had better global health status than those with malignant tumours at these time points (P < 0·001, P = 0·002 and P = 0·006 respectively). Patients with benign disease had better physical function scores (P = 0·011, P = 0·025 and P = 0·041) and lower fatigue scores (P = 0·001, P = 0·002 and P = 0·002) at 3, 6 and 12 months than those with malignant disease.
Conclusion
This study confirmed overall good QoL in patients undergoing liver resection for benign or malignant tumours, which improved after surgery. Benign diseases were associated with better short- and long-term QoL scores.
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Li J, Jin J, Liao M, Dang W, Chen X, Wu Y, Liao W. Upregulation of RECQL4 expression predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541191 PMCID: PMC5835851 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous cDNA microarray experiments revealed that the ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q4 (RECQL4) gene is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. However, the exact role of RECQL4 in HCC remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate RECQL4 expression in HCC and to analyze the potential clinical implications of RECQL4 expression in HCC patients. The expression of RECQL4 mRNA was assessed in 205 samples of HCC tissues by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that the expression of RECQL4 mRNA in HCC tissues was significantly higher compared with adjacent normal liver tissues (P<0.001). The level of RECQL4 mRNA expression was associated with high a-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (>100 ng/ml), tumor size (>6 cm), and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that HCC patients with higher levels of RECQL4 expression exhibited significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) times compared with those with low levels of expression. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that high RECQL4 expression was a significant independent predictor for DFS [HR, 1.635; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.062–2.515; P=0.025] and OS (HR, 1.618; 95% CI, 1.050–2.493; P=0.029) of HCC patients. These data indicated that RECQL4 might be a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Minjun Liao
- First Clinical Academy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Xinhuang Chen
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Wu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Liao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
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Mizandari M, Kumar J, Pai M, Chikovani T, Azrumelashvili T, Reccia I, Habib N. Interventional radiofrequency ablation: A promising therapeutic modality in the management of malignant biliary and pancreatic duct obstruction. J Cancer 2018; 9:629-637. [PMID: 29556320 PMCID: PMC5858484 DOI: 10.7150/jca.23280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malignant biliary and/or pancreatic obstruction has often encountered in the advanced stages of periampullary and cholangicarcinomas. HabibTM Radiofrequency (RF) ablation has been successfully used in the management of various cancers of liver and pancreas. Percutaneous HPB probe (EMcision Ltd, London, UK) is a new addition to this class of tools. It is an endoluminal Radiofrequency (RF) catheter which works on the principle of ablation and induces coagulative necrosis to recanalize the obstructed duct. The aim of this study is to address the technical details of canalization, feasibilities and outcomes of percutaneous endo-luminal Radiofrequency (RF) catheter in patients with unresectable malignancy with obstructed bile and pancreatic duct (PD). Material and Method: A total of 134 patients with inoperable malignant obstruction of biliary and PD underwent RF based percutaneous endoluminal RF ablation in a tertiary referral centre between December 15th, 2010 to August 7th, 2015. This device was used in a sequential manner with an intent to recanalize the obstructed. Following the initial catheter drainage of the duct, subsequent percutaneous endobiliary RF ablation, the metallic stent was placed to recanalize the obstructed bile and PD secondary to unresectable malignancy under real-time fluoroscopic guidance. Results: The percutaneous RF based ablation of obstructed bile duct and PD with metallic stent placement was successfully achieved in 130 (97.01%) cases. The three failures were noted in cases of biliary obstruction whilst, one with PD obstruction. The patency restored in 124 and patients, where the procedure was successfully completed and revealed clinical improvement reported. Conclusion: The percutaneous endoluminal RF based ablation of obstructed duct with metallic stent placement appeared to be a safe, effective procedure and may improve survival in patients with advanced stage cancer presenting with biliary and PD obstruction. Considering the above mentioned evidence, this modality may stand ahead of stenting alone. This could be considered as viable modality in management of such patients where very limited treatment options are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mizandari
- Department of Radiology, Tbilisi State Medical University (TSMU), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - J Kumar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Pai
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T Chikovani
- Department of Immunology, Tbilisi State Medical University (TSMU), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - T Azrumelashvili
- Department of Radiology, Tbilisi State Medical University (TSMU), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - I Reccia
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N Habib
