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Steadman JA, Hoskin TL, Klassen C, Boughey JC, Degnim AC, Piltin MA, Mrdutt MM, Johnson JE, Hieken TJ. Assessment of the effect of the American Society of Breast Surgery guidelines on contralateral prophylactic mastectomy rates for unilateral breast cancer. Surgery 2024; 175:677-686. [PMID: 37863697 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In July 2016, the American Society of Breast Surgeons published guidelines discouraging contralateral prophylactic mastectomy for average-risk women with unilateral breast cancer. We incorporated these into practice with structured patient counseling and aimed to assess the effect of this initiative on contralateral prophylactic mastectomy rates. METHODS We evaluated female patients with unilateral breast cancer undergoing mastectomy at our institution from January 2011 to November 2022. Variables associated with contralateral prophylactic mastectomy and trends over time were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test or χ2 analysis as appropriate. RESULTS Among 3,208 patients, (median age 54 years) 1,366 (43%) had a unilateral mastectomy, and 1,842 (57%) also had a concomitant contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Across all patients, contralateral prophylactic mastectomy rates significantly decreased post-implementation from 2017 to 2019 (55%) vs 2015 to 2016 (62%) (P = .01) but increased from 2020 to 2022 (61%). Immediate breast reconstruction rate was 70% overall (81% with contralateral prophylactic mastectomy and 56% without contralateral prophylactic mastectomy, P < .001). Younger age, White race, mutation status, and earlier stage were also associated with contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Genetic testing increased from 27% pre-guideline to 74% 2020 to 2022, as did the proportion of patients with a pathogenic variant (4% pre-guideline vs 11% from 2020-2022, P < .001), of whom 91% had a contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Among tested patients without a pathogenic variant and patients not tested, contralateral prophylactic mastectomy rates declined from 78% to 67% and 48% to 38% pre -and post-guidelines, respectively, P < .001. CONCLUSION Implementation of specific patient counseling was effective in decreasing contralateral prophylactic mastectomy rates. While recognizing that patient choice plays a significant role in the decision for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy, further educational efforts are warranted to affect contralateral prophylactic mastectomy rates, particularly in the setting of negative genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Steadman
- Division of Breast and Melanoma Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tanya L Hoskin
- Division of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Judy C Boughey
- Division of Breast and Melanoma Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Amy C Degnim
- Division of Breast and Melanoma Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mara A Piltin
- Division of Breast and Melanoma Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mary M Mrdutt
- Division of Breast and Melanoma Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jeffrey E Johnson
- Division of Breast and Melanoma Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tina J Hieken
- Division of Breast and Melanoma Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Hassan AM, Biaggi AP, Asaad M, Andejani DF, Liu J, Offodile Nd AC, Selber JC, Butler CE. Development and Assessment of Machine Learning Models for Individualized Risk Assessment of Mastectomy Skin Flap Necrosis. Ann Surg 2023; 278:e123-e130. [PMID: 35129476 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop, validate, and evaluate ML algorithms for predicting MSFN. BACKGROUND MSFN is a devastating complication that causes significant distress to patients and physicians by prolonging recovery time, compromising surgical outcomes, and delaying adjuvant therapy. METHODS We conducted comprehensive review of all consecutive patients who underwent mastectomy and immediate implant-based reconstruction from January 2018 to December 2019. Nine supervised ML algorithms were developed to predict MSFN. Patient data were partitioned into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets. RESULTS We identified 694 mastectomies with immediate implant-based reconstruction in 481 patients. The patients had a mean age of 50 ± 11.5 years, years, a mean body mass index of 26.7 ± 4.8 kg/m 2 , and a median follow-up time of 16.1 (range, 11.9-23.2) months. MSFN developed in 6% (n = 40) of patients. The random forest model demonstrated the best discriminatory performance (area under curve, 0.70), achieved a mean accuracy of 89% (95% confidence interval, 83-94), and identified 10 predictors of MSFN. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that ML models have a superior net benefit regardless of the probability threshold. Higher body mass index, older age, hypertension, subpectoral device placement, nipple-sparing mastectomy, axillary nodal dissection, and no acellular dermal matrix use were all independently associated with a higher risk of MSFN. CONCLUSIONS ML algorithms trained on readily available perioperative clinical data can accurately predict the occurrence of MSFN and aid in individualized patient counseling, preoperative optimization, and surgical planning to reduce the risk of this devastating complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas M Hassan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Expanding Candidacy for Nipple-sparing Mastectomy in Women with Large or Ptotic Breasts: Staged Reconstruction Outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2023; 11:e4767. [PMID: 36776594 PMCID: PMC9911193 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of the nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) technique has dramatically improved breast reconstruction, and preservation of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) positively influences patient satisfaction. However, women with large, ptotic breasts have historically not been candidates for NAC preservation due to impaired perfusion of the NAC leading to NAC loss. Although reduction mammoplasty has been reported as a strategy to increase candidacy for NSM, success rates and surgical outcomes for this staged approach are not well described in heterogeneous clinical scenarios. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent reduction mammoplasty followed by NSM at our institution between January 2014 and September 2020. Clinical and surgical characteristics were collected. All surgical complications, including NAC loss rates, were analyzed. Results Forty-one patients (74 breasts) underwent staged NSM during the defined time period. The average time between breast reduction mammoplasty and NSM was 213 days. Overall, 94.6% of NSM resulted in successful nipple preservation. There was no significant difference in the time interval from breast reduction mammoplasty to NSM between patients who had NAC loss (208 days) and those who did not (213 days, P = 0.87). Increasing age was significantly associated with risk of NAC loss (P = 0.002) in our cohort. Conclusions In women with breast ptosis (which precludes safe NSM), it is possible to first offer reduction mammoplasty to preserve the NAC for future NSM. Our data suggest that 3 months between staged procedures is a safe time frame.
