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Fenwick A, Black C, Linehan V, Gala-Lopez BL, Costa AF. Resection of colorectal carcinoma liver metastases: A population-based study in outcomes and factors associated with recurrent disease. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024; 53:481-487. [PMID: 38702281 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the hepatic disease-free survival (HDFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients who underwent resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) in our population, and evaluate what factors are associated with these outcomes. METHODS Patients with resected non-mucinous CRCLM between January 2013-February 2020 were retrospectively identified. Dates of diagnosis, surgery, and, if applicable, death were recorded. HDFS and OS were calculated using a census date of 24 September 2022. Separate Cox multivariate regression analyses were performed to evaluate for association between HDFS and OS and the following factors: pre-operative imaging interval (<4 weeks vs. ≥4 weeks); pre-operative imaging modality (CT only vs. MRI+CT); extrahepatic disease at time of hepatectomy (yes vs. no); tumor burden score (TBS, where TBS2 = (largest axial dimension of CRCLM)2 + (number of CRCLM)2); pT and pN; and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS 137 subjects (mean age, 61 ± 11 years, 86 males) were included. Associations with recurrent hepatic disease were found with chemotherapy (HR 2.11[95 % CI = 1.13-3.92]), TBS (HR 1.30[95 % CI = 1.17-1.45]), MRI+CT (HR 2.12[95 % CI = 1.29-3.48]), and extrahepatic disease at hepatectomy (HR 2.16[95 % CI = 1.08-4.35]). For mortality, associations were found with TBS (HR 1.22[95 % CI = 1.09-1.37]), pT (HR 1.45[95 % CI = 1.05-2.00]), and extrahepatic disease at hepatectomy (HR 2.10[95 % CI = 1.31-3.36]). CONCLUSION In our population, non-imaging related factors TBS, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, pT and presence of extrahepatic disease at time of hepatectomy were associated with HDFS and/or OS. The preoperative imaging interval and use of preoperative MRI were not associated with improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fenwick
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University. Victoria General Building, 3rd floor, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 2Y9
| | - Curtis Black
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University. Victoria General Building, 3rd floor, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 2Y9
| | - Victoria Linehan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University. Victoria General Building, 3rd floor, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 2Y9
| | - Boris L Gala-Lopez
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University. Victoria General Building, 3rd floor, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 2Y9; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute. Suite 2L-A2, Tupper Link, 5850 College Street P.O. Box 15000 Halifax, NS B3H 4R2
| | - Andreu F Costa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University. Victoria General Building, 3rd floor, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 2Y9..
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Yuan C, Zeng L, Duan H, Suksatit B. Meta-analysis of the prognostic value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases after hepatectomy. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024; 33:334-346. [PMID: 37997904 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a broad-spectrum tumor marker for differential diagnosis, monitoring, and response assessment of a variety of malignancies. This meta-analysis was aimed at evaluating whether serum CEA could predict the prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) before and after liver resection (LR). METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were systematically searched to retrieve literature, with a search cutoff date of 27 February 2023. Articles were strictly screened for inclusion according to pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were pooled and analyzed using Stata 16.0. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 36 studies involving a total of 11 143 CRCLM patients. The results showed that a high pre-LR serum CEA level was correlated with poor overall survival (OS: HR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.49-1.75, P < 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (RFS: HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.11-1.45, P < 0.001) in CRCLM patients. A high post-LR serum CEA level predicted poor overall survival (OS: HR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.10-3.38, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION High preoperative and postoperative serum CEA levels in patients with CRCLM were significantly associated with poor prognosis, independent of treatment modality, mode of analysis, case origin, and cutoff value classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhao Yuan
- Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Lumin Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongxiang Duan
- Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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Wach MM, Washburn LA, Alvikas J, Qu LT, Zhang M, Etherington MS, Rieser C, Haykal T, Pingpank JF, Zureikat AH, Geller DA, Hoehn RS, Tohme S. Combined hepatic resection and ablation for high burden of colorectal liver metastases demonstrates safety and durable survival. HPB (Oxford) 2024; 26:362-369. [PMID: 38008683 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic resection (HR) and thermal ablation of Colorectal Liver Metastases (CRLM) have each individually demonstrated safety and survival benefit. We sought to provide our experience with the combination of HR + ablation within one operation for patients with multiple CRLM. METHODS Review of a single institution database of patients who underwent HR + ablation between 2010 and 2019. RESULTS 161 patients were identified who underwent HR + ablation for isolated CRLM (mean age: 59, male 63.4%). 125 (77.6%) patients had bilobar disease and 92 (57.1%) patients had ≥5 tumors. 28 (17.4%) patients experienced minor (grade 1 or 2) complications while 20 (12.4%) had grade 3-5 complications. Patients who underwent simultaneous colon resection with HR + ablation had a higher complication rate (22 of 47, 46.8%) than those undergoing HR + ablation only (26 of 114, 22.8%, p = 0.002). Median and 5-year OS for all patients undergoing HR + ablation was 38.2 months and 33.2%, respectively. 5-year hepatic recurrence free survival was 23.5%. Patients with 5 or more tumors demonstrated no difference in median survival compared to those with fewer than 5 tumors (37.0 months vs 38.4 months, p = 0.326). CONCLUSIONS In this population of CRLM patients with a relatively high burden of disease, HR + ablation demonstrated an acceptable safety profile as well as durable long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Wach
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura A Washburn
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jurgis Alvikas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Linda T Qu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michelle Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark S Etherington
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Caroline Rieser
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tony Haykal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James F Pingpank
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amer H Zureikat
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Richard S Hoehn
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samer Tohme
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Underwood PW, Ruff SM, Pawlik TM. Update on Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:245. [PMID: 38334637 PMCID: PMC10854977 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer remains a deadly malignancy and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The mainstay of treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer is chemotherapy, but unfortunately, even with recent progress, overall survival is still poor. Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and the underlying genetic differences among tumors can define the behavior and prognosis of the disease. Given the limitations of cytotoxic chemotherapy, research has focused on developing targeted therapy based on molecular subtyping. Since the early 2000s, multiple targeted therapies have demonstrated efficacy in treating metastatic colorectal cancer and have received FDA approval. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and DNA mismatch repair pathways have demonstrated promising results for targeted therapies. As new gene mutations and proteins involved in the oncogenesis of metastatic colorectal cancer are identified, new targets will continue to emerge. We herein provide a summary of the updated literature regarding targeted therapies for patients with mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Suite 670, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.W.U.); (S.M.R.)
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Tang F, Huang CW, Tang ZH, Lu SL, Bai T, Huang Q, Li XZ, Zhang B, Wu FX. Prognostic role of serum carcinoembryonic antigen in patients receiving liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastasis: A meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:2890-2906. [PMID: 38222018 PMCID: PMC10784827 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i12.2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a broad-spectrum tumor marker for differential diagnosis, monitoring, and response assessment of a variety of malignancies. AIM To evaluate whether serum CEA could predict the prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) before and after liver resection (LR). METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were systematically searched to retrieve literature, with a search cut-off date of February 27, 2023. Articles were strictly screened for inclusion according to pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were pooled and analyzed using Stata 16.0. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 36 studies involving a total of 11143 CRCLM patients. The results showed that a high pre-LR serum CEA level was correlated with poor overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.49-1.75, P < 0.001] and recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.11-1.45, P < 0.001) in CRCLM patients. A high post-LR serum CEA level predicted poor OS (HR = 2.66, 95%CI: 2.10-3.38, P < 0.001). A comparison by treatment modality, analysis modality, patient source, and cutoff-value showed that overall, high preoperative and postoperative serum CEA levels remained correlated with a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION This study concluded that high pre-LR and post-LR serum CEA levels were significantly correlated with a poor prognosis in CRCLM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Cheng-Wen Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shao-Long Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xing-Zhi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fei-Xiang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Scherman P, Hansdotter P, Holmberg E, Viborg Mortensen F, Petersen SH, Rizell M, Naredi P, Syk I. High resection rates of colorectal liver metastases after standardized follow-up and multimodal management: an outcome study within the COLOFOL trial. HPB (Oxford) 2023; 25:766-774. [PMID: 36967324 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcome after colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) resection has improved over time, despite increased resection rates. Hence, it's crucial to identify all patients possible to treat with curative intent. The objectives of this study were to map recurrence pattern, treatment strategy and survival depending on treatment and follow-up strategy. METHODS In the COLOFOL-trial, patients with radically resected stage II-III colorectal cancer were randomized to high-frequency (6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months; HF) or low-frequency (12 and 36 months; LF) follow-up. In this study, all CRLM within 5 years were identified and medical files scrutinized. Overall survival (OS) was analysed in uni- and multivariable analyses. Primary endpoint was 5-year OS. RESULTS Of 2442 patients, 235 (9.6%) developed metachronous CRLM of which 123 (52.3%) underwent treatment with curative intent, resulting in 5-year OS of 58%. Five-year OS for patients with CRLM was 43% after HF versus 24% after LF. The survival benefit was confirmed for HF 8 years from resection of the primary tumour, HR 0.63 (CI 0.46-0.85). CONCLUSION A high proportion of metachronous CRLM was possible to treat with curative intent, yielding high survival rates. More intense follow-up after colorectal cancer resection might be of value in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Scherman
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden.
