Neural Invasion is a Significant Contributor to Peritoneal Recurrence in Signet Ring Cell Gastric Carcinoma

Mapping the landscape of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma: Overcoming hurdles and charting new paths for advancement

BACKGROUND

In recent years, the global prevalence of gastric cancer (GC) has witnessed a progressive decrease, accompanied by a step-growth in the incidence of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (GSRCC). As precision medicine concepts progress, GSRCC, a distinct sub-type of GC, has drawn considerable attention from researchers. However, there still persist some controversies regarding the associated research findings.

AIM

To summarize the current obstacles and potential future directions for research on GSRCC.

METHODS

To begin with, all literature related to GSRCC published from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2023 was subjected to bibliometric analysis in this article. Additionally, this paper analyzed the research data using CiteSpace, GraphPad Prism v8.0.2, and VOSviewer, which was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The analysis results were visually represented.

RESULTS

This study provided a comprehensive overview of the statistical characteristics of the 995 English articles related to GSRCC, including cited references, authors, journals, countries, institutions, and keywords. The popular keywords and clusters contain "prognosis", "survival", "expression", "histology", and "chemotherapy".

CONCLUSION

The prognosis, precise definition and classification, as well as chemoresistance of GSRCC, continue to be crucial areas of ongoing research, whose directions are closely tied to advancements in molecular biology research on GSRCC.

Long-term oncological outcomes of 3D versus 2D laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND

Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LG) is rapidly gaining popularity owing to its minimal invasiveness. Previous studies have found that compared with two-dimensional (2D)-LG, three-dimensional (3D)-LG showed better short-term outcomes. However, the long-term oncological outcomes in patients with locally resectable gastric cancer (GC) remain controversial.

METHODS

In this noninferiority, open-label, randomized clinical trial, a total of 438 eligible GC participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either 3D-LG or 2D-LG from January 2015 to April 2016. The primary endpoint was operating time, while the secondary endpoints included 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence pattern.

RESULTS

Data from 401 participants were included in the per-protocol analysis, with 204 patients in the 3D group and 197 patients in the 2D group. The 5-year OS and DFS rates were comparable between the 3D and 2D groups (5-year OS: 70.6% vs. 71.1%, Log-rank P = 0.743; 5-year DFS: 68.1% vs. 69.0%, log-rank P = 0.712). No significant differences were observed between the 3D and 2D groups in the 5-year recurrence rate (28.9% vs. 28.9%, P = 0.958) or recurrence time (mean time, 22.6 vs. 20.5 months, P = 0.412). Further stratified analysis based on the type of gastrectomy, postoperative pathological staging, and preoperative BMI showed that the 5-year OS, DFS, and recurrence rates of the 3D group in each subgroup were similar to those of the 2D group (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

For patients with locally resectable GC, 3D-LG performed by experienced surgeons in high-volume professional institutions can achieve long-term oncological outcomes comparable to those of 2D-LG.

REGISTRATION NUMBER

NCT02327481 ( http://clinicaltrials.gov ).

Neural Invasion is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Young and Lymph Node Negative Gastric Cancer Patients Underwent Curative Gastrectomy

BACKGROUND

The prognostic significance of neural invasion (NI) in gastric cancer (GC) has not been established. This study is to investigate the characteristic and prognostic value of NI in GC.

METHODS

592 patients who had undergone gastrectomy for GC were retrospectively analyzed. NI was defined when cancer cells infiltrated into the perineurium or neural fascicles by hematoxylin and eosin staining of surgical specimens. NI and the other clinical factors were analyzed.

RESULTS

NI was detected in 270 of the 592 patients. NI was associated with tumor size, site, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, D dissection, tumor differentiation, Lauren classification, and blood vessel invasion. NI was associated with the overall survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that NI was not an independent prognostic factor for total patients, while NI independently predicted prognosis for age < 60 and lymph node metastasis negative patients by subgroup analysis. Concomitant existence of NI with tumor size ≥3cm, TNM stage III, or diffused Lauren classification independently predicted prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS

The frequency of NI is high in GC patients and increases with disease progression. NI is related to poor survival in GC patients who underwent curative gastrectomy and provides independent prognostic value for young and lymph node metastasis negative patients.