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Does the Duration of Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis Influence the Incidence of Postoperative Surgical-Site Infections in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction in Women with Breast Cancer? A Retrospective Study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 149:617e-628e. [PMID: 35103626 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is an established concept to reduce the risk of surgical-site infections; however, the optimal treatment duration in prosthetic breast reconstruction is still controversial. This study evaluated a potential association between the perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis duration (≤24 hours versus >24 hours) and incidence of postoperative surgical-site infections in immediate implant-based breast reconstruction in breast cancer patients. METHODS A descriptive, retrospective analysis of surgical-site infections after immediate implant-based breast reconstruction in breast cancer patients between January of 2011 and December of 2018 was performed. The incidence of postoperative surgical-site infections in patients with more than 24 hours of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis was compared to patients treated for 24 hours or less. RESULTS A total of 240 patients who met criteria were included. There were no relevant epidemiologic, clinical, or histopathologic differences between groups. Surgical-site infections as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria occurred in 25.8 percent. A risk factor-adjusted analysis by a prespecified multiple logistic regression model showed that 24 hours or less of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis was not inferior to treatment for more than 24 hours. The upper limit of the one-sided 95 percent confidence interval of the risk difference was 9.4 percent (below the prespecified noninferiority margin of 10 percent leading to statistical significance). Risk factors for a surgical-site infection included obesity and postoperative wound complications. CONCLUSIONS The study found no association between short-course perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (≤24 hours) and an increased rate of postoperative surgical-site infection. This is of high clinical relevance because short-course treatment can help reduce side effects and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and prevent surgical-site infections as effectively as a prolonged perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis course. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, III.
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Verdial FC, Bartek MA, Anderson BO, Javid SH. Genetic testing and surgical treatment after breast cancer diagnosis: Results from a national online cohort. J Surg Oncol 2021; 123:1504-1512. [PMID: 33735483 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic testing for hereditary breast cancer has implications for breast cancer decision-making. We examined genetic testing rates, factors associated with testing, and the relationship between genetic testing and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM). METHODS Patients with breast cancer (2000-2015) from The Health of Women Study were identified and categorized as low, moderate, or high-likelihood of the genetic mutation using a previously published scale based on period-relevant national guidelines incorporating age and family history. Genetic testing and CPM rates were compared using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Among 4170 patients (median age 56-years), 38% were categorized as high-likelihood of having a genetic mutation. Among high-likelihood women, 67% underwent genetic testing, the odds of which were increased among women of higher-education and White-race (p < .001). Among 2028 patients reporting surgical treatment, 385 (19%) chose CPM. CPM rate was highest among mutation-positive women (41%), but 26% of women with negative tests still underwent CPM. Independent of test result, genetic testing increased the odds of CPM on multivariate analysis (adjusted-OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.29-2.22). CONCLUSIONS Genetic testing rates were higher among women at high-likelihood of mutation carriage, but one-third of these women were not tested. Racial disparities persisted, highlighting the need to improve testing in non-White populations. CPM rates were associated with mutation-carriage and genetic testing, but many women chose CPM despite negative testing, suggesting that well-educated women consider factors other than cancer mortality in selecting CPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francys C Verdial
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew A Bartek
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Benjamin O Anderson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sara H Javid
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Leonardis JM, Wolff WL, Momoh AO, Lipps DB. Neuromuscular compensation strategies adopted at the shoulder following bilateral subpectoral implant breast reconstruction. J Biomech 2021; 120:110348. [PMID: 33744721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immediate two-stage subpectoral implant breast reconstruction after mastectomy requires the surgical disinsertion of the sternocostal fiber region of the pectoralis major (PM). The disinsertion of the PM would need increased contributions from intact shoulder musculature to generate shoulder torques. This study aimed to identify neuromuscular compensation strategies adopted by subpectoral implant breast reconstruction patients using novel muscle synergy analyses. Fourteen patients treated bilaterally with subpectoral implant breast reconstruction (>2.5 years post-reconstruction) were compared to ten healthy controls. Surface electromyography was obtained from sixteen shoulder muscles as participants generated eight three-dimensional (3D) shoulder torques in five two-dimensional arm postures bilaterally. Non-negative matrix factorization revealed the muscle synergies utilized by each experimental group on the dominant and non-dominant limbs, and the normalized similarity index assessed group differences in overall synergy structure. Bilateral subpectoral implant patients exhibited similar shoulder strength to healthy controls on the dominant and non-dominant arms. Our results suggest that 3D shoulder torque is driven by three shoulder muscle synergies in both healthy participants and subpectoral implant patients. Two out of three synergies were more similar than is expected by chance between the groups on the non-dominant arm, whereas only one synergy is more similar than is expected by chance on the dominant arm. While bilateral shoulder strength is maintained following bilateral subpectoral implant breast reconstruction, a closer analysis of the muscle synergy patterns underlying 3D shoulder torque generation reveals that subpectoral implant patients adopt compensatory neuromuscular strategies only with the dominant arm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Whitney L Wolff
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adeyiza O Momoh
- Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David B Lipps
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Mandelbaum A, Nakhla M, Seo YJ, Dobaria V, Attai DJ, Baker JL, Thompson CK, DiNome ML, Benharash P, Lee MK. National trends and predictors of mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction. Am J Surg 2021; 222:773-779. [PMID: 33627231 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate national trends in utilization, resource use, and predictors of immediate breast reconstruction (IR) after mastectomy. METHODS The 2005-2014 National Inpatient Sample database was used to identify adult women undergoing mastectomy. IR was defined as any reconstruction during the same inpatient stay. Multivariable regression models were utilized to identify factors associated with IR. RESULTS Of 729,340 patients undergoing mastectomy, 41.3% received IR. Rates of IR increased from 28.2% in 2005 to 58.2% in 2014 (NP-trend<0.001). Compared to mastectomy alone, IR was associated with increased length of stay (2.5 vs. 2.1 days, P < 0.001) and hospitalization costs ($17,628 vs. $8,643, P < 0.001), which increased over time (P < 0.001). Predictors of IR included younger age, fewer comorbidities, White race, private insurance, top income quartile, teaching hospital designation, high mastectomy volume, and performance of bilateral mastectomy. CONCLUSION Mastectomy with IR is increasingly performed with resource utilization rising at a steady pace. Our study points to persistent sociodemographic and hospital level disparities associated with the under-utilization of IR. Efforts are needed to alleviate disparities in IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Mandelbaum
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Morcos Nakhla
