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Flaherty RL, Sflomos G, Brisken C. Is There a Special Role for Ovarian Hormones in the Pathogenesis of Lobular Carcinoma? Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae031. [PMID: 38551031 PMCID: PMC10988861 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Lobular carcinoma represent the most common special histological subtype of breast cancer, with the majority classed as hormone receptor positive. Rates of invasive lobular carcinoma in postmenopausal women have been seen to increase globally, while other hormone receptor-positive breast cancers proportionally have not followed the same trend. This has been linked to exposure to exogenous ovarian hormones such as hormone replacement therapy. Reproductive factors resulting in increased lifetime exposure to endogenous ovarian hormones have also been linked to an increased risk of lobular breast cancer, and taken together, these data make a case for the role of ovarian hormones in the genesis and progression of the disease. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the epidemiological associations between ovarian hormones and lobular breast cancer and highlight mechanistic links that may underpin the etiology and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée L Flaherty
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - George Sflomos
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cathrin Brisken
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Shi X, Deng G, Wen H, Lin A, Wang H, Zhu L, Mou W, Liu Z, Li X, Zhang J, Cheng Q, Luo P. Role of body mass index and weight change in the risk of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 66 cohort studies. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04067. [PMID: 38547495 PMCID: PMC10978059 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) and weight change on the risk of developing cancer overall and cancer at different sites. Methods We searched PubMed and other databases up to July 2023 using the keywords related to 'risk', 'cancer', 'weight', 'overweight', and 'obesity'. We identified eligible studies, and the inclusion criteria encompassed cohort studies in English that focused on cancer diagnosis and included BMI or weight change as an exposure factor. Multiple authors performed data extraction and quality assessment, and statistical analyses were carried out using RevMan and R software. We used random- or fixed-effects models to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess study quality. Results Analysis included 66 cohort studies. Compared to underweight or normal weight, overweight or obesity was associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, kidney cancer, and liver cancer but a decreased risk of prostate cancer and lung cancer. Being underweight was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer and lung cancer but not that of postmenopausal breast cancer or female reproductive cancer. In addition, weight loss of more than five kg was protective against overall cancer risk. Conclusions Overweight and obesity increase the risk of most cancers, and weight loss of >5 kg reduces overall cancer risk. These findings provide insights for cancer prevention and help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying cancer development. Registration Reviewregistry1786.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Shi
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gengwen Deng
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiteng Wen
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lingxuan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Aetiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Changping Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiming Mou
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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3
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Lim PW, Stucky CCH, Wasif N, Etzioni DA, Harold KL, Madura JA, Ven Fong Z. Bariatric Surgery and Longitudinal Cancer Risk: A Review. JAMA Surg 2024; 159:331-338. [PMID: 38294801 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.5809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Importance Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, with the obesity epidemic contributing to its steady increase every year. Recent cohort studies find an association between bariatric surgery and reduced longitudinal cancer risk, but with heterogeneous findings. Observations This review summarizes how obesity leads to an increased risk of developing cancer and synthesizes current evidence behind the potential for bariatric surgery to reduce longitudinal cancer risk. Overall, bariatric surgery appears to have the strongest and most consistent association with decreased incidence of developing breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. The association of bariatric surgery and the development of esophageal, gastric, liver, and pancreas cancer is heterogenous with studies showing either no association or decreased longitudinal incidences. Conversely, there have been preclinical and cohort studies implying an increased risk of developing colon and rectal cancer after bariatric surgery. A review and synthesis of the existing literature reveals epidemiologic shortcomings of cohort studies that potentially explain incongruencies observed between studies. Conclusions and Relevance Studies examining the association of bariatric surgery and longitudinal cancer risk remain heterogeneous and could be explained by certain epidemiologic considerations. This review provides a framework to better define subgroups of patients at higher risk of developing cancer who would potentially benefit more from bariatric surgery, as well as subgroups where more caution should be exercised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Lim