Clinical Features of Gastric Signet Ring Cell Cancer: Results from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND

Conflicting results about the prognostic relevance of signet ring cell histology in gastric cancer have been reported. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis focusing on the clinicopathological features and prognosis of this subgroup of cancer compared with other histologies.

METHODS

A systematic literature search in the PubMed database was conducted, including all publications up to 1 October 2021. A meta-analysis comparing the results of the studies was performed.

RESULTS

A total of 2062 studies referring to gastric cancer with signet ring cell histology were identified, of which 262 studies reported on its relationship with clinical information. Of these, 74 were suitable to be included in the meta-analysis. A slightly lower risk of developing nodal metastases in signet ring cell tumours compared to other histotypes was found (especially to undifferentiated/poorly differentiated/mucinous and mixed histotypes); the lower risk was more evident in early and slightly increased in advanced gastric cancer. Survival tended to be better in early stage signet ring cell cancer compared to other histotypes; no differences were shown in advanced stages, and survival was poorer in metastatic patients. In the subgroup analysis, survival in signet ring cell cancer was slightly worse compared to non-signet ring cell cancer and differentiated/well-to-moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma.

CONCLUSIONS

Most of the conflicting results in signet ring cell gastric cancer literature could be derived from the lack of standardisation in their classification and the comparison with the different subtypes of gastric cancer. There is a critical need to strive for a standardised classification system for gastric cancer, fostering clarity and coherence in the forthcoming research and clinical applications.

Long noncoding RNA DIAPH2-AS1 promotes neural invasion of gastric cancer via stabilizing NSUN2 to enhance the m5C modification of NTN1

Neural invasion (NI) is a vital pathological characteristic of gastric cancer (GC), which correlates with tumor recurrence and a worse prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in various biological processes. However, the involvement of lncRNAs in NI of GC (GC-NI) remains unclear. DIAPH2-AS1 was upregulated in NI-positive GC tissues, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The higher expression of DIAPH2-AS1 predicted NI and worse survival for GC patients. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments, including wound-healing assay, Transwell assay, DRG-GC cells co-culture model, the mouse sciatic nerve model, and the lung metastasis model, indicated that DIAPH2-AS1 promoted the migration, invasion, and NI potential of GC cells. Mechanistically, pulldown assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay revealed that DIAPH2-AS1 interacted with NSUN2. Subsequent experiments indicated that DIAPH2-AS1 stabilized NSUN2 from ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation via masking the K577 and K579 of NSUN2. The protection of DIAPH2-AS1 on NSUN2 improved the stability of NTN1 mRNA via m5C modification, which finally induced GC-NI. Our work uncovered DIAPH2-AS1 as a novel oncogenic lncRNA in GC-NI and validated the DIAPH2-AS1-NSUN2-NTN1 axis as a potential therapeutic target for NI-positive GC.

Short-term prognostic role of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in patients with gastric cancer

BACKGROUND

Immune function is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. This study aimed to explore the prognostic role of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in patients with gastric cancer after curative surgery.

METHODS

This retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary referral hospital. We included patients diagnosed with gastric cancer who had undergone surgery and met the inclusion criteria. Clinicopathological characteristics and preoperative peripheral lymphocyte subset data were collected for the analysis. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox hazard regression model. We used the Whitney test and Spearman test to analyze the correlation between lymphocyte subsets and clinicopathological characteristics.

RESULTS

This study included 171 patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative surgery. Multivariate analysis revealed that carcinoembryonic antigen (p < 0.01), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (p < 0.001), lymph node metastases (p < 0.001), total T-cell count (p = 0.02), B-cell count (p < 0.01), and regulatory T-cell percentage (p < 0.01) were independent predictive factors associated with RFS.

CONCLUSIONS

Impaired immune function may lead to early recurrence following curative surgery. Our study showed that the characteristics of peripheral lymphocyte subsets (T, B, and Treg cells) were independent predictive factors for recurrence in patients with gastric cancer after surgery.

Ileal signet-ring cell carcinoma with brain metastases: A case report

Background

Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare subtype of adenocarcinoma that frequently originates in the stomach. Uncommonly, this tumor can lead to brain metastases; an event rarely reported in the literature.