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Young Ji Seo
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Vishal Dobaria
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Deanna J Attai
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer L Baker
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carlie K Thompson
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maggie L DiNome
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Peyman Benharash
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Minna K Lee
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Breast Cancer Extirpation, Reconstruction, and COVID-19: Paradigm Shifting Management during a Global Pandemic. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 9:e3396. [PMID: 33552821 PMCID: PMC7861651 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ozturk CN, Ozturk C, Soucise A, Ahsan N, Kuhn J, Platek M, Lohman R, Moon W, Gurunian R. Bilateral immediate two-stage breast reconstruction in patients with unilateral breast cancer: Outcomes analysis and risk assessment. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 74:480-485. [PMID: 33069605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy has the potential to decrease the occurrence of cancer and reduce psychological burden. However, it is known that complications after bilateral mastectomy are higher compared with unilateral mastectomy. Our goal was to evaluate outcomes of immediate breast reconstruction in patients undergoing bilateral mastectomy and to compare complication rates between therapeutic and prophylactic sides. PATIENTS AND METHODS Electronic medical records of patients with unilateral breast cancer who underwent bilateral mastectomy and immediate reconstruction with expanders were reviewed. Postoperative complications were compared between therapeutic and prophylactic mastectomy sides. RESULTS Sixty-two patients were analyzed. The overall complication rate after both stages was 23.9% on the therapeutic side and 16.5% on the prophylactic side. Infection was the most common complication on both sides. All infections on the prophylactic mastectomy side were successfully treated with intravenous (IV) antibiotics (salvage rate of 100%), whereas 35.7% of infected tissue expander/implants on the therapeutic mastectomy side were explanted despite treatment. CONCLUSION Careful counselling of patients undergoing elective contralateral prophylactic mastectomy is essential as complications can develop in either breast after reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemile Nurdan Ozturk
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Head, Neck & Plastic Surgery, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States.
| | - Can Ozturk
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Head, Neck & Plastic Surgery, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Allison Soucise
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Head, Neck & Plastic Surgery, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Nabiha Ahsan
- State University of New York, Jacob's School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Joseph Kuhn
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mary Platek
- D'Youville College, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Robert Lohman
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Head, Neck & Plastic Surgery, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Wong Moon
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Head, Neck & Plastic Surgery, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
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Immediate Breast Reconstruction in The Netherlands and the United States: A Proof-of-Concept to Internationally Compare Quality of Care Using Cancer Registry Data. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 144:565e-574e. [PMID: 31568284 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies based on large-volume databases have made significant contributions to research on breast cancer surgery. To date, no comparison between large-volume databases has been made internationally. This is the first proof-of-concept study exploring the feasibility of combining two existing operational databases of The Netherlands and the United States, focusing on breast cancer care and immediate breast reconstruction specifically.313/291 METHODS:: The National Breast Cancer Organization The Netherlands Breast Cancer Audit (NBCA) (2011 to 2015) and the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2010 to 2013) were compared on structure and content. Data variables were grouped into general, treatment-specific, cancer-specific, and follow-up variables and were matched. As proof-of-concept, mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction rates in patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ were analyzed. RESULTS The NBCA included 115 variables and SEER included 112. The NBCA included significantly more treatment-specific variables (n = 46 versus 6), whereas the SEER database included more cancer-specific variables (n = 74 versus 26). In patients diagnosed with breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ, immediate breast reconstruction was performed in 19.3 percent and 24.0 percent of the breast cancer cohort and 44.0 percent and 35.3 percent of the ductal carcinoma in situ cohort in the NBCA and SEER, respectively. Immediate breast reconstruction rates increased significantly over time in both data sets. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a first overview of available registry data on breast cancer care in The Netherlands and the United States, and revealed limited data on treatment in the United States. Comparison of treatment patterns of immediate breast reconstruction showed interesting differences. The authors advocate the urgency for an international database with alignment of (treatment) variables to improve quality of breast cancer care for patients across the globe.
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Ellis RJ, Schlick CJR, Yang AD, Barber EL, Bilimoria KY, Merkow RP. Utilization and Treatment Patterns of Cytoreduction Surgery and Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in the United States. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 27:214-221. [PMID: 31187369 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) is an effective treatment option for selected patients with peritoneal metastases (PM), but national utilization patterns are poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe population-based trends in national utilization of CRS/IPC; (2) define the most common indications for the procedure; and (3) characterize the types of hospitals performing the procedure. METHODS The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to identify patients from 2006 to 2015 who underwent CRS/IPC, and to calculate national estimates of procedural frequency and oncologic indication. Hospitals performing CRS/IPC were classified based on size and teaching status. RESULTS The estimated annual number of CRS/IPC cases increased significantly from 189 to 1540 (p < 0.001). Overall, appendiceal cancer was the most common indication (25.7%), followed by ovarian cancer (23.3%), colorectal cancer (22.5%), and unspecified PM (15.0%). Remaining cases (13.5%) were performed for other indications. Most cases were performed in large teaching hospitals (65.9%), compared with smaller teaching hospitals (25.1%), large non-teaching hospitals (5.3%), or small non-teaching hospitals (3.2%). Patients were more likely to undergo CRS/IPC without a diagnosis based on level I evidence (appendiceal, ovarian, or colorectal) at large non-academic hospitals (odds ratio 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.18-3.38, p = 0.010) compared with large academic hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Utilization of CRS/IPC is increasing steadily in the US, is performed at many types of facilities, and often for a variety of indications that are not supported by high-level evidence. Given associated morbidity of CRS/IPC, a national registry dedicated to cases of IPC is necessary to further evaluate use and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Ellis
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern Institute for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cary Jo R Schlick
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern Institute for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anthony D Yang
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern Institute for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emma L Barber
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karl Y Bilimoria
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern Institute for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan P Merkow
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Northwestern Institute for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL, USA.