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix
| | - Chee-Chee H Stucky
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix
| | - Nabil Wasif
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix
| | - David A Etzioni
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix
| | - Kristi L Harold
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix
| | - James A Madura
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix
| | - Zhi Ven Fong
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix
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4
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Timbres J, Kohut K, Caneppele M, Troy M, Schmidt MK, Roylance R, Sawyer E. DCIS and LCIS: Are the Risk Factors for Developing In Situ Breast Cancer Different? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4397. [PMID: 37686673 PMCID: PMC10486708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is widely accepted as a precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is considered a risk factor for invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), and it is unclear whether LCIS is also a precursor. Therefore, it would be expected that similar risk factors predispose to both DCIS and IDC, but not necessarily LCIS and ILC. This study examined associations with risk factors using data from 3075 DCIS cases, 338 LCIS cases, and 1584 controls aged 35-60, recruited from the UK-based GLACIER and ICICLE case-control studies between 2007 and 2012. Analysis showed that breastfeeding in parous women was protective against DCIS and LCIS, which is consistent with research on invasive breast cancer (IBC). Additionally, long-term use of HRT in post-menopausal women increased the risk of DCIS and LCIS, with a stronger association in LCIS, similar to the association with ILC. Contrary to findings with IBC, parity and the number of births were not protective against DCIS or LCIS, while oral contraceptives showed an unexpected protective effect. These findings suggest both similarities and differences in risk factors for DCIS and LCIS compared to IBC and that there may be justification for increased breast surveillance in post-menopausal women taking long-term HRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Timbres
- Breast Cancer Genetics, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kelly Kohut
- St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Rd, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | | | - Maria Troy
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Roylance
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 235 Euston Rd., London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Elinor Sawyer
- Breast Cancer Genetics, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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5
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Laws A, Katlin F, Hans M, Graichen M, Kantor O, Minami C, Bychkovsky BL, Pace LE, Scheib R, Garber JE, King TA. Screening MRI Does Not Increase Cancer Detection or Result in an Earlier Stage at Diagnosis for Patients with High-Risk Breast Lesions: A Propensity Score Analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:68-77. [PMID: 36171529 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend consideration of screening MRI for patients with high-risk breast lesions (HRLs), acknowledging limited data for this moderate-risk population. METHODS This study identified patients with atypical ductal/lobular hyperplasia (ADH/ALH), lobular carcinoma in situ, (LCIS) or both evaluated at our high-risk clinic. Patients were categorized as having received screening mammography (MMG) alone vs. MMG and breast MRI (MMG+MRI). Inverse probability weighting based on propensity scores (PS) representing likelihood of MRI use was applied to Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses to determine cancer detection and biopsy rates by screening group. RESULTS Among 908 eligible patients, 699 (77%) patients with available follow-up data were analyzed (542 with ADH/ALH and 157 with LCIS). Of the 699 patients, 540 (77%) received MMG alone, and 159 (23%) received MMG + MRI. The median follow-up period was 25 months, during which a median of two MRIs were performed. After PS-weighting, the characteristics of each screening group were well-balanced with respect to age, race, body mass index (BMI), menopausal status, breast density, family history, HRL type, and chemoprevention use. The 4 year breast cancer detection rate was 3.6% with both MMG alone and MMG+MRI (p = 0.89). The breast biopsy rates were significantly higher with MMG+MRI (30.5% vs12.6%; hazard ratio [HR], 2.67; p < 0.001). All breast cancers were clinically node-negative and pathologic stage 0 or 1. Among five cancers in the MMG+MRI group, two were MRI-detected, two were MMG-detected, and one was detected on clinical exam. CONCLUSIONS Screening MRI did not improve cancer detection, and cancer characteristics were favorable whether screened with MMG alone or MMG + MRI. These findings question the benefit of MRI for patients with HRL, although longer-term follow-up study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Laws
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fisher Katlin
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marybeth Hans
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Graichen
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olga Kantor
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Minami
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany L Bychkovsky
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lydia E Pace
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rochelle Scheib
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judy E Garber
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tari A King