Case Description

A 76-year-old man with a history of cognitive impairment was diagnosed with two brain space-occupying lesions. A whole-body 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography scan revealed a hypermetabolic lesion in a segment of the ileum corresponding to mural thickening and an ulcerated lesion detected on colonoscopy. A brain biopsy, using an immunohistochemistry protocol, showed signet-ring cells with a pattern that suggested an intestinal origin. The diagnosis of SRCC brain metastases with an ileal origin was made, and a treatment protocol was designed. However, the patient rapidly deteriorated, and passed away shortly afterward.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of an ileal SRCC with brain metastases.

Nomogram Based on Preoperative Fibrinogen and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Predicting Recurrence and Prognosis of Patients with Borrmann Type III Advanced Gastric Cancer

Background and Objectives

The prognosis is known to differ significantly among advanced gastric cancer (AGC) with Borrmann type III. This study aimed to evaluate the prognosis of these patients more individually.

Methods

We selected 542 AGC patients with Borrmann type III. We used the receiver operating characteristic curve to analyze the cutoff values of inflammation indexes, and used Kaplan-Meier and Log rank tests to analyze recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). The independent risk factors for recurrence and prognosis were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model. The nomogram models were constructed by R studio.

Results

Patients with high preoperative fibrinogen (F) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) levels had worse RFS and OS and higher risk of postoperative locoregional recurrence, hematogenous metastasis and lymph node metastasis. F and SII can combine with different clinicopathological features (all P<0.05) to construct nomograms to predict 5-year recurrence and prognosis, which both were superior to pTNM stage alone.

Conclusion

The nomogram models based on F and SII can evaluate AGC with Borrmann type III postoperative recurrence and prognosis.

Preoperative Low Prealbumin Is Associated With Recurrence in Patients With Stage II/III Gastric Cancer After Laparoscopic D2 Gastrectomy

Background

Postoperative recurrence is associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. This study aimed to explore predictive factors contributing to recurrence in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer after laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary referral hospital. Patients diagnosed with gastric cancer who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were collected. The patients were divided into recurrence and non-recurrence groups. The predictive factors were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

In total, 462 patients were included. The incidence of recurrence was 26.4% (122/462) in all patients. The most common recurrence pattern was haematogenous recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, the independent predictive factors for recurrence were serum prealbumin level (p &lt; 0.001), prognostic nutritional index (p = 0.001), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) (p &lt; 0.001), number of lymph node metastases (p &lt; 0.001), signet-ring cell carcinoma (p = 0.001), tumor deposit (p = 0.001), and no/incomplete adjuvant chemotherapy (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings revealed that nutritional status was an independent predictive factor for recurrence in patients with gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy. We suggest that patients with risk factors for recurrence receive both nutritional support and intense surveillance.

Early and late recurrences in lymph node-negative gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND

Predictors of recurrence in patients with lymph node-negative gastric cancer (GC) who have undergone curative resection have been widely investigated, but not the effects of predictors on timing of recurrence.

OBJECTIVE

Determine the factors associated with early and late recurrence in patients with node-negative GC.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort.

SETTING

Academic tertiary care center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The study included patients with node-negative GC after curative resection between 2008 and 2018 at two institutions. Early and late recurrences were determined using a minimum P value approach to evaluate the optimal cutoff for recurrence-free survival (RFS). A competing risk model and landmark analysis were used to analyze factors associated with early and late recurrences.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Recurrence-free survival and factors associated with survival.

SAMPLE SIZE

606.

RESULTS

After a median follow-up of 70 months, 50 (8.3%) patients experienced recurrent disease. The optimal length of RFS for distinguishing between early (n=26) and late recurrence (n=24) was 24 months (P=.0013). The median RFS in the early and late recurrence groups was 11 and 32 months, respectively. Diffuse tumors (hazard ratio 3.358, P=.014), advanced T stage (HR 8.804, P=.003), perineural invasion (HR 10.955, P<.001), and anemia (HR 2.351, P=.018) were independent predictors of early recurrence. Mixed tumor location (HR 5.586, P=.002), advanced T stage (HR 5.066, P<.001), lymphovascular invasion (HR 5.902, P<.001), and elevated CA19-9 levels (HR 5.227, P<.001) were independent predictors of late recurrence. Similar results were obtained in the landmark analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Individualized therapeutic and follow-up strategies should be considered in future studies because of distinct patterns in predictors of early and late recurrence.