| | - Pernilla Hansdotter
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Holmberg
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Sune H Petersen
- Section of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus Rizell
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Transplantation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Syk
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Boraschi P, Moretto R, Donati F, Borelli B, Mercogliano G, Giugliano L, Boccaccino A, Della Pina MC, Colombatto P, Signori S, Masi G, Cremolini C, Urbani L. Exploring the Outcome of Disappearance or Small Remnants of Colorectal Liver Metastases during First-Line Chemotherapy on Hepatobiliary Contrast-Enhanced and Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082200. [PMID: 37190129 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the outcome of the disappearance or small remnants of colorectal liver metastases during first-line chemotherapy assessed by hepatobiliary contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DW-MRI). Consecutive patients with at least one disappearing liver metastasis (DLM) or small residual liver metastases (≤10 mm) assessed by hepatobiliary contrast-enhanced and DW-MRI during first-line chemotherapy were included. Liver lesions were categorized into three groups: DLM; residual tiny liver metastases (RTLM) when ≤5 mm; small residual liver metastases (SRLM) when >5mm and ≤10 mm. The outcome of resected liver metastases was assessed in terms of pathological response, whereas lesions left in situ were evaluated in terms of local relapse or progression. Fifty-two outpatients with 265 liver lesions were radiologically reviewed; 185 metastases fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 40 DLM, 82 RTLM and 60 SRLM. We observed a pCR rate of 75% (3/4) in resected DLM and 33% (12/36) of local relapse for DLM left in situ. We observed a risk of relapse of 29% and 57% for RTLM and SRLM left in situ, respectively, and a pCR rate of about 40% overall for resected lesions. DLM assessed via hepatobiliary contrast-enhanced and DW-MRI very probably indicates a complete response. The surgical removal of small remnants of liver metastases should always be advocated whenever technically possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Boraschi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Moretto
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francescamaria Donati
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Borelli
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 36, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercogliano
- Department of Radiology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Giugliano
- Department of Radiology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boccaccino
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 36, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Clotilde Della Pina
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Colombatto
- Hepatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Signori
- General Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Masi
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 36, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 36, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucio Urbani
- General Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Kitasaki N, Abe T, Inoue M, Kohata A, Toyota K. Pathological complete response of multiple liver metastases from colon cancer successfully treated with conversion surgery: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 104:107935. [PMID: 36801767 PMCID: PMC9969276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.107935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Recently, the successful long-term survival of patients with unresectable distant metastases from colorectal cancer, who underwent conversion surgery after systemic chemotherapy, have been documented. Herein, we present a patient afflicted with ascending colon cancer and multiple unresectable liver metastases, who underwent conversion surgery, resulting in the complete disappearance of the pathological liver metastases. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 70-year-old woman visited our hospital with a chief complaint of weight loss. A diagnosis of ascending colon cancer (cT4aN2aM1a [H3]: TNM classification 8th edition) stage IVa with RAS/BRAF wild-type mutation was made (four liver metastases up to 60 mm in diameter were observed in both lobes). After 2 years and 3 months of systemic chemotherapy (capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab), the tumor marker levels had decreased to normal ranges and all liver metastases showed partial responses with remarkable shrinkage. After confirmation of a liver function and a preserved future liver remnant volume, the patient finally underwent hepatectomy, involving partial resection of S4 and subsegmentectomy of S8, along with a right hemicolectomy. Histopathologic examination revealed that all liver metastases had completely disappeared, while regional lymph node metastases had changed into scar tissue. However, the primary tumor failed to respond to chemotherapy, resulting in ypT3N0M0 ypStage IIA. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 8th postoperative day without any postoperative complications. She is currently on the 6th month of follow-up without any recurring metastasis. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Curative surgery is recommended for resectable liver metastases of colorectal cancer (CRLM), be it synchronous or heterochronous. Up until now, the efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy for CRLM is limited. Chemotherapy has a double-edged aspect, where some cases have shown successful improvement in the treatment stage. CONCLUSION To obtain the maximum benefit from conversion surgery, it is critical to incorporate the appropriate surgical technique, at the correct stage, in order avoid the progression to chemotherapy-associated steatohepatitis (CASH) in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Kitasaki
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Higashihiroshima Medical Center, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Abe
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Higashihiroshima Medical Center, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Masashi Inoue
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Higashihiroshima Medical Center, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Kohata
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Higashihiroshima Medical Center, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Toyota
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Higashihiroshima Medical Center, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Plúa-Muñiz K, Bailón-Cuadrado M, Pérez-Saborido B, Pacheco-Sánchez D, Pinto P, Asensio-Díaz E. Survival analysis and identification of prognostic factors in colorectal liver metastasis after liver resection. Cir Esp 2023; 101:160-169. [PMID: 36108955 DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver resection is the only curative treatment for colorectal liver metastasis. The identification of predictive factors leads to personalize patient management to enhance their long-term outcomes. This population-based study aimed to characterize factors associated with, and survival impact of patients who received hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of all the hepatectomies for colorectal liver metastasis performed at third-level hospital of Spain (2010-2018) was conducted. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analyses. Multivariable Cox and regression models were used to determine prognostic factors associated with overall survival. RESULTS The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival were 42 and 33%, respectively. Survival analysis showed that metastasis features (number, largest size, distribution, and extrahepatic disease) and postsurgical factors (transfusion, major complications, and positive margin resection), as well as non-mutated KRAS, showed a significant association with survival. Otherwise, on multivariate analysis, only 5 independent risk factors were identified: major size metastasis >4 cm, RAS mutation, positive margin resection, intraoperative transfusion, and major complications. CONCLUSIONS According to our findings, major size metastasis >4 cm, intraoperative transfusion, and major postoperative complications continue to be traditional prognostic factors. Meanwhile, the KRAS biomarker has a powerful impact as a survival prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Plúa-Muñiz
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancréatica, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Martín Bailón-Cuadrado
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancréatica, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Baltasar Pérez-Saborido
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancréatica, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Pacheco-Sánchez
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancréatica, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Pinto
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancréatica, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Enrique Asensio-Díaz
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancréatica, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
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Keyl J, Hosch R, Berger A, Ester O, Greiner T, Bogner S, Treckmann J, Ting S, Schumacher B, Albers D, Markus P, Wiesweg M, Forsting M, Nensa F, Schuler M, Kasper S, Kleesiek J. Deep learning-based assessment of body composition and liver tumour burden for survival modelling in advanced colorectal cancer. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:545-552. [PMID: 36544260 PMCID: PMC9891942 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personalized therapy planning remains a significant challenge in advanced colorectal cancer care, despite extensive research on prognostic and predictive markers. A strong correlation of sarcopenia or overall body composition and survival has been described. Here, we explore whether automated assessment of body composition and liver metastases from standard of care CT images can add to clinical parameters in personalized survival risk prognostication. METHODS We retrospectively analysed clinical imaging data from 85 patients (50.6% female, mean age 58.9 SD 12.2 years) with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases. Pretrained deep learning models were used to assess body composition and liver metastasis geometry from abdominal CT images before the initiation of systemic treatment. Abdominal muscle-to-bone ratio (MBR) was calculated by dividing abdominal muscle volume by abdominal bone volume. MBR was compared with body mass index (BMI), abdominal muscle volume, and abdominal muscle volume divided by height squared. Differences in overall survival based on body composition and liver metastasis parameters were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results were correlated with clinical and biomarker data to develop a machine learning model for survival risk prognostication. RESULTS The MBR, unlike abdominal muscle volume or BMI, was significantly associated with overall survival (HR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19-0.80, P = 0.009). The MBR (P = 0.022), liver metastasis surface area (P = 0.01) and primary tumour sidedness (P = 0.007) were independently associated with overall survival in multivariate analysis. Body composition parameters did not correlate with KRAS mutational status or primary tumour sidedness. A prediction model based on MBR, liver metastasis surface area and primary tumour sidedness achieved a concordance index of 0.69. CONCLUSIONS Automated segmentation enables to extract prognostic parameters from routine imaging data for personalized survival modelling in advanced colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Keyl
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer CenterUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Partner site University Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
| | - René Hosch
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
| | - Aaron Berger
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
| | - Oliver Ester
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
| | | | - Simon Bogner
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer CenterUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
| | - Jürgen Treckmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, West German Cancer CenterUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology EssenWest German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
| | | | - David Albers
- Department of GastroenterologyElisabeth Hospital EssenEssenGermany
| | - Peter Markus
- Department of General Surgery and TraumatologyElisabeth Hospital EssenEssenGermany
| | - Marcel Wiesweg
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer CenterUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
- Medical FacultyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Michael Forsting
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
| | - Felix Nensa
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer CenterUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Partner site University Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
- Medical FacultyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer CenterUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Partner site University Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
- Medical FacultyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Jens Kleesiek
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen (AöR)EssenGermany
- Medical FacultyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
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11
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Imazu Y, Matsuo Y, Hokuto D, Yasuda S, Yoshikawa T, Kamitani N, Yoshida C, Sasaki T, Sho M. Distinct role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes between synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:72. [PMID: 36720759 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may influence the prognosis of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). We assessed the prognostic value of evaluating TILs in the primary and metastatic sites of synchronous CRLM as well as metachronous CRLM. METHODS We examined 90 patients who underwent curative primary and liver metastasis resection for colorectal cancer. CD8+ TILs (cytotoxic T cells) or CD45RO+ TILs (memory T cells) in both primary and metastatic sites were simultaneously evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Fifty-one patients had synchronous CRLM, and 39 patients had metachronous CRLM. In synchronous cases, the overall survival (OS) was significantly worse in patients with low CD8+ or CD45RO+ TILs in a metastatic site than in those with high CD8+ or CD45RO+ TILs (P = 0.017 and P = 0.005, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 65 years (P = 0.043), maximum tumor size ≥ 30 mm (P = 0.003), primary N2-3 (P = 0.019), and low CD8+ TILs in metastatic site (P = 0.046) were independent poor prognostic factors. In contrast, in metachronous cases, OS was significantly worse in patients with low CD45RO+ TILs in a primary site than in those with high CD45RO+ TILs (P = 0.021). CD45RO+ TILs in a primary site (P = 0.044) were determined to be independent prognostic factor on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The immune microenvironment between synchronous and metachronous CRLM might be different, and these differences may affect its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Imazu
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuko Matsuo
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hokuto
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Naoki Kamitani
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Chieko Yoshida
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Toshihide Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
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12
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Dai S, Zhao W, Yue L, Qian X. Nomogram prediction of the role of metastasectomy in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases: A SEER-Based competing risk analysis model. Asian J Surg 2022:S1015-9584(22)01774-2. [PMID: 36567218 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Dai
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenhu Zhao
