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Martin OA, Anderson RL, Narayan K, MacManus MP. Does the mobilization of circulating tumour cells during cancer therapy cause metastasis? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2016; 14:32-44. [PMID: 27550857 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite progressive improvements in the management of patients with locoregionally confined, advanced-stage solid tumours, distant metastasis remains a very common - and usually fatal - mode of failure after attempted curative treatment. Surgery and radiotherapy are the primary curative modalities for these patients, often combined with each other and/or with chemotherapy. Distant metastasis occurring after treatment can arise from previously undetected micrometastases or, alternatively, from persistent locoregional disease. Another possibility is that treatment itself might sometimes cause or promote metastasis. Surgical interventions in patients with cancer, including biopsies, are commonly associated with increased concentrations of circulating tumour cells (CTCs). High CTC numbers are associated with an unfavourable prognosis in many cancers. Radiotherapy and systemic antitumour therapies might also mobilize CTCs. We review the preclinical and clinical data concerning cancer treatments, CTC mobilization and other factors that might promote metastasis. Contemporary treatment regimens represent the best available curative options for patients who might otherwise die from locally confined, advanced-stage cancers; however, if such treatments can promote metastasis, this process must be understood and addressed therapeutically to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Martin
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kailash Narayan
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Michael P MacManus
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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Denève E, Riethdorf S, Ramos J, Nocca D, Coffy A, Daurès JP, Maudelonde T, Fabre JM, Pantel K, Alix-Panabières C. Capture of viable circulating tumor cells in the liver of colorectal cancer patients. Clin Chem 2013; 59:1384-92. [PMID: 23695297 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.202846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients are lower than in other cancer types, which may point to a particular biology of colorectal cancer affecting CTC detection. METHODS We detected CTCs in the peripheral and mesenteric blood of colorectal cancer patients by use of 2 independent technologies on the basis of different biological properties of colon cancer cells. Seventy-five patients diagnosed with localized (M0, n = 60) and metastatic (M1, n = 15) colorectal cancer were included. Peripheral and mesenteric blood samples were collected before tumor resection. We performed CTC enumeration with an EpCAM-independent enrichment method followed by the Epispot assay that detected only viable CK19-releasing CTCs. In parallel, we used the FDA-cleared EpCAM-dependent CellSearch® as the reference method. RESULTS The enumeration of CK19-releasing cells by the CK19-Epispot assay revealed viable CTCs in 27 of 41 (65.9%) and 41 of 74 (55.4%) (P = 0.04) patients in mesenteric and peripheral blood, respectively, whereas CellSearch detected CTCs in 19 of 34 (55.9%) and 20 of 69 (29.0%) (P = 0.0046) patients. In mesenteric blood, medians of 4 (range 0-247) and 2.7 CTCs (range 0-286) were found with Epispot and CellSearch (P = 0.2), respectively, whereas in peripheral blood, Epispot and CellSearch detected a median of 1.2 (range 0-92) and 0 CTCs (range 0-147) (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS A considerable portion of viable CTCs detectable by the Epispot assay are trapped in the liver as the first filter organ in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Denève
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
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Akagi Y, Kinugasa T, Adachi Y, Shirouzu K. Prognostic significance of isolated tumor cells in patients with colorectal cancer in recent 10-year studies. Mol Clin Oncol 2013; 1:582-592. [PMID: 24649214 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2013.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that detach from the primary tumor and move into the circulation are detected in patients with metastatic cancer. The discovery of such cancer cells has been used as a predictor of recurrence and prognosis, although a consensus regarding such applications has not been reached. Peritoneal cytology may be used for identifying high risk of recurrence or mortality, whereas the intraoperative presence of tumor cells in drainage veins, bone marrow, or the liver is not always useful for evaluating the prognosis. The reported positive rate for tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer, including metastasis, has varied from 10 to 80%; however, numerous studies have demonstrated significant differences in the recurrence and mortality rates between patients with and without isolated tumor cells (ITCs) in the peripheral blood. However, the clinical significance of CTCs as an absolute prognostic factor has not been elucidated, since the measurement methodologies and/or the number of cases differed between the studies. Future prospective studies including larger patient populations may elucidate the utility of routine detection of ITCs in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Akagi
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Kinugasa
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yosuke Adachi
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shirouzu
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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Disseminated and circulating tumor cells in gastrointestinal oncology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011; 82:103-15. [PMID: 21680197 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) are two different steps in the metastatic process. Several recent techniques have allowed detection of these cells in patients, and have generated many results using different isolation techniques in small cohorts. Herein, we review the detection results and their clinical consequence in esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, colorectal, and liver carcinomas, and discuss their possible applications as new biomarkers.
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Buxhofer-Ausch V, Ausch C, Kitzweger E, Mollik M, Reiner-Concin A, Ogris E, Stampfl M, Hamilton G, Schiessel R, Hinterberger W. Spontaneous changes in tumour cell dissemination to bone marrow in colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2010; 12:776-82. [PMID: 19456841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.01950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to evaluate the incidence of disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM) preoperatively and during follow up and to correlate these with established risk factors in patients with colorectal cancer. METHOD We prospectively studied BM in 57 patients using the anti-cytokeratin antibody A45-B/B3. RESULTS The overall detection rate of DTCs was 23% with a similar detection rate through all stages of the disease. No significant association was found between the presence of DTCs and clinicopathological parameters. After a median follow up of 35.4 months, no differences were found in relapse and overall survival between patients with and without DTC preoperatively. In 31 of 45 patients with local disease, we performed a follow-up BM examination after 1 year. In 26% of the patients, the BM status had changed as compared with the preoperative finding. CONCLUSION This is the first study to report the follow up of DTC in BM in colorectal cancer using the A45-B/B3 antibody. The presence of tumour cells in the preoperative BM had no impact on outcome. The BM status had changed after 12 months in a quarter of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Buxhofer-Ausch
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Ludwig Boltzmann Society, Donauspital, Langobardenstrasse 122, 1220 Vienna.
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Kupcsulik P. [Liver surgery]. Magy Seb 2008; 61:359-74. [PMID: 19073492 DOI: 10.1556/maseb.61.2008.6.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Kupcsulik
- Semmelweis Egyetem I. sz. Sebészeti Klinika Budapest, Hungary
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