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12
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Angarita FA, Dossa F, Zuckerman J, McCready DR, Cil TD. Is immediate breast reconstruction safe in women over 70? An analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:215-224. [PMID: 31154580 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The safety of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) in older women is largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the 30-day postoperative complication rates following IBR (implant-based or autologous) in older women (≥ 70 years) with breast cancer and to compare them to younger women (18-69 years). METHODS The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was used to identify women with in situ or invasive breast cancer who underwent IBR (2005-2016). Outcomes included 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality, which were compared across age groups stratified by type of reconstruction. RESULTS Of 28,850 women who underwent implant-based and 9123 who underwent autologous reconstruction, older women comprised 6.5% and 5.7% of the sample, respectively. Compared to younger women, older women had more comorbidities, shorter operative times, and longer length of hospital stay. In the implant-based reconstruction group, the 30-day morbidity rate was significantly higher in older women (7.5% vs 5.3%, p < 0.0001) due to higher rates of infectious, pulmonary, and venous thromboembolic events. Wound morbidity and prosthesis failure occurred equally among age groups. In the autologous reconstruction group, there was no statistically significant difference in the 30-day morbidity rates (older 9.5% vs younger 11.6%, p = 0.15). Both wound morbidity and flap failure rates were similar between the two age groups. For both reconstruction techniques, mortality within 30 days of breast surgery was rare. CONCLUSION Immediate breast reconstruction is safe in older women. These data support the notion that surgeons should discuss IBR as a safe and integral part of cancer treatment in well-selected older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A Angarita
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fahima Dossa
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jesse Zuckerman
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David R McCready
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tulin D Cil
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, 610 University Ave, OPG- 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.
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13
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Wang M, Chen H, Wu K, Ding A, Zhang P, Zhang M. Post-mastectomy immediate breast reconstruction is oncologically safe in well-selected T4 locally advanced breast cancer: a large population-based study and matched case–control analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 176:337-347. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05240-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Expanded Algorithm and Updated Experience with Breast Reconstruction Using a Staged Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy following Mastopexy or Reduction Mammaplasty in the Large or Ptotic Breast. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143:688e-697e. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 30-Day Challenge: Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction Outcomes Reporting Reliability. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2018; 6:e1643. [PMID: 29707443 PMCID: PMC5908495 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: The aim was to assess reliability of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) 30-day perioperative outcomes and complications for immediate, free-tissue transfer breast reconstruction by direct comparisons with our 30-day and overall institutional data, and assessing those that occur after 30 days. Methods: Data were retrieved for consecutive immediate, free-tissue transfer breast reconstruction patients from a single-institution database (2010–2015) and the ACS-NSQIP (2011–2014). Multiple logistic regressions were performed to compare adjusted outcomes between the 2 datasets. Results: For institutional versus ACS-NSQIP outcomes, there were no significant differences in surgical-site infection (SSI; 30-day, 3.6% versus 4.1%, P = 0.818; overall, 5.3% versus 4.1%, P = 0.198), wound disruption (WD; 30-day, 1.3% versus 1.5%, P = 0.526; overall, 2.3% versus 1.5%, P = 0.560), or unplanned readmission (URA; 30-day, 2.3% versus 3.3%, P = 0.714; overall, 4.6% versus 3.3%, P = 0.061). However, the ACS-NSQIP reported a significantly higher unplanned reoperation (URO) rate (30-day, 3.6% versus 9.5%, P < 0.001; overall, 5.3% versus 9.5%, P = 0.025). Institutional complications consisted of 5.3% SSI, 2.3% WD, 5.3% URO, and 4.6% URA, of which 25.0% SSI, 28.6% WD, 12.5% URO, and 7.1% URA occurred at 30–60 days, and 6.3% SSI, 14.3% WD, 18.8% URO, and 42.9% URA occurred after 60 days. Conclusion: For immediate, free-tissue breast reconstruction, the ACS-NSQIP may be reliable for monitoring and comparing SSI, WD, URO, and URA rates. However, clinicians may find it useful to understand limitations of the ACS-NSQIP for complications and risk factors, as it may underreport complications occurring beyond 30 days.