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lei Yue
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Qian
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Villard C, Abdelrafee A, Habib M, Ndegwa N, Jorns C, Sparrelid E, Allard MA, Adam R. Prediction of survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases- development and validation of a prognostic score model. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2022; 48:2432-2439. [PMID: 35786533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic spread of colorectal cancer to the liver impacts prognosis. Advances in chemotherapy have resulted in increased resectability rates and thereby improved survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, criteria are needed to ensure that patients selected for hepatic resection benefit from the invasive therapy. The study aimed to construct a predictive model for overall survival (OS) in patients with CRLM, based on preoperatively available information. METHODS The retrospective cohort study reviewed all patients with CRLM discussed at multidisciplinary team conference at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, 2013-2018. Independent prognostic factors for OS were identified, based on which a score model was generated. The model was validated on patients treated for CRLM at Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France, 2007-2018. Calibration and discrimination methods were used for internal and external validation. RESULTS The Swedish development cohort included 1013 patients, the French validation cohort 391 patients. Poor OS was significantly associated with age>60years (hazard ratio (HR) 3.57 (95%CI 2.18-9.94)), number of CRLM (HR 4.59 (2.83-12.20)), diameter of largest CRLM>5 cm (HR 2.59 (1.74-5.03)), right-sided primary tumour (HR 2.98 (2.00-5.80)), extrahepatic disease (HR 4.14 (2.38-15.87)) and non-resectability (HR 0.77 (0.66-0.90)). The C-statistic for prediction of OS was .74, in the development cohort and 0.69 in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION The presented predictive score model can adequately predict OS for patients at the initial diagnosis of CRLM. The prognostic model could be of clinical value in the management of all patients with CRLM, by predicting individualized survival and thereby facilitating treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Villard
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ahmed Abdelrafee
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Miriam Habib
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Equipe Recherche « Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation » Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nelson Ndegwa
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Jorns
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernesto Sparrelid
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cancer, Division of Upper GI, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc-Antoine Allard
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Equipe Recherche « Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation » Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - René Adam
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Equipe Recherche « Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation » Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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14
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Sakamoto K, Beppu T, Honda G, Kotake K, Yamamoto M, Takahashi K, Endo I, Hasegawa K, Itabashi M, Hashiguchi Y, Kotera Y, Kobayashi S, Yamaguchi T, Natsume S, Tabuchi K, Kobayashi H, Yamaguchi K, Tani K, Morita S, Miyazaki M, Sugihara K. Comprehensive data of 4502 patients newly diagnosed with colorectal liver metastasis between 2015 and 2017, and prognostic data of 2427 patients newly diagnosed with colorectal liver metastasis in 2013 and 2014: Third report of a nationwide survey in Japan. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2022; 30:570-590. [DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Sakamoto
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic and Breast Surgery Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Ehime Japan
| | - Toru Beppu
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Yamaga City Medical Center Kumamoto Japan
| | - Goro Honda
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology Tokyo Women's Medical University Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kotake
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Sano City Hospital Sano Tochigi Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Utsunomiya Memorial Hospital Utsunomiya Tochigi Japan
| | - Keiichi Takahashi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery, Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery Division, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Michio Itabashi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology Tokyo Women's Medical University Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yojiro Hashiguchi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Teikyo University School of Medicine Itabashi‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kotera
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology Tokyo Women's Medical University Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Shin Kobayashi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery National Cancer Center Hospital East Kashiwa‐shi Chiba Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yamaguchi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Soichiro Natsume
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Ken Tabuchi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Pediatrics Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Kobayashi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Teikyo University Hospital Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Chemotherapy Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Koto‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kimitaka Tani
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology Tokyo Women's Medical University Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoshi Morita
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Masaru Miyazaki
- International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital Minato‐ku, Tokyo Japan
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15
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Paro A, Hyer MJ, Tsilimigras DI, Guglielmi A, Ruzzenente A, Alexandrescu S, Poultsides G, Aucejo F, Cloyd JM, Pawlik TM. Machine Learning Approach to Stratifying Prognosis Relative to Tumor Burden after Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases: An International Cohort Analysis. J Am Coll Surg 2022; 234:504-513. [PMID: 35290269 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing overall tumor burden on the basis of tumor number and size may assist in prognostic stratification of patients after resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). We sought to define the prognostic accuracy of tumor burden by using machine learning (ML) algorithms compared with other commonly used prognostic scoring systems. STUDY DESIGN Patients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM between 2001 and 2018 were identified from a multi-institutional database and split into training and validation cohorts. ML was used to define tumor burden (ML-TB) based on CRLM tumor number and size thresholds associated with 5-year overall survival. Prognostic ability of ML-TB was compared with the Fong and Genetic and Morphological Evaluation scores using Cohen's d. RESULTS Among 1,344 patients who underwent resection of CRLM, median tumor number (2, interquartile range 1 to 3) and size (3 cm, interquartile range 2.0 to 5.0) were comparable in the training (n = 672) vs validation (n = 672) cohorts; patient age (training 60.8 vs validation 61.0) and preoperative CEA (training 10.2 ng/mL vs validation 8.3 ng/mL) was also similar (p > 0.05). ML empirically derived optimal cutoff thresholds for number of lesions (3) and size of the largest lesion (1.3 cm) in the training cohort, which were then used to categorize patients in the validation cohort into 3 prognostic groups. Patients with low, average, or high ML-TB had markedly different 5-year overall survival (51.6%, 40.9%, and 23.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). ML-TB was more effective at stratifying patients relative to 5-year overall survival (low vs high ML-TB, d = 2.73) vs the Fong clinical (d = 1.61) or Genetic and Morphological Evaluation (d = 0.84) scores. CONCLUSIONS Using a large international cohort, ML was able to stratify patients into 3 distinct prognostic categories based on overall tumor burden. ML-TB was noted to be superior to other CRLM prognostic scoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Paro
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH (Paro, Hyer, Tsilimigras, Cloyd, Pawlik)
| | - Madison J Hyer
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH (Paro, Hyer, Tsilimigras, Cloyd, Pawlik)
| | - Diamantis I Tsilimigras
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH (Paro, Hyer, Tsilimigras, Cloyd, Pawlik)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jordan M Cloyd
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH (Paro, Hyer, Tsilimigras, Cloyd, Pawlik)
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH (Paro, Hyer, Tsilimigras, Cloyd, Pawlik)
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16
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Hao M, Li H, Wang K, Liu Y, Liang X, Ding L. Predicting metachronous liver metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer: development and assessment of a new nomogram. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:80. [PMID: 35279173 PMCID: PMC8918281 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model, which could predict metachronous liver metastasis in colorectal cancer within two years after diagnosis. Methods A retrospective study was performed on colorectal cancer patients who were admitted to Beijing Shijitan Hospital from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2019. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used to optimize feature selection for susceptibility to metachronous liver metastasis in colorectal cancer. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to establish a predictive model through incorporating features selected in the LASSO regression model. C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to assess discrimination, distinctiveness, consistency with actual occurrence risk, and clinical utility of candidate predictive model. Internal validation was assessed with bootstrapping method. Results Predictors contained in candidate prediction nomogram included age, CEA, vascular invasion, T stage, N stage, family history of cancer, and KRAS mutation. This model displayed good discrimination with a C-index of 0.787 (95% confidence interval: 0.728–0.846) and good calibration, whereas area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.786. Internal validation obtained C-index of 0.786, and AUC of validation cohort is 0.784. Based on DCA, with threshold probability range from 1 to 60%; this predictive model might identify colorectal cancer metachronous liver metastasis to achieve a net clinical benefit. Conclusion We have developed and validated a prognostic nomogram with good discriminative and high accuracy to predict metachronous liver metastasis in CRC patients.
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Plúa-Muñiz K, Bailón-Cuadrado M, Pérez-Saborido B, Pacheco-Sánchez D, Pinto P, Asensio-Díaz E. Análisis de supervivencia e identificación de factores pronósticos de metástasis hepáticas de cáncer colorrectal tras resección hepática. Cir Esp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Liu M, Wang K, Wang Y, Bao Q, Wang H, Jin K, Liu W, Xing B. Short- and long-term outcomes of hepatectomy combined with intraoperative radiofrequency ablation for patients with multiple primarily unresectable colorectal liver metastases: a propensity matching analysis. HPB (Oxford) 2021; 23:1586-1594. [PMID: 33934959 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatectomy combined with intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (IORFA) is a strategy to eliminate all tumors in patients with multiple colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). This study aimed to evaluate the surgical and oncological outcomes of hepatectomy + IORFA for multiple unresectable CRLM. METHODS We included patients who underwent combined hepatectomy and IORFA for multiple unresectable CRLM (n = 67) or hepatectomy alone (n = 268) for CRLM. Patients were matched in a 1:1 propensity score analysis to compare the short- and long-term outcomes between groups. RESULTS Patients in hepatectomy + IORFA group had a median number of 10 liver lesions. Postoperative morbidity and the rate of major complications was similar between groups (P = 0.362, P = 1.000). The median overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and hepatic recurrence free survival (HRFS) was similar between groups (3-year OS: 54.2% versus 60.9%, P = 0.389; 3-year PFS: 7.9% versus 19.6%, P = 0.148; 3-year HRFS: 16.7% versus 31.5%, P = 0.202). Re-hepatectomy or radiofrequency ablation was used to treat 47.5% of hepatic recurrences, and the median OS was significantly higher than for patients treated with systemic treatment alone (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Combining hepatectomy and IORFA could provide comparable survival rates for patients with multiple unresectable CRLM compared to those with resectable CRLM treated with hepatectomy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Quan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Kemin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Baocai Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China.
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Li Z, Li S, Tao H, Zhan Y, Ni K, Gong J, Li G. Higher titer hepatitis B core antibody predicts a higher risk of liver metastases and worse survival in patients with colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:251. [PMID: 34446030 PMCID: PMC8394189 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been controversial voices on if hepatitis B virus infection decreases the risk of colorectal liver metastases or not. This study aims to the find the association between HBV infection and postoperative survival of colorectal cancer and the risk of liver metastases in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS Patients who underwent curative surgical resection for colorectal cancer between January 2011 and December 2012 were included. Patients were grouped according to anti-HBc. Differences in overall survival, time to progress, and hepatic metastasis-free survival between groups and significant predictors were analyzed. RESULTS Three hundred twenty-seven colorectal cancer patients were comprised of 202 anti-HBc negative cases and 125 anti-HBc positive cases, and anti-HBc positive cases were further divided into high-titer anti-HBc group (39) and low-titer anti-HBc group (86). The high-titer anti-HBc group had significantly worse overall survival (5-Yr, 65.45% vs. 80.06%; P < .001), time to progress (5-Yr, 44.26% vs. 84.73%; P < .001), and hepatic metastasis-free survival (5-Yr, 82.44% vs. 94.58%; P = .029) than the low-titer group. Multivariate model showed anti-HBc ≥ 8.8 S/CO was correlated with poor overall survival (HR, 3.510; 95% CI, 1.718-7.17; P < .001), time to progress (HR, 5.747; 95% CI, 2.789-11.842; P < .001), and hepatic metastasis-free survival (HR, 3.754; 95% CI, 1.054-13.369; P = .041) in the anti-HBc positive cases. CONCLUSIONS Higher titer anti-HBc predicts a potential higher risk of liver metastases and a worse survival in anti-HBc positive colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No. 190 Jieyuan street, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shaofei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No. 190 Jieyuan street, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hangbo Tao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No. 190 Jieyuan street, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yixiang Zhan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No. 190 Jieyuan street, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kemin Ni
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No. 190 Jieyuan street, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxun Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No. 190 Jieyuan street, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China.