LIMITATIONS

Retrospective design, small sample size.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

None.

Is Adjuvant Chemotherapy Beneficial to All Patients With pT3N0M0 Stage Gastric Cancer?

Background

The efficacy and benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for patients with gastric cancer pT3N0M0 remain controversial.

Methods

We prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed 235 patients with pT3N0M0 gastric cancer who underwent radical resection between February 2010 and January 2016. Patients were divided into two groups: the surgery-alone (SA) group (n = 82) and the AC group (n = 153). We analyzed the effects of AC on the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), and the relationship between the number of chemotherapy cycles (CC) and recurrence rate (RR).

Results

The 5-year OS and RFS of the participants were 80.9% and 87.7%, respectively, and those in the AC group were significantly higher than those in the SA group (86.9% vs. 69.5%, p = 0.003). The RFS of the AC and SA groups were 88.9% and 85.4%, respectively; the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.35). The independent risk factors affecting the OS were perineural invasion-positive (PNI+) (HR = 2.64, 95%CI: 1.45-4.82, p = 0.003) and age ≥ 65 years (HR = 2.58, 95%CI: 1.39-4.8, p = 0.003). The independent risk factor affecting the RFS was also PNI+ (HR3.11; 95%CI: 1.48-6.54, p = 0.003). Stratified analysis revealed that postoperative AC can significantly improve the OS of PNI+ patients (AC group versus SA group: 84.1% vs. 45.5%, p = 0.001) and RFS (86.4% vs. 63.6%, p = 0.017). However, perineural invasion negative (PNI-) patients did not show the same results (p = 0.13 and p = 0.48, respectively). According to the number of CC, divided into CC < 3 groups and CC ≥ 3 groups, the cumulative RR in the CC ≥ 3 group of patients with PNI+ was significantly lower than that of the CC < 3 group (7.4% vs. 28.2%, p = 0.037).

Conclusion

For pT3N0M0 gastric cancer patients with PNI+, at least three cycles of postoperative AC can significantly reduce the overall RR. This finding should be verified by using large external sample data.

Comparison of Survival and Patterns of Recurrence in Gastric Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma, and Adenocarcinoma

IMPORTANCE

Gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma are rare pathological types of gastric cancer, and there is a lack of multicenter studies comparing the prognosis and recurrence patterns of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma, gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE

To compare the differences in long-term survival and patterns of recurrence among gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma, gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS

This cohort study included patients with resectable gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma and gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma at 23 hospitals in China from January 2006 to December 2016. In addition, patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were selected as controls. Propensity score-matched analysis was used to match pathological stage among the different pathological types, and disease-free survival (DFS), postrecurrence survival (PRS), and patterns of recurrence were examined. Data analysis was conducted from July 15, 2020, to October 21, 2020.

EXPOSURES

Curative resection for gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma, gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES

The main outcomes were DFS and patterns of recurrence.

RESULTS

A total of 3689 patients were analyzed (median [interquartile range] age, 62 [55-69] years; 2748 [74.5%] men), including 503 patients (13.6%) with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma, 401 patients (10.9%) with gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, and 2785 patients (75.5%) with gastric adenocarcinoma. After propensity score matching, 5-year DFS was 47.6% (95% CI, 42.7%-52.5%) for patients with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma, compared with 57.6% (95% CI, 55.1%-60.1%) with gastric adenocarcinoma (P < .001) and 51.1% (95% CI, 46.0%-56.2%) for patients with gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, compared with 57.8% (95% CI, 55.1%-60.5%) patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (P = .02). Multivariable analyses found that, compared with gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (hazard ratio [HR], 1.64; 95% CI, 1.40-1.93) and gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.49) were independent risk factors associated with worse DFS. Compared with matched patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, patients with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma were more likely to have distant recurrence (268 patients [17.2%] vs 101 patients [23.7%]; P = .002), as were patients with gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (232 patients [17.3%] vs 76 patients [22.8%]; P = .02). In multivariate analysis, gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (HR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.66-2.98) and gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.24-2.34) were independent risk factors associated with distant recurrence. Additionally, T3 to T4 stage (odds ratio, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.57-5.14; P = .001) and lymph node metastasis (odds ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.31-3.10; P = .002) were independent risk factors associated with distant recurrence of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma and gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE

This cohort study found that patients with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma or gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma had worse prognoses and were more prone to distant recurrence than those with gastric adenocarcinoma. Thus, different follow-up and treatment strategies should be developed to improve the long-term survival of patients with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma or gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, especially patients with tumors penetrating into the subserosa or deeper layers or with lymph node metastasis.