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Beugels J, Bod L, van Kuijk SMJ, Qiu SS, Tuinder SMH, Heuts EM, Piatkowski A, van der Hulst RRWJ. Complications following immediate compared to delayed deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap breast reconstructions. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 169:349-357. [PMID: 29399731 PMCID: PMC5945748 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose As more breast cancer patients opt for immediate breast reconstruction, the incidence of complications should be evaluated. The aim of this study was to analyze the recipient-site complications and flap re-explorations of immediate compared to delayed deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstructions. Methods For this multicenter retrospective cohort study, the medical records of all patients who underwent DIEP flap breast reconstruction in three hospitals in the Netherlands between January 2010 and June 2017 were reviewed. Patient demographics, risk factors, timing of reconstruction, recipient-site complications, and flap re-explorations were recorded. Results A total of 910 DIEP flap breast reconstructions (n = 397 immediate and n = 513 delayed reconstructions) in 737 patients were included. There were no significant differences in major complications or flap re-explorations between immediate and delayed reconstructions. The total flap failure rate was 1.5 and 2.5% in the immediate and delayed group, respectively. Significantly more hematomas (OR 2.91; 95% CI 1.59–5.30; p = 0.001) and seromas (OR 3.60; 95% CI 1.14–11.4; p = 0.029) occurred in immediate reconstructions, whereas wound problems were more frequently observed in delayed reconstructions (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.27–3.11; p = 0.003). Correction for potential confounders still showed significant differences for hematoma and seroma, but no longer for wound problems (p = 0.052). Conclusions This study demonstrated similar incidences of major recipient-site complications and flap re-explorations between immediate and delayed DIEP flap breast reconstructions. However, hematoma and seroma occurred significantly more often in immediate reconstructions, while wound problems were more frequently observed in delayed reconstructions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-018-4695-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Beugels
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - L Bod
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S M J van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S S Qiu
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S M H Tuinder
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E M Heuts
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Piatkowski
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - R R W J van der Hulst
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
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Offodile AC, Muldoon LD, Gani F, Canner JK, Jacobs LK. The site of care matters: An examination of the relationship between high Medicaid burden hospitals and the use, cost, and complications of immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Cancer 2017; 124:346-355. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaeze C. Offodile
- Johns Hopkins Surgery Center for Outcomes Research; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | | | - Faiz Gani
- Johns Hopkins Surgery Center for Outcomes Research; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Joseph K. Canner
- Johns Hopkins Surgery Center for Outcomes Research; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Lisa K. Jacobs
- Johns Hopkins Surgery Center for Outcomes Research; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
- Department of Surgery; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial federal resources have been directed toward ensuring the delivery of high-quality care at safety net hospitals. Although disparities in receipt of breast reconstruction persist at the patient level, the extent to which hospital factors contribute to these differences remains unclear. The rates of immediate breast reconstruction across safety net and non-safety net hospitals were investigated. METHODS Women 21 years and older with breast cancer or increased risk of breast cancer undergoing immediate post-mastectomy reconstruction were identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. Safety net hospitals were defined as hospitals with the highest tertile of Medicaid disproportionate share hospital payment adjustments. Adjusted odds ratios of undergoing reconstruction were calculated. RESULTS Thirty-one percent of patients (n = 10,910) at safety net hospitals underwent immediate reconstruction compared with 46 percent of patients (n = 14,619) at non-safety net hospitals (p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that women at non-safety net hospitals were significantly more likely to undergo reconstruction (OR, 1.89; 95 percent CI, 1.65 to 2.16). However, analysis by study year revealed that rates of reconstruction at safety net hospitals increased over time. CONCLUSIONS After accounting for sociodemographic factors, women undergoing mastectomies at safety net hospitals remain less likely to undergo immediate breast reconstruction. However, the differences in rates of reconstruction between safety net and non-safety net hospitals have narrowed over time. The availability of immediate reconstruction lessens the psychological trauma of mastectomy, and it is critical to continue redirecting federal efforts toward this valuable component of breast cancer care. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Risk, II.
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19
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Zoghbi Y, Borsting EA, Chim JH, Panthaki ZJ. Smoking as a risk factor for wound dehiscence in nipple reconstruction: An analysis of 1683 cases. Breast J 2017; 24:99-100. [PMID: 28608605 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Zoghbi
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emily A Borsting
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jimmy H Chim
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zubin J Panthaki
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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20
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Mastectomy and Immediate Breast Reconstruction for Cancer in the Elderly: A National Cancer Data Base Study. J Am Coll Surg 2017; 224:895-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Kamali P, Curiel D, van Veldhuisen CL, Bucknor AEM, Lee BT, Rakhorst HA, Lin SJ. Trends in immediate breast reconstruction and early complication rates among older women: A big data analysis. J Surg Oncol 2017; 115:870-877. [PMID: 28409847 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although approximately 57% of breast cancer (BC) diagnoses are in older patients (>60 years), only 4.1-14% receives breast reconstruction (BR). This has been attributed to physician concerns about operative complications. This paper aims to: 1) analyze the 30-day complication rates in the older patient population undergoing immediate breast reconstruction (IBR); and 2) analyze links between complication type and category of reconstruction. METHODS Using the ACS-NSQIP database (2005-2014), all women older than 60 years of age diagnosed with BC and DCIS were identified. IBR and complication rates were plotted for all ages. Patients were divided into those with and those without complications. Patient demographics and co-morbidities were compared. Complications within each type of reconstruction were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 4450 BC and 1104 DCIS patients, 22.3% (BC) and 20.9% (DCIS) had complications. IBR decreased significantly with increased age (P < 0.00 in both cohorts), while complication rates remained stable across all ages (P = 0.32 in BC, P = 0.69 in DCIS patients). Patients were well matched in terms of demographics. CONCLUSIONS The rates of breast reconstruction decrease with increasing age. Despite increasing age, associated complication rates in IBR patients remained stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kamali
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Curiel
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charlotte L van Veldhuisen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra E M Bucknor
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bernard T Lee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hinne A Rakhorst