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20
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Hansdotter P, Scherman P, Petersen SH, Mikalonis M, Holmberg E, Rizell M, Naredi P, Syk I. Patterns and resectability of colorectal cancer recurrences: outcome study within the COLOFOL trial. BJS Open 2021; 5:6328206. [PMID: 34308474 PMCID: PMC8311321 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvements in surgery, imaging, adjuvant treatment, and management of metastatic disease have led to modification of previous approaches regarding the risk of recurrence and prognosis in colorectal cancer. The aims of this study were to map patterns, risk factors, and the possibility of curative treatment of recurrent colorectal cancer in a multimodal setting. METHODS This was a cohort study based on the COLOFOL trial population of patients who underwent radical resection of stage II or III colorectal cancer. The medical files of all patients with recurrence within 5 years after resection of the primary tumour were scrutinized. Follow-up time was 5 years after the first recurrence. Primary endpoints were cumulative incidence, site, timing, and risk factors for recurrence, and rate of potentially curative treatment. A secondary endpoint was survival. RESULTS Of 2442 patients, 471 developed recurrences. The 5-year cumulative incidence was 21.4 (95 per cent c.i. 19.5 to 23.3) per cent. The median time to detection was 1.1 years after surgery and 87.3 per cent were detected within 3 years. Some 98.2 per cent of patients who had potentially curative treatment were assessed by a multidisciplinary tumour board. A total of 47.8 per cent of the recurrences were potentially curatively treated. The 5-year overall survival rate after detection was 32.0 (95 per cent c.i. 27.9 to 36.3) per cent for all patients with recurrence, 58.6 (51.9 to 64.7) per cent in the potentially curatively treated group and 7.7 (4.8 to 11.5) per cent in the palliatively treated group. CONCLUSION Time to recurrence was similar to previous results, whereas the 21.4 per cent risk of recurrence was somewhat lower. The high proportion of patients who received potentially curative treatment, linked to a 5-year overall survival rate of 58.6 per cent, indicates that it is possible to achieve good results in recurrent colorectal cancer following multidisciplinary assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hansdotter
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Section of Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Scherman
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - S H Petersen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Section of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Mikalonis
- Department of Surgery, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - E Holmberg
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Rizell
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Syk
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Section of Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Finotti M, Vitale A, Gringeri E, D'Amico FE, Boetto R, Bertacco A, Lonardi S, Bergamo F, Feltracco P, Cillo U. Colon Rectal Liver Metastases: The Role of the Liver Transplantation in the Era of the Transplant Oncology and Precision Medicine. Front Surg 2021; 8:693387. [PMID: 34355016 PMCID: PMC8329096 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.693387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of liver metastases in colon rectal cancer has a strong impact on the overall survival (OS) of the patient, with a 5-year survival rate of 5% with palliative treatment. Surgical resection combined with pharmacological treatment can achieve a 5-year OS rate of 31-58%. However, in only 20% of patients with colon rectal liver metastases (CRLMs), liver resection is feasible. In highly selected patients, recent trials and studies proved that liver transplantation (LT) for non-resectable CRLM is a surgical option with an excellent long-term OS. The paper aims to review the indications and outcome of LT for CRLMs, with a special focus on immunosuppressive therapy and the management of local and extrahepatic recurrence after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Finotti
- University of Padova, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- University of Padova, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- University of Padova, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Boetto
- University of Padova, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bertacco
- University of Padova, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Unit of Oncology 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Bergamo
- Unit of Oncology 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Feltracco
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Umberto Cillo
- University of Padova, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Padua, Italy
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22
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Zheng W, Wu F, Fu K, Sun G, Sun G, Li X, Jiang W, Cao H, Wang H, Tang W. Emerging Mechanisms and Treatment Progress on Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3013-3036. [PMID: 33986602 PMCID: PMC8110277 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s301371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is currently the third largest malignant tumor in the world, with high new cases and high mortality. Metastasis is one of the most common causes of death of colorectal cancer, of which liver metastasis is the most fatal. Since the beginning of the Human Genome Project in 2001, people have gradually recognized the 3 billion base pairs that make up the human genome, of which only about 1.5% of the nucleic acid sequences are used for protein coding, including proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. A large number of differences in the expression of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have also been found in the study of colorectal cancer, which proves that they are also actively involved in the progression of colorectal cancer and promote the occurrence of liver metastasis. Except for 1.5% of the coding sequence, the rest of the nucleic acid sequence does not encode any protein, which is called non-coding RNA. With the deepening of research, genome sequences without protein coding potential that were originally considered “junk sequences” may have important biological functions. Many years of studies have found that a large number of abnormal expression of ncRNA in colorectal cancer liver metastasis, indicating that ncRNA plays an important role in it. To explore the role and mechanism of these coding sequences and non-coding RNA in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer is very important for the early diagnosis and treatment of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. This article reviews the coding genes and ncRNA that have been found in the study of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer in recent years, as well as the mechanisms that have been identified or are still under study, as well as the clinical treatment of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wubin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangshun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanjin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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23
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Protic M, Krsmanovic O, Solajic N, Kukic B, Nikolic I, Bogdanovic B, Radovanovic Z, Kresoja M, Mannion C, Man YG, Stojadinovic A. Prospective Non-Randomized Study of Intraoperative Assessment of Surgical Resection Margin of Colo-Rectal Liver Metastases. J Cancer 2021; 12:3701-3714. [PMID: 33995645 PMCID: PMC8120181 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: More than 50% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop liver metastases during the natural course of disease. Surgical resection is currently the most potentially curative method in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). The goal of surgery is to achieve a negative resection margin (RM) of at least 1 mm, which provides the best prognosis for patients. The RM can be assessed by the pathologist of the resected liver specimen (RLS) and by the surgeon intraoperatively. The aim of this research paper is to determine the degree of agreement on intraoperative assessment of the RM by the surgeon and histopathological RM assessment by the pathologist. Material and methods: This prospective non-randomized double-blind study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT04634526. The study was conducted at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia. An experienced hepatobiliary surgeon assessed RM for every specimen intra-operatively, immediately after CRLM resection. Resected CRLM lesions were analyzed by two experienced pathologists. These data were compared with pathological RM assessment as a “gold standard”. RM of 1 mm or more was rated as negative RM (RM-). Disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence rate was calculated by RM status defined by surgeon and by pathologist. Results: From 01 January 2015 to 31 August 2019, 98 patients were enrolled in the study. There were 219 RLS with 245 CRLM. The surgeon registered positive RM (RM+) of <1mm in 41 (18.7%) RLS. Taking the result of the histopathological assessment (HPA) as the “gold standard”, it was determined that RM was true positive in 32 (14.6%) cases. False positive RM was found in 9 (4.1%) cases. False negative RM was found in 20 (9.1%) cases. True negative RM was found in 158 (72.2%) cases. Sensitivity of surgical assessment (SA) of RM+ was 61.5% (32/52). Specificity of SA of RM+ was 94.6% (158/167). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 78.0% (32/41), while the negative predictive value (NPV) was 88.8% (158/178). The overall accuracy of the RM+ SA was 86.8% (190/219). There was no statistically significant difference in the assessment of RM+ per RLS by surgeon and pathologists (p=0.061), but it was significant when analyses per patients was performed (p=0.017). Recurrence rate for RM+ patients was 48.1% (13/27, p=0.05) for SA and 35.0% (14/40, p=0.17) for HPA. Three year DFS for RM- and RM+ was 66.5% and 27.9% (p=0.04), respectively, by SA, and 64.8% and 42.1% (p=0.106), respectively, by HPA. Conclusion: Intraoperative assessment of RM- by surgeon of RLS is clinically meaningful. There is not a statistically significant difference in the assessment of RM+ by surgeon and pathologists per RLS, but it was statically significant on a per patient basis. RM determined by surgeon has better prognostic impact on recurrence rate and 1- and 3-year DFS than standard histopathological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladjan Protic
- Clinic for Surgical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Olivera Krsmanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Logistics Command, Doboj, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nenad Solajic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Department of Pathoanatomical and Laboratory Diagnostics, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Biljana Kukic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Clinic for Internal Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Ivan Nikolic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Clinic for Internal Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Bogdan Bogdanovic
- Clinic for Internal Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Zoran Radovanovic
- Clinic for Surgical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milana Kresoja
- Clinic for Surgical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ciaran Mannion
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Pathology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
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24
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Outcome of Radical Surgery for Simultaneous Liver and Lung Metastases Synchronous with Primary Colorectal Cancer. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-021-02848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) leads to metastatic disease in approximately 30% of patients. In patients with newly diagnosed CRC with both liver and lung metastases, curative resection is rarely possible. The aim of this study is to evaluate the overall (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates of these patients after resection with curative intent.
Methods
This study is a retrospective analysis of colorectal cancer patients (n=8, median age 54.3 years) with simultaneous liver and lung metastasis undergoing resection with curative intent between May 1st, 2002, to December 31st, 2016, at our institution.
Results
Colon was the primary tumour site in 2 patients and rectum in 6 patients. The median number of liver and lung metastases was 3 and 2, respectively. Patients received various treatment sequences individualized on tumour disease burden. R0 resection was achieved after all but one procedure. Two severe Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb complications were present. Median hospital stay was 9 (3–24) days per procedure. Tumour relapse was observed in all patients with median RFS of 9 (3–28) months and median OS of 40 (17–52) months. In 4 cases, where repeated resection of recurrent metastases (3 liver and 1 lung) was possible, the median OS was 43 months.
Conclusion
Our data suggests that patients seem to benefit from resection with curative intent, with tendency to prolonged OS and with acceptable complication rate. Tumour recurrence occurred in all patients. Repeated resection was beneficial and led to further prolonged OS.