Is there still a place for conventional histopathology in the age of molecular medicine? Laurén classification, inflammatory infiltration and other current topics in gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In western countries, more than half of GC patients are diagnosed at advanced stages and 5-year survival rates range between 20-30%. The only curative treatment is surgery, and despite recent advances in oncological therapies, GC prognosis is still poor. The main prognostic tool for patient categorization and treatment selection is the TNM classification, but its limitations are being increasingly recognized. Early recurrences may occur in early-stage disease, and patients at the same stage show heterogeneous outcomes. Thus, there is a need to improve GC stratification and to identify new prognostic factors, which may allow us to select drug-susceptible populations, refine patient grouping for clinical trials and discover new therapeutic targets. Molecular classifications have been developed, but they have not been translated to the clinical practice. On the other hand, histological assessment is cheap and widely available, and it is still a mainstay in the era of molecular medicine. Furthermore, histological features are acquiring new roles as reflectors of the genotype-phenotype correlation, and their potential impact on patient management is currently being analyzed. The aim of this literature review is to provide a modern overview of the histological assessment of GC. In this study, we discuss recent topics on the histological diagnosis of GC, focusing on the current role of Laurén classification and the potential value of new histological features in GC, such as inflammatory infiltration and tumor budding.

Development and External Validation of a Nomogram to Predict Recurrence-Free Survival After R0 Resection for Stage II/III Gastric Cancer: An International Multicenter Study

Background: The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy varies widely among patients with stage II/III gastric cancer (GC), and tools predicting outcomes for this patient subset are lacking. We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) and the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy after radical resection in patients with stage II/III GC.

Methods: Data on patients with stage II/III GC who underwent R0 resection from January 2010 to August 2014 at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital (FMUUH) (n = 1,240; training cohort) were analyzed by Cox regression to identify independent prognostic factors for RFS. A nomogram including these factors was internally and externally validated in FMUUH (n = 306) and a US cohort (n = 111), respectively.

Results: The multivariable analysis identified age, differentiation, tumor size, number of examined lymph nodes, pT stage, pN stage, and adjuvant chemotherapy as associated with RFS. A nomogram including the above 7 factors was significantly more accurate in predicting RFS compared with the 8^th AJCC-TNM staging system for patients in the training cohort. The risk of peritoneal metastasis was higher and survival after recurrence was significantly worse among patients calculated by the nomogram to be at high risk than those at low risk. The nomogram's predictive performance was confirmed in both the internal and external validation cohorts.

Conclusion: A novel nomogram is available as a web-based tool and accurately predicts long-term RFS for GC after radical resection. The tool can also be used to determine the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy by comparing scores with and without this intervention.

Does three-dimensional surgery affect recurrence patterns in patients with gastric cancer after laparoscopic R0 gastrectomy? Results from a 3-year follow-up phase III trial

BACKGROUND

Numerous studies have shown that the short-term efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic radical gastrectomy (LG) is comparable to that of two-dimensional (2D)-LG. Whether 3D-LG affects the recurrence patterns of gastric cancer (GC) patients has not been investigated.

METHODS

From January 2015 to April 2016, a total of 419 patients were recruited for a phase III clinical trial (NCT02327481), which compared the short-term outcomes between the 2D and 3D groups. The long-term efficacy including recurrence patterns was compared between the 2D and 3D groups in this retrospective study. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine whether 3D-LG affects the recurrence patterns.