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Plastic- Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel J Lin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Differences in the Reporting of Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities among Three Large National Databases for Breast Reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139:795-807. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Yuan J, Malin B, Modave F, Guo Y, Hogan WR, Shenkman E, Bian J. Towards a privacy preserving cohort discovery framework for clinical research networks. J Biomed Inform 2017; 66:42-51. [PMID: 28007583 PMCID: PMC5316314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The last few years have witnessed an increasing number of clinical research networks (CRNs) focused on building large collections of data from electronic health records (EHRs), claims, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Many of these CRNs provide a service for the discovery of research cohorts with various health conditions, which is especially useful for rare diseases. Supporting patient privacy can enhance the scalability and efficiency of such processes; however, current practice mainly relies on policy, such as guidelines defined in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which are insufficient for CRNs (e.g., HIPAA does not require encryption of data - which can mitigate insider threats). By combining policy with privacy enhancing technologies we can enhance the trustworthiness of CRNs. The goal of this research is to determine if searchable encryption can instill privacy in CRNs without sacrificing their usability. METHODS We developed a technique, implemented in working software to enable privacy-preserving cohort discovery (PPCD) services in large distributed CRNs based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). This technique also incorporates a block indexing strategy to improve the performance (in terms of computational running time) of PPCD. We evaluated the PPCD service with three real cohort definitions: (1) elderly cervical cancer patients who underwent radical hysterectomy, (2) oropharyngeal and tongue cancer patients who underwent robotic transoral surgery, and (3) female breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy) with varied query complexity. These definitions were tested in an encrypted database of 7.1 million records derived from the publically available Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). We assessed the performance of the PPCD service in terms of (1) accuracy in cohort discovery, (2) computational running time, and (3) privacy afforded to the underlying records during PPCD. RESULTS The empirical results indicate that the proposed PPCD can execute cohort discovery queries in a reasonable amount of time, with query runtime in the range of 165-262s for the 3 use cases, with zero compromise in accuracy. We further show that the search performance is practical because it supports a highly parallelized design for secure evaluation over encrypted records. Additionally, our security analysis shows that the proposed construction is resilient to standard adversaries. CONCLUSIONS PPCD services can be designed for clinical research networks. The security construction presented in this work specifically achieves high privacy guarantees by preventing both threats originating from within and beyond the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yuan
- Department of Electrical, Computer, Software, & Systems Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, United States
| | - Bradley Malin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - François Modave
- Health Outcomes & Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yi Guo
- Health Outcomes & Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - William R Hogan
- Health Outcomes & Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Elizabeth Shenkman
- Health Outcomes & Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jiang Bian
- Health Outcomes & Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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24
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Gerber B, Marx M, Untch M, Faridi A. Breast Reconstruction Following Cancer Treatment. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 113:286. [PMID: 26377531 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 8000 breast reconstructions after mastectomy are per - formed in Germany each year. It has become more difficult to advise patients because of the wide variety of heterologous and autologous techniques that are now available and because of changes in the recommendations about radiotherapy. METHODS This article is based on a review of pertinent articles (2005-2014) that were retrieved by a selective search employing the search terms "mastectomy" and "breast reconstruction." RESULTS The goal of reconstruction is to achieve an oncologically safe and aestically satisfactory result for the patient over the long term. Heterologous, i.e., implant-based, breast reconstruction (IBR) and autologous breast reconstruction (ABR) are complementary techniques. Immediate reconstruction preserves the skin of the breast and its natural form and prevents the psychological trauma associated with mastectomy. If post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) is not indicated, implant-based reconstruction with or without a net/acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is a common option. Complications such as seroma formation, infection, and explantation are significantly more common when an ADM is used (15.3% vs. 5.4% ). If PMRT is performed, then the complication rate of implant-based breast reconstruction is 1 to 48% ; in particular, Baker grade III/IV capsular fibrosis occurs in 7 to 22% of patients, and the prosthesis must be explanted in 9 to 41% . Primary or, preferably, secondary autologous reconstruction is an alternative. The results of ABR are more stable over the long term, but the operation is markedly more complex. Autologous breast reconstruction after PMRT does not increase the risk of serious complications (20.5% vs. 17.9% without radiotherapy). CONCLUSION No randomized controlled trials have yet been conducted to compare the reconstructive techniques with each other. If radiotherapy will not be performed, immediate reconstruction with an implant is recommended. On the other hand, if post-mastectomy radiotherapy is indicated, then secondary autologous breast reconstruction is the procedure of choice. Future studies should address patients' quality of life and the long-term aesthetic results after breast reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Gerber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, Clinic for Plastic Surgery, Radebeul, Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Center for Breast Diseases, Vivantes Hospital am Urban, Berlin
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25
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Chang JM, Kosiorek HE, Dueck AC, Casey WJ, Rebecca AM, Mahabir R, Patel SH, Keole SR, Wong WW, Vargas CE, Halyard MY, Gray RJ, Wasif N, Stucky CCH, Pockaj BA. Trends in mastectomy and reconstruction for breast cancer; a twelve year experience from a tertiary care center. Am J Surg 2016; 212:1201-1210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Hieken TJ, Boughey JC. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy and its impact on quality of life. Gland Surg 2016; 5:439-43. [PMID: 27562384 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2016.05.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina J Hieken
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Judy C Boughey
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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27
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Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) traditionally has been managed through various combinations of surgery, radiation, and endocrine therapy. However, concern for under- or over-treatment of DCIS has led many surgeons to question historically standardized approaches and instead begin to tailor treatment based on individual prognostic indicators. Recent and ongoing clinical trials have investigated the potential for active surveillance in DCIS, the possibility of eliminating radiation therapy (RT), and ways in which adjuvant systemic therapy may be refined. This review will summarize the current trends in the treatment of DCIS, as well as highlight the most pertinent clinical trials that are shaping management today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina B Mitchell
- Breast Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1484, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Henry Kuerer