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25
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Verter E, Berger Y, Perl G, Peretz I, Tovar A, Morgenstern S, Brenner B, Benchimol D, Kashtan H, Sadot E. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Recurrence Pattern in Patients with Resectable Colorectal Liver Metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:4320-4329. [PMID: 33886020 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has value as a predictor of long-term outcomes in various cancer types. Its prognostic potential in patients with CRLM has not been thoroughly investigated. This original, retrospective study assessed the relationship between the preoperative NLR, survival outcomes, and recurrence patterns in patients after colorectal liver metastasis resection (CRLM). METHODS The prospectively maintained database of a tertiary medical center was queried for all patients who underwent CRLM resection between 2005 and 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: NLR <3 (normal) or >3 (high). Recurrence risk was analysed using Fine and Gray correction for competing risk method and cause specific analyses. RESULTS The cohort included 231 patients of whom 53 (23%) had a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. At presentation, 35% had synchronous disease and 48% had a solitary metastasis; median tumor size was 2 cm. Patients with a high NLR had a significantly higher rate of simultaneous colorectal resection (P = 0.01). A high NLR was independently associated with worse OS (P = 0.02), worse DFS (P = 0.03), and higher risk of recurrence (P = 0.048), specifically recurrence with an extrahepatic pattern (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS A high preoperative NLR was independently associated with poorer survival outcomes and extrahepatic recurrence pattern. The NLR appears to have prognostic importance in CRLM and may serve as a surrogate marker of aggressive systemic disease after resection. These findings warrant external validation, preferably in a prospective design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Verter
- Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Berger
- Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gali Perl
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Idit Peretz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ana Tovar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Sara Morgenstern
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Baruch Brenner
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Daniel Benchimol
- Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanoch Kashtan
- Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Sadot
- Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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26
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Meng Q, Zheng N, Wen R, Sui J, Zhang W. Preoperative nomogram to predict survival following colorectal cancer liver metastasis simultaneous resection. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:556-567. [PMID: 34012649 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Simultaneous resection for patients with synchronous colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) remains an optimal option for the sake of curability. However, few studies so far focus on outcome of this subgroup of patients (who receive simultaneous resection for CRLM). Substantial heterogeneity exists among such patients and more precise categorization is needed preoperatively to identify those who may benefit more from surgery. In this study, we formulated this internally validated scoring system as an option. Methods Clinicopathological and follow-up data of 234 eligible CRLM patients undergoing simultaneous resection from January 2010 to March 2019 in our center were included for analysis. Patients were randomized to either a training or validation cohort. We performed multivariable Cox regression analysis to determine preoperative factors with prognostic significance using data in training cohort, and a nomogram scoring system was thus established. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration plot were adopted to evaluate the predictive power of our risk model. Results In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, five factors including presence of node-positive primary defined by enhanced CT/MR, preoperative CEA level, primary tumor location, tumor grade and number of liver metastases were identified as independent prognostic indicators of overall survival (OS) and adopted to formulate the nomogram. In the training cohort, calibration plot graphically showed good fitness between estimated and actual 1- and 3-year OS. Time-dependent ROC curve by Kaplan-Meier method showed that our nomogram model was superior to widely used Fong's score in prediction of 1- and 3-year OS (AUC 0.702 vs. 0.591 and 0.848 vs. 0.801 for 1- and 3-year prediction in validation cohort, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curves for patients stratified by the assessment of nomogram showed great discriminability (P<0.001). Conclusions In this retrospective analysis we identified several preoperative factors affecting survival of synchronous CRLM patients undergoing simultaneous resection. We also constructed and validated a risk model which showed high accuracy in predicting 1- and 3-year survival after surgery. Our risk model is expected to serve as a predictive tool for CRLM patients receiving simultaneous resection and assist physicians to make treatment decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Meng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nanxin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongbo Wen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinke Sui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Beppu T, Imai K, Honda G, Sakamoto K, Kobayashi S, Endo I, Hasegawa K, Kotake K, Itabashi M, Hashiguchi Y, Kotera Y, Yamaguchi T, Tabuchi K, Kobayashi H, Yamaguchi K, Morita S, Kikuchi K, Miyazaki M, Sugihara K, Yamamoto M, Takahashi K. Proposal of a novel H category-based classification of colorectal liver metastases based on a Japanese nationwide survey. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2021; 28:317-326. [PMID: 33609318 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conventional H category-based classification for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) was created by equal weighting of tumor number and tumor size; however, our previous nomogram to predict postoperative disease-free survival demonstrated that CRLM ≥5 as a parameter provided 4.5 times greater impact compared with a largest CRLM size >5 cm. METHODS A total of 3815 patients newly diagnosed with CRLM between 2005 and 2007, including 2220 resectable cases, were investigated. Six groups were created based on largest lesion size (≤ 5 vs >5 cm) and lesion number (1, 2-4, and ≥5). RESULTS The novel (n) H1, nH2, and nH3 categories were defined as solitary lesions with a size ≤5 cm; lesions other than nH1 or nH3; and ≥5 lesions with any lesion size, respectively. In the resectable cohort, the 5-year cumulative overall survival rates were 64.0%, 53.5%, and 42.6% in the nH1, nH2, and nH3 groups, respectively (P < .001), and no significant differences were observed between the conventional H2 and H3 categories. In the overall cohort, the discrimination ability of the two classifications were comparable. CONCLUSION The novel H category-based classification might be beneficial in predicting overall survival in patients with CRLM independent of their resectability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Beppu
- Department of Surgery, Yamaga City Medical Center, Yamaga, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Goro Honda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Sakamoto
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Shin Kobayashi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | | | - Michio Itabashi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Yojiro Hashiguchi
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kotera
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ken Tabuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | | | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morita
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Masaru Miyazaki
- International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Minata-ku, Japan
| | | | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Keiichi Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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Kamphues C, Andreatos N, Kruppa J, Buettner S, Wang J, Sasaki K, Wagner D, Morioka D, Fitschek F, Løes IM, Imai K, Sun J, Poultsides G, Kaczirek K, Lønning PE, Endo I, Baba H, Kornprat P, Aucejo FN, Wolfgang CL, Kreis ME, Weiss MJ, Margonis GA. The optimal cut-off values for tumor size, number of lesions, and CEA levels in patients with surgically treated colorectal cancer liver metastases: An international, multi-institutional study. J Surg Oncol 2021; 123:939-948. [PMID: 33400818 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite the long-standing consensus on the importance of tumor size, tumor number and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels as predictors of long-term outcomes among patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), optimal prognostic cut-offs for these variables have not been established. METHODS Patients who underwent curative-intent resection of CRLM and had available data on at least one of the three variables of interest above were selected from a multi-institutional dataset of patients with known KRAS mutational status. The resulting cohort was randomly split into training and testing datasets and recursive partitioning analysis was employed to determine optimal cut-offs. The concordance probability estimates (CPEs) for these optimal cut offs were calculated and compared to CPEs for the most widely used cut-offs in the surgical literature. RESULTS A total of 1643 patients who met eligibility criteria were identified. Following recursive partitioning analysis in the training dataset, the following cut-offs were identified: 2.95 cm for tumor size, 1.5 for tumor number and 6.15 ng/ml for CEA levels. In the entire dataset, the calculated CPEs for the new tumor size (0.52), tumor number (0.56) and CEA (0.53) cut offs exceeded CPEs for other commonly employed cut-offs. CONCLUSION The current study was able to identify optimal cut-offs for the three most commonly employed prognostic factors in CRLM. While the per variable gains in discriminatory power are modest, these novel cut-offs may help produce appreciable increases in prognostic performance when combined in the context of future risk scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Kamphues
- Department of General, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Charité, University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Kruppa
- Department of General, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Charité, University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Buettner
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaeyun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kazunari Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daisuke Morioka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fabian Fitschek
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Inger Marie Løes
- Department of Clinical Science and Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jinger Sun
- Department of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - George Poultsides
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Klaus Kaczirek
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Per Eystein Lønning
- Department of Clinical Science and Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Peter Kornprat
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin E Kreis
- Department of General, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Charité, University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew J Weiss
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, New York, USA
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Peri-tumoural CD3+ Inflammation and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predict Overall Survival in Patients Affected by Colorectal Liver Metastases Treated with Surgery. J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 24:1061-1070. [PMID: 31823322 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-019-04458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic and local inflammation plays an important role in many cancers and colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). While the role of local immune response mediated by CD3+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes is well-established, new evidence on systemic inflammation and cancer, such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), is emerging. The aim of this study is to seek an association between the CD3+ lymphocytes and NLR with patients' prognosis and possibly stratifying it accordingly. METHODS From January 2005 to January 2013, 128 consecutive patients affected by CRLM and treated with chemotherapy and surgery were included in the study. Different cutoff levels were calculated with ROC curves for each of the biomarkers, and their relative outcome in terms of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was determined. Associating the two biomarkers, three risk groups were determined: low risk (two protective biomarkers), intermediate risk (one protective biomarker) and high risk (no protective biomarker). RESULTS After a median follow-up of 45 months, median OS and RFS were 44 and 9 months, respectively. For OS, 29 (22.66%), 59 (46.09%) and 40 (31.25%) patients were in the low, intermediate and high-risk groups, respectively. Adjusted Cox regression analysis showed an increased risk of death in the intermediate group (HR 2.67 p = 0.007 95% CI 1.31-5.42) and high-risk group (HR 2.86 p = 0.005 95% CI 1.37-5.99) compared to the low-risk group (reference). CONCLUSION Systemic and local immune response index allows stratification of patients in different OS and RFS risk groups.