RESULTS

Ultimately, 401 patients were analyzed (197 in the 2D-LG group and 204 in the 3D-LG group), and no differences were observed in the clinicopathological data between the two groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the recurrence types, first recurrence time or recurrence-free survival (RFS) (all p > 0.05). According to the 7th American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system, both groups were stratified into pathological stages I, II, and III. The stratified analysis showed no significant differences in RFS or overall survival (OS) among patients in each subgroup (all p > 0.05). The multivariate analysis of RFS showed that tumor diameter, pTNM stage, lymphovascular invasion, and adjuvant chemotherapy were independent factors (all p < 0.05). The multivariate analysis of post-recurrence survival (PRS) showed that adjuvant chemotherapy was an independent protective factor (p = 0.043).

CONCLUSIONS

3D-LG for GC did not differ significantly from 2D-LG in the effects on 3-year recurrence patterns, RFS and OS, which provides more tumor-related evidence for 3D technology. And due to the technological similarity, it may have certain reference value for robotic-assisted gastrectomy. Further multicenter, large-scale clinical trials are warranted.

The predictive value of the preoperative C-reactive protein-albumin ratio for early recurrence and chemotherapy benefit in patients with gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy: using randomized phase III trial data

BACKGROUND

The definition and predictors of early recurrence (ER) for gastric cancer (GC) patients after radical gastrectomy are unclear.

METHODS

A minimum-p value approach was used to evaluate the optimal cutoff value of recurrence-free survival to determine ER and late recurrence (LR). Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated for inflammatory indices. Potential risk factors for ER were assessed with a Cox regression model. A decision curve analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical utility.

RESULTS

A total of 401 patients recruited in a clinical trial (NCT02327481) from January 2015 to April 2016 were included in this study. The optimal length of recurrence-free survival to distinguish between ER (n = 44) and LR (n = 52) was 12 months. Factors associated with ER included a preoperative C-reactive protein-albumin ratio (CAR) ≥ 0.131, stage III and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (PAC) > 3 cycles. The risk model consisting of both the CAR and TNM stage had a higher predictive ability and better clinical utility than TNM stage alone. Further stratification analysis of the stage III patients found that for the patients with a CAR < 0.131, both PAC with 1-3 cycles (p = 0.029) and > 3 cycles (p < 0.001) could reduce the risk of ER. However, for patients with a CAR ≥ 0.131, a benefit was observed only if they received PAC > 3 cycles (54.2% vs 16.0%, p = 0.004), rather than 1-3 cycles (58.3% vs 54.2%, p = 0.824).

CONCLUSIONS

A recurrence-free interval of 12 months was found to be the optimal threshold for differentiating between ER and LR. Preoperative CAR was a promising predictor of ER and PAC response. PAC with 1-3 cycles may not exert a protective effect against ER for stage III GC patients with CAR ≥ 0.131.

CRP/prealbumin, a novel inflammatory index for predicting recurrence after radical resection in gastric cancer patients: post hoc analysis of a randomized phase III trial

BACKGROUND

Serum prealbumin (PALB) can predict the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC). However, the prognostic value of combination of C-reactive protein and PALB (CRP/PALB) remains unclear.

METHODS

A total of 419 gastric cancer patients included in a clinical trial (NCT02327481) were analyzed. The present study is a substudy of the trial. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated, and by calculating the areas under the curve (AUC) and the C-index, the discriminative ability of each inflammatory index was compared, including CRP/PALB, C-reactive protein/albumin, Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), modified GPS, systemic immune-inflammation index, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio.

RESULTS

Ultimately, 401 patients were included in this study. The optimal cutoff value of CRP/PALB was 17.7. According to this cutoff point, the entire sample was divided into a CRP/PALB < 17.7 (LCP) group and a CRP/PALB ≥ 17.7 (HCP) group, comprising 245 and 156 patients, respectively. There were 54 and 22 patients experienced recurrence in the HCP and LCP group, respectively, p < 0.001. Compared with traditional inflammatory indices, CRP/PALB had the highest AUC (0.707) and C-index (0.716), all p < 0.05. The post-recurrence survival (PRS) of patients in the HCP group was significantly shorter than that in the LCP group (p = 0.010), especially for pathological stage III patients (p = 0.015) or patients with distant (p = 0.018) or local (p = 0.023) recurrences.

CONCLUSIONS

The predictive value of preoperative CRP/PALB for the recurrence of GC is significantly better than traditional inflammatory indices. HCP significantly reduces the PRS, especially for pathological stage III patients or patients with distant or local recurrences.