- Breast Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1484, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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28
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Hieken TJ, Boolbol SK, Dietz JR. Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Indications, Contraindications, Risks, Benefits, and Techniques. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:3138-44. [PMID: 27406096 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina J Hieken
- Division of Subspecialty General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Susan K Boolbol
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Medical Center, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jill R Dietz
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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29
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Carter SA, Lyons GR, Kuerer HM, Bassett RL, Oates S, Thompson A, Caudle AS, Mittendorf EA, Bedrosian I, Lucci A, DeSnyder SM, Babiera G, Yi M, Baumann DP, Clemens MW, Garvey PB, Hunt KK, Hwang RF. Operative and Oncologic Outcomes in 9861 Patients with Operable Breast Cancer: Single-Institution Analysis of Breast Conservation with Oncoplastic Reconstruction. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:3190-8. [PMID: 27406093 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncoplastic reconstruction is an approach that enables patients with locally advanced or adversely located tumors to undergo breast conserving surgery (BCS). The objectives were to identify the use of BCS with oncoplastic reconstruction (BCS + R) and determine the operative and oncologic outcomes compared with other breast surgical procedures for breast cancer. METHODS This retrospective cohort study interrogated a single institution's prospectively maintained databases to identify patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer between 2007 and 2014. Surgeries were categorized as BCS, BCS + R, total mastectomy (TM), or TM with immediate reconstruction (TM + R). Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics and postoperative complications were analyzed. RESULTS There were 10,607 operations performed for 9861 patients. Median follow-up was 3.4 years (range, 0-9.1 years). The use of BCS + R had a nearly fourfold increase in the percentage of all breast cancer surgeries during the study period; 75 % of patients who underwent BCS + R had a T1 or T2 tumor. There was no difference in the use of BCS + R compared with BCS for any quadrant of the breast except the lower outer quadrant (11.1 vs. 6.8 %; p < .0001). BCS + R had a lower rate of seroma formation (13.4 vs. 18 %; p = .002) and positive or close margins compared with BCS (5.8 vs. 8.3 %; p = .04). There was no difference in overall survival or recurrence-free survival when comparing BCS and BCS + R. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing BCS + R are not disadvantaged in terms of complications and short-term (3-year) outcomes compared with BCS patients or patients who underwent TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Carter
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Genevieve R Lyons
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Henry M Kuerer
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roland L Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott Oates
- Center for Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alastair Thompson
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abigail S Caudle
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabelle Bedrosian
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Lucci
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah M DeSnyder
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gildy Babiera
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donald P Baumann
- Center for Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark W Clemens
- Center for Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick B Garvey
- Center for Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly K Hunt
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Analyzing Regional Differences over a 15-Year Trend of One-Stage versus Two-Stage Breast Reconstruction in 941,191 Postmastectomy Patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 138:1e-14e. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Murphy BL, Hoskin TL, Boughey JC, Degnim AC, Glazebrook KN, Hieken TJ. Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy for Women with T4 Locally Advanced Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:3365-70. [PMID: 27364506 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) for women with unilateral breast cancer is increasing. The authors were interested in assessing whether this trend extended to patients with T4 disease. METHODS We identified 92 patients from our prospective breast surgery registry with unilateral clinical T4 M0 disease who underwent mastectomy at our institution from October 2008 to July 2015. Patient, tumor, and treatment variables were compared between patients who did and those who did not undergo CPM, and the reasons patients elected CPM were ascertained. RESULTS Of the 92 patients, 33 (36 %) underwent a CPM, including 25 of 55 patients (45 %) with inflammatory breast cancer. Immediate breast reconstruction was performed for 11 of the 92 patients (12 %), including 4 CPM patients. Pathology showed benign findings in all 33 CPM cases, including 3 patients with atypical hyperplasia. The primary reason for CPM reported by the patients included fear of occult current or future breast cancer in 12 cases (36 %), symmetry in 11 cases (33 %), avoidance of future chemotherapy in 5 cases (15 %), deleterious BRCA mutation in 2 cases (6 %), contralateral benign breast disease in 2 cases (6 %), and medical oncologist recommendation in 1 cases (3 %). Patients selecting CPM were younger and more likely to have undergone BRCA testing. CONCLUSIONS A substantial rate of CPM was observed among women undergoing mastectomy for unilateral T4 breast cancer despite the considerable risk of mortality from their index cancer. The reasons for selection of CPM paralleled those reported for patients with early-stage disease. The most common motivation was fear of occult current or future breast cancer and included the desire to avoid further chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanya L Hoskin
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Amy C Degnim
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Tina J Hieken
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Tan MP. Is there an Ideal Breast Conservation Rate for the Treatment of Breast Cancer? Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:2825-31. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate access to breast reconstruction was a motivating factor underlying passage of the Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act. It remains unclear whether all patients interested in breast reconstruction undergo this procedure. The aim of this study was to determine whether geographic disparities are present that limit the rate and method of postmastectomy reconstruction. METHODS Travel distance in miles between the patient's residence and the hospital reporting the case was used as a quantitative measure of geographic disparities. The American College of Surgeons National Cancer Database was queried for mastectomy with or without reconstruction performed from 1998 to 2011. Reconstructive procedures were categorized as implant or autologous techniques. Standard statistical tests including linear regression were performed. RESULTS Patients who underwent breast reconstruction had to travel farther than those who had mastectomy alone (p < 0.01). A linear correlation was demonstrated between travel distance and reconstruction rates (p < 0.01). The mean distances traveled by patients who underwent reconstruction at community, comprehensive community, or academic programs were 10.3, 19.9, and 26.2 miles, respectively (p < 0.01). Reconstruction rates were significantly greater at academic programs. Patients traveled farther to undergo autologous compared with prosthetic reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS Although greater patient awareness and insurance coverage have contributed to increased breast reconstruction rates in the United States, the presence of geographic barriers suggests an unmet need. Academic programs have the greatest reconstruction rates, but are located farther from patients' residences. Increasing the number of plastics surgeons, especially in community centers, would be one method of addressing this inequality.