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Chen Y, Chang W, Ren L, Chen J, Tang W, Liu T, Jian M, Liu Y, Wei Y, Xu J. Comprehensive Evaluation of Relapse Risk (CERR) Score for Colorectal Liver Metastases: Development and Validation. Oncologist 2020; 25:e1031-e1041. [PMID: 32181531 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The calculation of the tumor burden score (TBS) is not perfect because the bilobar spread of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is neglected. The identification of an ideal prognostic scoring system for CRLM remains controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who underwent curative intent liver resection for CRLM from one medical center were enrolled in cohort 1 (787 patients) and cohort 2 (162 patients). Tumor relapse-free survival (RFS) was the main outcome. A Cox regression model was used to identify independent predictors of prognosis. The time-dependent area under the curve, calibration curve, and C-index were employed to validate the predictive ability of the survival model. RESULTS Modified TBS (mTBS) was established by a mathematical equation with parameters including CRLM size, CRLM number, and unilobar or bilobar metastasis. Five preoperative predictors of worse RFS were identified in cohort 1 and incorporated into the Comprehensive Evaluation of Relapse Risk (CERR) score: KRAS/NRAS/BRAF-mutated tumor (1 point); node-positive primary (1 point); extrahepatic disease (1 point); carcinoembryonic antigen level > 200 ng/mL or carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) >200 U/mL (1 point); and mTBS between 5 and 11 (1 point) or 12 and over (2 points). Patients in cohort 1 were stratified by their CERR score into risk groups: the high-risk group (CERR score 4 or more), the medium-risk group (CERR score 2-3), and the low-risk group (CERR score 0-1). Importantly, internal validation in cohort 1 and further validation in cohort 2 both showed the superior discriminatory capacity of the CERR score. CONCLUSION mTBS should be promoted. The CERR score is a powerful prognostic tool that can help determine optimal clinical management strategies. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This work resulted in the successful modification of the tumor burden score and development of a comprehensive and practical prognostic scoring system-the Comprehensive Evaluation of Relapse Risk (CERR) score. The CERR score, with a better prognostic discriminatory ability, outperformed the Fong score. Perhaps more importantly, the CERR score is a powerful prognostic tool because it unified the most consistently reported prognostic factors. Therefore, the CERR score can assist doctors in determining optimal clinical management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijiao Chen
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenju Chang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Tang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Jian
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Wei
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Ren L, Zhu D, Benson AB, Nordlinger B, Koehne CH, Delaney CP, Kerr D, Lenz HJ, Fan J, Wang J, Gu J, Li J, Shen L, Tsarkov P, Tejpar S, Zheng S, Zhang S, Gruenberger T, Qin X, Wang X, Zhang Z, Poston GJ, Xu J. Shanghai international consensus on diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of colorectal liver metastases (version 2019). Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 46:955-966. [PMID: 32147426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most common anatomical site for hematogenous metastases from colorectal cancer. Therefore effective treatment of liver metastases is one of the most challenging elements in the management of colorectal cancer. However, there is rare available clinical consensus or guideline only focusing on colorectal liver metastases. After six rounds of discussion by 195 clinical experts of the Shanghai International Consensus Expert Group on Colorectal Liver Metastases (SINCE) from 29 countries or regions, the Shanghai Consensus has been finally completed, based on current research and expert experience. The consensus emphasized the principle of multidisciplinary team, provided detailed diagnosis approaches, and guided precise local and systemic treatments. This Shanghai Consensus might be of great significance to standardized diagnosis and treatment of colorectal liver metastases all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Colorectal Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dexiang Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Colorectal Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Al B Benson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern Medical Group, Chicago, USA
| | - Bernard Nordlinger
- Surgery Department, Hospital Ambroise-Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Conor P Delaney
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Kerr
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Petrv Tsarkov
- Clinic of Colorectal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xinyu Qin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Colorectal Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xishan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Graeme John Poston
- Surgery Department, Aintree University Hospital, School of Translational Studies, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Colorectal Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Engstrand J, Strömberg C, Nilsson H, Freedman J, Jonas E. Synchronous and metachronous liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer-towards a clinically relevant definition. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:228. [PMID: 31878952 PMCID: PMC6933908 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 25% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) will have liver metastases classified as synchronous or metachronous. There is no consensus on the defining time point for synchronous/metachronous, and the prognostic implications thereof remain unclear. The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic value of differential detection at various defining time points in a population-based patient cohort and conduct a literature review of the topic. Methods All patients diagnosed with CRC in the counties of Stockholm and Gotland, Sweden, during 2008 were included in the study and followed for 5 years or until death to identify patients diagnosed with liver metastases. Patients with liver metastases were followed from time of diagnosis of liver metastases for at least 5 years or until death. Different time points defining synchronous/metachronous detection, as reported in the literature and identified in a literature search of databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library), were applied to the cohort, and overall survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared with log-rank test. The influence of synchronously or metachronously detected liver metastases on disease-free and overall survival as reported in articles forthcoming from the literature search was also assessed. Results Liver metastases were diagnosed in 272/1026 patients with CRC (26.5%). No statistically significant difference in overall survival for synchronous vs. metachronous detection at any of the defining time points (CRC diagnosis/surgery and 3, 6 and 12 months post-diagnosis/surgery) was demonstrated for operated or non-operated patients. In the literature search, 41 publications met the inclusion criteria. No clear pattern emerged regarding the prognostic significance of synchronous vs. metachronous detection. Conclusion Synchronous vs. metachronous detection of CRC liver metastases lacks prognostic value. Using primary tumour diagnosis/operation as standardized cut-off point to define synchronous/metachronous detection is semantically correct. In synchronous detection, it defines a clinically relevant group of patients where individualized multimodality treatment protocols will apply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Engstrand
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Strömberg
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Nilsson
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Freedman
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduard Jonas
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Surgical Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Cape Town, South Africa
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Chen X, Yan S, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Zhao J, Zhou J, Li Z, Bi X, Cai J. The safety and feasibility of a single incision in simultaneous resection for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:547. [PMID: 31807529 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The approach of performing a simultaneous resection for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases has been lauded universally, but the operation procedures have differences. In general, colorectal lesions are removed laparoscopically; however, some liver metastases cannot be resected under laparoscopy. For these patients, the traditional approach of performing a simultaneous resection which utilizes the inferior abdominal midline incision and the right subcostal incision is preferred. In this study, we assessed the safety and feasibility of the single right subcostal incision approach for patients with either rectal or sigmoid colon cancer and liver metastasis who underwent simultaneous resection. Methods A total of 85 patients with rectal or sigmoid colon cancer and liver metastases who underwent simultaneous resection from January 2012 to December 2016 in the Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were identified. Clinicopathological data, as well as operative and perioperative outcomes, were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results Overall, 42 patients were included in this study, 26 (61.9%) patients underwent simultaneous resection with a single surgical incision (right subcostal incision), and 16 (38.1%) underwent simultaneous resection with dual surgical incisions (inferior abdominal midline incision and right subcostal incision). Compared to the dual-incision approach, the single-incision approach had a shorter operation time (328.0 vs. 420.0 min, P=0.006) but had no significant differences in total hospitalization time, postoperative hospitalization time, intraoperative blood loss, time of postoperative drainage tube extraction, time to the first postoperative bowel movement, and postoperative complications (P>0.05). Conclusions The single-incision approach (right subcostal incision) is feasible and safe for patients with either sigmoid colon or rectal cancer and liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shida Yan
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yefan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xinyu Bi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Chiang JM, Hung HY, You JF, Chiang SF, Lee CF, Chou HS, Lee WC, Chan KM. Applicability of postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels in determining post-liver-resection adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for colorectal cancer hepatic metastasis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17696. [PMID: 31689796 PMCID: PMC6946275 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver resection (LR) is the standard procedure for treating colorectal cancer (CRC) hepatic metastasis; however, LR associated with a high recurrence incidence. This study aimed to determine an optimal post-LR adjuvant chemotherapeutic strategy to improve overall long-term patient outcomes. A retrospective study of 490 patients who had undergone curative LR for CRC hepatic metastasis was performed. Patients who underwent post-LR adjuvant chemotherapy demonstrated high overall survival (OS) rates (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.58, P = .002) but not high recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates (HR = 1.02, P = .885). Moreover, OS was significantly longer in patients who underwent 5-fluorouracil + leucovorin (5-FU/LV; HR = 0.63, P = .039), oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (HR = 0.45, P < .001), or irinotecan-based chemotherapy with bevacizumab (HR = 0.64, P = .040) than in those who did not. Among patients with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels of <5 ng/mL at 1 month after LR, significant differences were noted only in those who underwent 5-FU/LV (HR = 0.58, P = .035) and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (HR = 0.38, P < .001). In conclusion, perioperative CEA levels are crucial in prognosis and treatment of patients with CRC hepatic metastasis after LR. Additionally, certain regimens of adjuvant chemotherapy alongside post-LR CEA levels may provide beneficial results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chen-Fang Lee
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-Shan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Shiue Chou
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-Shan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lee
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-Shan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ming Chan
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-Shan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Cao G, Zhou W, Chen E, Wang F, Chen L, Chen M, Zhao W, Xu J, Zhang W, Zhang G, Huang X, Song Z. A novel scoring system predicting survival benefits of palliative primary tumor resection for patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer: A retrospective cohort study protocol. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17178. [PMID: 31517873 PMCID: PMC6750347 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of palliative primary tumor resection (PPTR) in improving survival in patients with synchronous unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is controversial. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether our novel scoring system could predict survival benefits of PPTR in mCRC patients.In this retrospective cohort study consecutive patients with synchronous mCRC and unresectable metastases admitted to Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital between January 2005 and December 2013 were identified. A scoring system was established by the serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Patients with scores of 0, 1-2, or 3-4 were considered as being in the low, intermediate, and high score group, respectively. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS).A total of 138 eligible patients were included in the analysis, of whom 103 patients had undergone PPTR and 35 had not. The median OS of the PPTR group was better than that of the Non-PPTR group, with 26.2 and 18.9 months, respectively (P < .01). However, the subgroup of PPTR with a high score (3-4) showed no OS benefit (13.3 months) compared with that of the Non-PPTR group (18.9 months, P = .11). The subgroup of PPTR with a low score (52.1 months) or intermediate score (26.2 months) had better OS than that of the Non-PPTR group (P < .001, P = .017, respectively).A novel scoring system composed of CEA, CA19-9, NLR, and LDH values is a feasible method to evaluate whether mCRC patients would benefit from PPTR. It might guide clinical decision making in selecting patients with unresectable mCRC for primary tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biological Treatment, Hangzhou
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biological Treatment, Hangzhou
| | - Engeng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biological Treatment, Hangzhou
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biological Treatment, Hangzhou
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biological Treatment, Hangzhou
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biological Treatment, Hangzhou
| | - Wei Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lanxi Hospital, China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biological Treatment, Hangzhou
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biological Treatment, Hangzhou
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biological Treatment, Hangzhou
| | - Xuefeng Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biological Treatment, Hangzhou
| | - Zhangfa Song
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biological Treatment, Hangzhou
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36