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Orcutt ST, Anaya DA. Liver Resection and Surgical Strategies for Management of Primary Liver Cancer. Cancer Control 2018; 25:1073274817744621. [PMID: 29327594 PMCID: PMC5933574 DOI: 10.1177/1073274817744621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer-including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC)-incidence is increasing and is an important source of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Management of these cancers, even when localized, is challenging due to the association with underlying liver disease and the complex anatomy of the liver. Although for ICC, surgical resection provides the only potential cure, for HCC, the risks and benefits of the multiple curative intent options must be considered to individualize treatment based upon tumor factors, baseline liver function, and the functional status of the patient. The principles of surgical resection for both HCC and ICC include margin-negative resections with preservation of adequate function of the residual liver. As the safety of surgical resection has improved in recent years, the role of liver resection for HCC has expanded to include selected patients with preserved liver function and small tumors (ablation as an alternative), tumors within Milan criteria (transplant as an alternative), and patients with large (>5 cm) and giant (>10 cm) HCC or with poor prognostic features (for whom surgery is infrequently offered) due to a survival benefit with resection for selected patients. An important surgical consideration specifically for ICC includes the high risk of nodal metastasis, for which portal lymphadenectomy is recommended at the time of hepatectomy for staging. For both diseases, onco-surgical strategies including portal vein embolization and parenchymal-sparing resections have increased the number of patients eligible for curative liver resection by improving patient outcomes. Multidisciplinary evaluation is critical in the management of patients with primary liver cancer to provide and coordinate the best treatments possible for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia T. Orcutt
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Daniel A. Anaya
- Section of Hepatobiliary Tumors, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Ziogas IA, Tsoulfas G. Advances and challenges in laparoscopic surgery in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 9:233-245. [PMID: 29359029 PMCID: PMC5752958 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v9.i12.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common malignancy and the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. From the wide variety of treatment options, surgical resection and liver transplantation are the only therapeutic ones. However, due to shortage of liver grafts, surgical resection is the most common therapeutic modality implemented. Owing to rapid technological development, minimally invasive approaches have been incorporated in liver surgery. Liver laparoscopic resection has been evaluated in comparison to the open technique and has been shown to be superior because of the reported decrease in surgical incision length and trauma, blood loss, operating theatre time, postsurgical pain and complications, R0 resection, length of stay, time to recovery and oral intake. It has been reported that laparoscopic excision is a safe and feasible approach with near zero mortality and oncologic outcomes similar to open resection. Nevertheless, current indications include solid tumors in the periphery < 5 cm, especially in segments II through VI, while according to the consensus laparoscopic major hepatectomy should only be performed by surgeons with high expertise in laparoscopic and hepatobiliary surgery in tertiary centers. It is necessary for a surgeon to surpass the 60-cases learning curve observed in order to accomplish the desirable outcomes and preserve patient safety. In this review, our aim is to thoroughly describe the general principles and current status of laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Ziogas
- Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54453, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsoulfas
- Associate Professor of Surgery, 1st Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54453, Greece
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Zhuang L, Wen T, Xu M, Yang J, Wang W, Wu H, Zeng Y, Yan L, Wei Y, Li B. Sorafenib combined with hepatectomy in patients with intermediate-stage and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1383-1393. [PMID: 29181069 PMCID: PMC5701699 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.71066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guidelines based on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification system recommend that hepatic resection should be performed only in patients in BCLC stage A. Patients with stage B or stage C should receive palliative or no treatment. However, actual clinical practice varies, and a recent analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surgery outcomes in high volume surgical centers throughout the world concluded that hepatectomy can provide survival benefit for selected patients in all three BCLC stages. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of adjuvant sorafenib after hepatic resection in patients with intermediate-stage and advanced HCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a retrospective case-control study involving 81 patients with intermediate/advanced HCC, 27 who received sorafenib 400 mg BID (median duration 7.33 months) following hepatic resection were compared with a matched group of 54 patients who received hepatic resection only. Overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) were evaluated over a median follow-up time of 14.5 months. RESULTS The median OS was significantly longer in the surgery+sorafenib group than in the surgery-only group (18.6 vs. 11.9 months, respectively; p = 0.014). However, the median TTR did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (p = 0.291). CONCLUSIONS Sorafenib is effective as adjuvant therapy after liver resection in intermediate-stage and advanced HCC, and can be considered a viable treatment option following surgery in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhuang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tianfu Wen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mingqing Xu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lvnan Yan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yonggang Wei
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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