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Beugels J, Hoekstra LT, Tuinder SMH, Heuts EM, van der Hulst RRWJ, Piatkowski AA. Complications in unilateral versus bilateral deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap breast reconstructions: A multicentre study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2016; 69:1291-8. [PMID: 27236501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is the first choice for autologous breast reconstruction. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to analyse the recipient- and donor-site complications and compare them between unilateral and bilateral DIEP flap breast reconstructions. METHODS Between January 2010 and December 2014, 530 DIEP flap reconstructions were performed in 426 consecutive patients in three Dutch hospitals. Major and minor complications were categorised into recipient- and donor-site complications. Post-operative flap re-explorations were recorded. RESULTS Of the total 530 DIEP flap reconstructions performed (322 unilateral, 104 bilateral), recipient-site complications were major in 9.8% and minor in 20.2%. The patients developed fat necrosis (unilateral 14.0% vs. bilateral 7.7%; OR 1.950; 95% CI 1.071-3.550; p = 0.027) and infection (unilateral 5.6% vs. bilateral 1.9%; OR 3.020; 95% CI 1.007-9.052; p = 0.039) at the recipient site significantly more frequently in the unilateral DIEP flap reconstructions. The donor-site complications were major in 0.9% and minor in 19.5% of the cases. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with complications (donor site: OR 1.137; 95% CI 1.075-1.201; p < 0.001, recipient site: OR 1.073; 95% CI 1.009-1.142; p = 0.026). Flap re-explorations were performed in 5.7% (n = 30) of the cases. Total flap loss occurred in 3.0% (n = 16) of the cases. CONCLUSIONS Bilateral DIEP flap breast reconstructions can be performed with the same percentage of complications and re-explorations as unilateral reconstructions and even result in less fat necrosis and infection at the recipient site. Higher BMIs are significantly associated with recipient- and donor-site complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Beugels
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
| | - L T Hoekstra
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - S M H Tuinder
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - E M Heuts
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - R R W J van der Hulst
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - A A Piatkowski
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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Hoskin TL, Hieken TJ, Degnim AC, Jakub JW, Jacobson SR, Boughey JC. Use of immediate breast reconstruction and choice for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Surgery 2016; 159:1199-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Krajewski AC, Boughey JC, Degnim AC, Jakub JW, Jacobson SR, Hoskin TL, Hieken TJ. Expanded Indications and Improved Outcomes for Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy Over Time. Ann Surg Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26202567 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demand for nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has increased. The authors' initial NSM guidelines included risk reduction and cancers 2 cm or smaller located more than 2 cm from the nipple. The relative contraindications included obesity, large and/or ptotic breasts, and prior radiation. This study aimed to evaluate changes over time in NSM indications, surgical approach, and early outcomes. METHODS After institutional review board approval, the study identified 354 patients scheduled for 588 NSMs, 341 (96%) of whom underwent 566 NSMs. Changes across time [early (2009-2010), mid (2011-2012), and recent (2013-6/2014)] were assessed using tests for linear trend. RESULTS For patients undergoing reconstruction, NSMs increased from 24% (early) to 40% (recent) (p = 0.004). Among the NSM patients, average body mass index, proportion with bra cup sizes of C or larger, and prior radiation increased significantly over time. Performance of NSM for tumors 2 cm or less from the nipple increased from 5 to 18%, and after neoadjuvant therapy, from 8 to 21.5% (p = 0.02). Use of inframammary, radial, and reduction-type incisions increased over time, together with intraoperative laser angiography (both p < 0.0001). Concomitantly, the overall complication rate, complications requiring treatment, and postoperative nipple loss decreased. During a median follow-up period of 19 months, five locoregional recurrences (LRR) were observed, for an estimated 2-year LRR rate of 1.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0-3.9%]. CONCLUSIONS Over time, the indications for NSM expanded in terms of patient characteristics, tumor stage, and prior therapy, whereas the complication rates decreased. Excellent short-term outcomes suggest that NSM is a reasonable approach for many risk-reduction and cancer patients without disease in the nipple-areolar complex. Further study is needed to assess long-term aesthetics, patient satisfaction, and oncologic safety.
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Matsen CB, Mehrara B, Eaton A, Capko D, Berg A, Stempel M, Van Zee KJ, Pusic A, King TA, Cody HS, Pilewskie M, Cordeiro P, Sclafani L, Plitas G, Gemignani ML, Disa J, El-Tamer M, Morrow M. Skin Flap Necrosis After Mastectomy With Reconstruction: A Prospective Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 23:257-64. [PMID: 26193963 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of mastectomy with immediate reconstruction are rising. Skin flap necrosis after this procedure is a recognized complication that can have an impact on cosmetic outcomes and patient satisfaction, and in worst cases can potentially delay adjuvant therapies. Many retrospective studies of this complication have identified variable event rates and inconsistent associated factors. METHODS A prospective study was designed to capture the rate of skin flap necrosis as well as pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables, with follow-up assessment to 8 weeks postoperatively. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed for factors associated with skin flap necrosis. RESULTS Of 606 consecutive procedures, 85 (14 %) had some level of skin flap necrosis: 46 mild (8 %), 6 moderate (1 %), 31 severe (5 %), and 2 uncategorized (0.3 %). Univariate analysis for any necrosis showed smoking, history of breast augmentation, nipple-sparing mastectomy, and time from incision to specimen removal to be significant. In multivariate models, nipple-sparing, time from incision to specimen removal, sharp dissection, and previous breast reduction were significant for any necrosis. Univariate analysis of only moderate or severe necrosis showed body mass index, diabetes, nipple-sparing mastectomy, specimen size, and expander size to be significant. Multivariate analysis showed nipple-sparing mastectomy and specimen size to be significant. Nipple-sparing mastectomy was associated with higher rates of necrosis at every level of severity. CONCLUSIONS Rates of skin flap necrosis are likely higher than reported in retrospective series. Modifiable technical variables have limited the impact on rates of necrosis. Patients with multiple risk factors should be counseled about the risks, especially if they are contemplating nipple-sparing mastectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy B Matsen
- Breast Care Team, Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Babak Mehrara
- Plastic and Reconstructive Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah Capko
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anastasia Berg
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Stempel
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly J Van Zee
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Pusic
- Plastic and Reconstructive Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tari A King
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Hiram S Cody
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Pilewskie
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Cordeiro
- Plastic and Reconstructive Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Sclafani
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Plitas
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary L Gemignani
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Disa
- Plastic and Reconstructive Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahmoud El-Tamer
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica Morrow
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Grimmer L, Liederbach E, Velasco J, Pesce C, Wang CH, Yao K. Variation in Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Rates According to Racial Groups in Young Women with Breast Cancer, 1998 to 2011: A Report from the National Cancer Data Base. J Am Coll Surg 2015; 221:187-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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In response to: Preston JF, Diggs BS, Dolan JP, Gilbert EW, Schein M, Hunter JG. Biliary dyskinesia: a surgical disease rarely found outside the United States. Am J Surg. 2015;209:799-803. Am J Surg 2015; 210:963. [PMID: 26116320 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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