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Ongaro E, Cremolini C, Rossini D, Corti F, Pagani F, Morelli L, Urbani L, Masi G, Sposito C, Filippi B, Borelli B, Zucchelli G, Moretto R, Boccaccino A, Solaini L, de Braud F, Mazzaferro V, Falcone A, Cucchetti A, Pietrantonio F. Clinical and molecular determinants of extrahepatic disease progression in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with liver-limited metastases deemed initially unresectable. ESMO Open 2019; 4:e000496. [PMID: 31231562 PMCID: PMC6555604 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background No tools to predict the probability of extrahepatic disease progression (ePD) of initially unresectable, liver-limited metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are currently available. To estimate the likelihood to develop ePD and to identify clinical and molecular factors that could predict extrahepatic progression-free survival (ePFS), we conducted an observational, retrospective, multicentre cohort study. Methods We retrospectively identified a cohort of 225 patients with initially unresectable liver-limited disease (LLD), treated from January 2004 to December 2017 with first-line doublets or triplet plus a biological agent at two Italian institutions. Results 173 (77%) patients experienced ePD which occurred within 1, 2 or 3 years from the diagnosis of mCRC in 15%, 49% and 66% of patients, respectively. Globally, 164 (73%) patients underwent a liver resection at some point of their disease history, and 54 (33%) of them underwent a subsequent locoregional treatment. Age > 70 years, locoregional nodal involvement at diagnosis of colorectal cancer and ≥4 liver metastases were significantly associated with higher risk of ePD while liver resections were associated with reduced risk of ePD. In the multivariable model, number of liver metastases (subdistribution HR, SHR 1.63, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.36; p = 0.01) and liver resections (SHR 0.43, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.63; p = 0.001) were still associated with ePD. Number of liver metastases < 4, no nodal involvement at diagnosis and liver resections were also associated with prolonged ePFS. Conclusions The identified clinical factors could help physicians in personalising the intensity and aggressiveness of liver-directed treatments in patients with mCRC with initially unresectable LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ongaro
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Rossini
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Corti
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo Pagani
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucio Urbani
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Metastasis Parenchyma Sparing Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Masi
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Sposito
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatobilio-Pancreatic Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Beatrice Filippi
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Beatrice Borelli
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gemma Zucchelli
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Moretto
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boccaccino
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Solaini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Universityof Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaferro
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatobilio-Pancreatic Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cucchetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Universityof Milan, Milan, Italy
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37
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Fahy BN. Prognostication in oncology. J Surg Oncol 2019; 120:10-16. [PMID: 30883779 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Prognostication involves formulation and communication about the expected course of the disease and is unique in surgical oncology because of the need to incorporate patient, procedural, and cancer-related factors. Several tools and techniques are available to assist physicians in formulating prognosis on the basis of these factors. Use of established communication techniques are effective in discussing prognosis. In situations with prognostic uncertainty, use of the best case/worst case/most likely case or time-limited trial of therapy can be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget N Fahy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Palliative Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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38
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Peng J, Ou Q, Deng Y, Xiao B, Zhang L, Li J, Li Y, Wan D, Lu Z, Fang Y. TROP2 overexpression in colorectal liver oligometastases is associated with poor prognosis after liver resection. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919897543. [PMID: 35173815 PMCID: PMC8842308 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919897543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to assess trophoblast antigen protein 2 (TROP2)
expression in liver oligometastases and its prognostic value for colorectal
liver oligometastasis (CLO) patients undergoing liver resection. Methods: We retrospectively selected 129 consecutive CLO patients who underwent
curative liver resection between June 1999 and December 2016.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect TROP2 expression in
paraffin-embedded specimens. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall
survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test,
and independent prognostic factors were identified with Cox regression
modeling. Results: TROP2 was expressed in 72.9% (94/129) of liver oligometastatic tissues. TROP2
expression in primary tumors and liver oligometastases was significantly
positively correlated (r = 0.758,
p < 0.001). Survival analysis indicated that CLO
patients with high TROP2 expression had worse 3-year RFS (44.2%
versus 66.4%, p = 0.007) and 3-year OS
rates (70.3% versus 85.4%, p = 0.035) than
did those with low TROP2 expression. Multivariate analysis indicated that
high TROP2 expression was independently associated with poor RFS [hazard
ratio (HR) = 2.017; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.198–3.396;
p = 0.023] and OS (HR = 2.090; 95% CI 1.037–4.214;
p = 0.039). Gene expression profile analysis indicated
that high TROP2 expression was associated with TNFα signaling
via NF-κB, the inflammatory response and
epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conclusions: TROP2 overexpression was associated with an unfavorable oncologic prognosis
in patients with CLO undergoing liver resection. Detecting TROP2 expression
may be valuable for guiding postoperative treatment among CLO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Deng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Binyi Xiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yin Li
- Department Endoscopic and Laser Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Desen Wan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Fang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
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39
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Huang L, Lin H, Kang L, Huang P, Huang J, Cai J, Xian Z, Zhu P, Huang M, Wang L, Xian CJ, Wang J, Dong J. Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNA SNHG15 correlates with liver metastasis and poor survival in colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7032-7039. [PMID: 30317592 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), but little is known about the function of lncRNAs in the colorectal liver metastasis (CLM). This study was designed to identify specific lncRNAs correlating to liver metastasis of CRC, and to further assess their clinical value. Seventeen patients with primary CRC lesions, adjacent normal mucosa, and synchronous liver metastases lesions were divided into discovery set (six patients) and test set (11 patients). Transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq) was used to screen differential expression of lncRNAs in the discovery set. Based on bioinformatics data, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the target lncRNA in test set. The relationships between target lncRNA and clinical values were analysed in an expanded validation set of additional 91 patients. 23 upregulated and 14 downregulated lncRNAs were detected for distinguishing synchronous liver metastases, primary CRC lesions from adjacent normal mucosa in the RNAseq set. The expression levels of four lncRNAs in the 37 lncRNA signature were verified by qRT-PCR in the test set. Compared with the paired normal mucosa, high expression levels of lnc-small-nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) were detected not only in primary CRC lesions but also in liver metastases lesions in the test set. Furthermore, in the expanded validation set, high expression of lnc-SNHG15 was significantly associated with lymph-node metastasis and liver metastasis (p < 0.05), and patients displaying high lncRNA-SNHG15 expression exhibited a shorter median overall survival duration than those displaying low expression (30.7 vs. 35.2 months; p = 0.003). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that lncRNA-SNHG15 overexpression may serve as a poor prognostic biomarker for CRC patients (p = 0.049; Cox's regression: 2.731). Lnc-SNHG15 overexpression was significantly associated with CLM and high-expression of lnc-SNHG15 in CRC was an independent predictor of poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongcheng Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Kang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinzhu Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Xian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peixuan Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Zhejiang, China.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cory J Xian
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianghui Dong
- Department of Hand Surgery, Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Zhejiang, China.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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40
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Zheng P, Ren L, Feng Q, Zhu D, Chang W, He G, Ji M, Jian M, Lin Q, Yi T, Wei Y, Xu J. Differences in clinical characteristics and mutational pattern between synchronous and metachronous colorectal liver metastases. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:2871-2881. [PMID: 30214282 PMCID: PMC6118248 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s161392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate differences in clinical characteristics and mutational patterns between synchronous and metachronous colorectal liver metastases (CLMs). Patients and methods From June 2008 to December 2014, patients with RAS wild-type CLMs treated at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were included. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of primary tumors was sequenced with next-generation sequencing for single-nucleotide polymorphism of 96 genes according to custom panel. Mutations were compared between synchronous and metachronous liver metastases and correlated with clinical characteristics. Results A total of 161 patients were included: 93 patients with synchronous CLM and 68 patients with metachronous CLM. Patients with metachronous CLM were obviously elder. For pathology of primary tumors, synchronous CLMs were larger in size, poorly differentiated, and more frequently local advanced and lymph node positive. For evaluation of liver metastases, synchronous CLM had more and larger metastatic lesions. The median number of mutations in synchronous CLMs was significantly higher than in metachronous group (22 vs. 18, p<0.001). EGFR rs2227983 is the most prevalent mutation in both groups and only a part of prevalent mutations is shared in both groups. Prevalent mutations were correlated with many clinical characteristics. EGFR rs2227983, RBMXL3 rs12399211, and PTCH1 rs357564 were prognostic for latency of metachronous CLM. Conclusion Clinically, synchronous CLMs, compared with metachronous CLMs, were younger and showed heavier tumor burden for both primaries and liver metastases. Genetically, we identified different mutational patterns between synchronous and metachronous CLMs and several correlations between mutations and clinical characteristics. Further researches were needed to confirm these potential key mutations of CLMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Li Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qingyang Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Dexiang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wenju Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Guodong He
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Meiling Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Mi Jian
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Tuo Yi
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ye Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
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41
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Pan Z, Peng J, Lin J, Chen G, Wu X, Lu Z, Deng Y, Zhao Y, Sui Q, Wan D. Is there a survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with liver oligometastases from colorectal cancer after curative resection? Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:29. [PMID: 29843800 PMCID: PMC5993126 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although colorectal oligometastases to the liver can potentially be cured with aggressive local ablation, the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for such metastasis remains unclear. The present study explored the effects of ACT on patients with colorectal liver oligometastases (CLO) after curative resections and aimed to identify patients who could benefit from ACT. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 264 eligible patients with CLO who underwent curative resection between September 1999 and June 2015. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test; prognostic factors were a by Cox regression modeling. Results Among 264 patients, 200 (75.8%) patients received ACT and 64 (24.2%) did not receive ACT. These two groups did not significantly differ in clinicopathologic characteristics, and had comparable 3-year OS and RFS rates (RFS: 42.1% vs. 45.7%, P = 0.588; OS: 69.7% vs. 62.7%, P = 0.446) over a median follow-up duration of 35.5 months, irrespective of preoperative chemotherapy. ACT markedly improved 3-year OS in high-risk patients with Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center clinical risk scores (MSKCC-CRS) of 3–5 (68.2% vs. 33.8%, P = 0.015), but presented no additional benefit in patients with MSKCC-CRS of 0–2 (72.2% vs. 78.6%, P = 0.834). In multivariate analysis, ACT was independently associated with improved OS in patients with MSKCC-CRS of 3–5. Conclusions ACT might offer a prognostic benefit in high-risk patients with CLOs after curative liver resection, but not in low-risk patients. Therefore, patients’ risk status should be determined before ACT administration to optimize postoperative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Junzhong Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Deng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoqi Sui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Desen Wan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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42
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Rahbari NN, Schölch S, Bork U, Kahlert C, Schneider M, Rahbari M, Büchler MW, Weitz J, Reissfelder C. Prognostic value of circulating endothelial cells in metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37491-37501. [PMID: 28415583 PMCID: PMC5514924 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is urgent need for improved staging in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) in comparison with circulating tumor cells (CTC) in patients with mCRC amenable for potentially curative surgery. METHODS A total of 140 patients were enrolled prospectively. CTC and CEC were measured with the CellSearch System (Veridex, NJ, USA). Cut-off values were determined using ROC analyses. Prognostic factors were identified by Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS ROC analyses revealed ≥ 21 CEC as cut-off levels for detection, which was present in 68 (49%). CEC detection was associated with female gender (p = 0.03) only, whereas CTC detection was associated with presence of the primary tumor (p = 0.007), metastasis size (p < 0.001), bilobar liver metastases (p = 0.02), CEA (p < 0.001) and CA 19-9 levels (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis only CEC detection (HR 1.81; p = 0.03) and preoperative CA19-9 levels (HR 2.28, p = 0.005) were revealed as independent predictors of poor survival. CONCLUSIONS CEC are of stronger prognostic value than CTC. Further studies are required to validate these results and to evaluate CEC as predictive biomarker for systemic therapy alone as well as in combination with other markers such as CA19-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuh N Rahbari
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bork
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Rahbari
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Abstract
In the last decade, percutaneous treatment of musculoskeletal (MSK) tumors has become more established in routine clinical care while also undergoing a number of advancements. Ablative techniques to palliate painful skeletal metastases have gained wide acceptance, while goals for ablation have evolved to include local control of oligometastases and desmoid tumors. Bone consolidation or augmentation is now frequently used in conjunction with or instead of ablation of skeletal tumors to stabilize pathologic fractures or prevent further morbidity that could result from fractures caused by tumor progression. These procedures have traditionally been performed with cement injection, although additional percutaneous consolidation or stabilization devices have been developed. Techniques to monitor the ablation zone and adjacent structures intraprocedurally are now applied to increase the number of tumors amenable to treatment. These include methods to depict, displace, or monitor critical structures adjacent to targeted MSK tumors. Finally, the role of ablation in the comprehensive care of patients with MSK tumors continues to change with the evolving triage of patients between radiation therapy, surgical resection and stabilization, and percutaneous ablative and consolidative management.
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Kurup AN, Callstrom MR. Expanding role of percutaneous ablative and consolidative treatments for musculoskeletal tumours. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:645-656. [PMID: 28363660 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Interventional approaches to musculoskeletal tumours have significantly changed over the last several years, and new treatments continue to be developed. All ablative modalities are currently applied to the treatment of bone tumours, including radiofrequency, cryo-, microwave, and laser ablation devices. Indications for ablation of bone and soft-tissue tumours have expanded beyond palliation of painful bone metastases and eradication of osteoid osteomas to the local control of oligometastatic disease from a number of primary tumours and ablation of desmoid tumours. In addition, tools for consolidation of bone tumours at risk of pathological fracture have also expanded. With these developments, ablation has become the primary treatment for osteoid osteomas and, at some institutions, desmoid tumours. It may be the primary or secondary treatment for palliation of painful bone tumours, frequently used in patients with pain refractory to or recurrent after radiation therapy. It is used as a treatment for limited metastatic disease or for metastases that grow disproportionately in patients with multifocal metastases, either in combination with systemic therapy or to reserve systemic therapy and its toxicity for more widespread disease progression. Moreover, percutaneous methods to consolidate bone at risk of fracture have become more commonplace, aided by techniques using materials beyond typical bone cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Kurup
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - M R Callstrom
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Hołówko W, Grąt M, Wronka KM, Stypułkowski J, Roszkowski R, Studnicki P, Krawczyk M. Comparison of Total Tumor Volume, Size and Number of Colorectal Liver Metastases in Prediction of Survival in Patients after Liver Resection. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2017; 87:53-8. [PMID: 26146095 DOI: 10.1515/pjs-2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver is the most common location of the colorectal cancer metastases occurrence. Liver resection is the only curative method of treatment. Unfortunately it is feasible only in 25% of patients with colorectal liver metastases, often because of the extensiveness of the disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive value of total tumor volume, size and number of colorectal liver metastases in patients treated with right hemihepatectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed in a group of 135 patients with colorectal liver metastases, who were treated with right hemihepatectomy. Total tumor volume was estimated based on the formula (4/3)πr³. Moreover, the study included an analysis of data on the number and size of tumors, radicality of the resection, time between primary tumor resection and liver resection, pre-operative blood serum concentration of carcinoembryonal antigen (CEA) and carcinoma antigen Ca 19-9. The predictive value of the factors was evaluated by applying a Cox proportional hazards model and the area under the ROC curve. RESULTS The univariate analysis has shown the predictive value of size of the largest tumor (p=0.033; HR=1.065 per each cm) on the overall survival, however no predictive value of number of tumors (p=0.997; HR=1.000) and total tumor volume (p=0.212; HR=1.002) was observed. The multivariate analysis did not confirm the predictive value of the size of the largest tumor (p=0.141; HR=1.056). In the analysis of ROC curves, AUROC for the total tumor volume, the size of the largest tumor and the number of tumors were 0.629, 0.608, 0.520, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Total tumor volume, size and number of liver metastases are not independent risk factors for the worse overall survival of patients with colorectal liver metastases treated with liver resection, therefore increased values of these factors should not be a contraindication for surgical treatment.
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Depypere L, Lerut T, Moons J, Coosemans W, Decker G, Van Veer H, De Leyn P, Nafteux P. Isolated local recurrence or solitary solid organ metastasis after esophagectomy for cancer is not the end of the road. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-8. [PMID: 27704661 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent disease after esophagectomy bears an infaust prognosis, especially when multiple recurrences are present. But little is known about survival in patients with limited recurrence (solitary locoregional recurrence or solid organ metastasis). Herein, we report our experience with these subgroups. We analyzed 1754 consecutive patients surgically treated with curative resection for esophageal cancer and cancer of the gastroesophageal junction between 1990 and 2012. Seven subgroups were defined according to the recurrence type (locoregional vs. organ metastasis), the site of recurrence (abdominal, thoracic, cervical for lymph nodes and lung, liver, adrenals and others for organ metastasis) and also the number of lesions (one vs. multiple lymph node stations or organ metastasis) Of these groups; clinical isolated locoregional recurrence (ciLR) was defined as solitary lymph-node recurrence confined to one compartment (cervical, thoracic or abdominal, within or outside surgical dissection-field) at clinical staging. Clinical solitary solid organ metastasis (csSOM) was defined as metastasis in a resectable solid organ, i.e. liver, lung, brain or adrenal. Salvage therapies were grouped in five categories. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate survival. Recurrent disease was observed in 766 patients (43.7%) with overall 5-year survival of 4.5% after diagnosis of recurrence. Fifty-seven patients (7.4%) showed ciLR and 110 (14.4%) csSOM. Median time-to-recurrence was 16.8 months in ciLR and 9.9 months in csSOM (P = 0.0074). Survival is significantly improved compared to supportive therapy when local therapy is possible (P < 0.0001). In 25 (15%) of ciLR or csSOM patients, surgical therapy with or without systemic therapy, yielded a 5-year survival of 49.9% (median 54.8 months) after diagnosis of recurrence. When surgery was impossible or contraindicated, the combination of chemoradiotherapy appeared to be superior to chemotherapy alone (respectively 27.0% vs. 4.6% 5-year survival) or radiotherapy alone (no 5-year survival). Recurrent disease after esophagectomy is a common problem with poor overall survival. However prolonged survival could be obtained in selected patients if the recurrent disease is limited to ciLR or csSOM, if surgery (+/- systemic therapy) can be performed. If not a combination of chemoradiotherapy seems to offer the second best option. Patients presenting with a ciLR or csSOM should be discussed in a dedicated multidisciplinary team meeting as to evaluate and define the place of salvage treatment which in well selected cases could offer a perspective of prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Depypere
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Lerut
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Moons
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - W Coosemans
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Decker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Van Veer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P De Leyn
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Nafteux
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Significant increase of synchronous disease in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer trials: Results of a systematic review. Eur J Cancer 2016; 69:166-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sasaki K, Margonis GA, Andreatos N, Wilson A, Gani F, Amini N, Pawlik TM. Pre-hepatectomy carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels among patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases: do CEA levels still have prognostic implications? HPB (Oxford) 2016; 18:1000-1009. [PMID: 27769662 PMCID: PMC5144549 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of prehepatectomy carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in the era of modern chemotherapy and expanded surgical indications for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) remains not well defined. METHODS 484 patients were identified and divided into two groups by surgical time period (group 1: 2000-2007 vs. group 2: 2008-2015). The prognostic significance of pre-hepatectomy CEA was determined by assessing the HRs associated with various cut-off levels ranging from 5 to 200 ng/mL. RESULTS Median CRLM number was comparable in both groups (group 1: 2 vs. group 2: 2, P = 0.504). Bilobar disease was more frequent in group 2 (30.1% vs. 42.5%, P = 0.006). The administration of modern chemotherapy and/or biologic agents increased over time (49.5% vs. 67.9%, P < 0.001). Preoperative CEA independently predicted OS in group 1, even with a cut-off as low as >5 ng/mL. However, in group 2 it predicted recurrence and survival only after exceeding 70 and 50 ng/mL, respectively. Of note, in group 2, CEA was strongly associated with survival when CEA levels exceeded 70 ng/mL (HR 4.84). CONCLUSIONS While pre-hepatectomy CEA level may still have prognostic utility in CRLM resection, the optimal cut-off value has increased in the era of modern chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- Correspondence Timothy M. Pawlik, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Blalock 688, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Tel: +1 (410) 502 2387. Fax: +1 (410) 502 2388.Division of Surgical OncologyDepartment of SurgeryJohns Hopkins Hospital600 N. Wolfe StreetBlalock 688BaltimoreMD21287USA
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Wong J, Cooper A. Local Ablation for Solid Tumor Liver Metastases: Techniques and Treatment Efficacy. Cancer Control 2016; 23:30-5. [PMID: 27009454 DOI: 10.1177/107327481602300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options for liver metastases from solid tumors, such as colon cancer, breast cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, and sarcomas, have expanded in recent years and now include nonresection methods. METHODS The literature focused on the treatment of liver metastases was reviewed for technique, perioperative, and long-term outcomes specifically related to local ablation techniques for liver metastases. RESULTS Ablation modalities have become popular as therapies for patients who are not appropriate candidates for surgical resection. Use of these techniques, alone or in combination with other liver-directed therapies (and often systemic therapy), has extended the rate of survival for patients with liver metastases and, at times, offers nearly equivalent disease-free survival rates to surgical resection. CONCLUSIONS Although surgical resection remains the optimal treatment for liver metastasis, local options, including microwave ablation and radiofrequency ablation, can offer similar long-term local control in appropriately selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Wong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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