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Brooks JD, Christensen RAG, Sung JS, Pike MC, Orlow I, Bernstein JL, Morris EA. MRI background parenchymal enhancement, breast density and breast cancer risk factors: A cross-sectional study in pre- and post-menopausal women. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:97. [PMID: 36008488 PMCID: PMC9411561 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast tissue enhances on contrast MRI and is called background parenchymal enhancement (BPE). Having high BPE has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. We examined the relationship between BPE and the amount of fibroglandular tissue on MRI (MRI-FGT) and breast cancer risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study of 415 women without breast cancer undergoing contrast-enhanced breast MRI at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. All women completed a questionnaire assessing exposures at the time of MRI. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) describing the relationship between breast cancer risk factors and BPE and MRI-FGT were generated using modified Poisson regression. In multivariable-adjusted models a positive association between body mass index (BMI) and BPE was observed, with a 5-unit increase in BMI associated with a 14% and 44% increase in prevalence of high BPE in pre- and post-menopausal women, respectively. Conversely, a strong inverse relationship between BMI and MRI-FGT was observed in both pre- (PR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.57, 0.76) and post-menopausal (PR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.56, 0.78) women. Use of preventive medication (e.g., tamoxifen) was associated with having low BPE, while no association was observed for MRI-FGT. BPE is an imaging marker available from standard contrast-enhanced MRI, that is influenced by endogenous and exogenous hormonal exposures in both pre- and post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Brooks
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Janice S Sung
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonine L Bernstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Morris
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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7
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Risk management recommendations and patient acceptance vary with high-risk breast lesions. Am J Surg 2021; 223:94-100. [PMID: 34325908 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), atypical ductal and lobular hyperplasia (AH) increase breast cancer risk. We examined risk management recommendations (RMR) and acceptance in AH/LCIS. METHODS All patients with AH/LCIS on core needle biopsy from 2013 to 2016 at our institution were identified; cancer patients were excluded. Univariate and multivariate analysis examined factors associated with management. RESULTS 98 % of patients were evaluated by breast surgeons and 53 % underwent risk model calculation (RC). 77 % had new RMR. RMR of MRI screening (MRI), genetic counselling (GC) and medical oncology (MO) referral were 41 %, 18 %, 77 %, respectively. MRI screening was more likely recommended in those with strong family history (p = 0.01), and high RC (p < 0.001). Uptake of at least one RMR did not occur in 84 % of patients. Use of RC correlated with MO acceptance (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis of atypia has the potential to change risk management for most, however only 16 % of patients accepted all RMR.
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8
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Lilleborge M, Falk RS, Sørlie T, Ursin G, Hofvind S. Can breast cancer be stopped? Modifiable risk factors of breast cancer among women with a prior benign or premalignant lesion. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1247-1256. [PMID: 33990967 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity, high postmenopausal body mass index, alcohol consumption and use of menopausal hormone therapy are established risk factors for breast cancer. Less is known about whether these factors influence the risk of progression of benign and premalignant breast lesions to invasive breast cancer. This registry-based cohort study was based on women with a precancerous lesion who were followed for breast cancer. The cohort consisted of 11 270 women with a benign lesion, 972 women with hyperplasia with atypia and 2379 women with carcinoma in situ diagnosed and treated after participation in BreastScreen Norway, 2006-2016. Information on breast cancer risk factors was collected by a questionnaire administered with the invitation letter. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the association between breast cancer and physical activity, body mass index, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking and menopausal hormone therapy, adjusted for age. During follow-up, 274 women with a benign lesion, 34 women with hyperplasia with atypia and 118 women with carcinoma in situ were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. We observed an increased risk of breast cancer associated with use of menopausal hormone therapy for women with a benign or premalignant lesion. Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking showed suggestive increased risk of breast cancer among women with a benign lesion. We were only to a limited degree able to identify associations between modifiable risk factors of breast cancer and the disease among women with a precancerous lesion, and a larger study is needed to confirm or refute associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lilleborge
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild S Falk
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Therese Sørlie
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giske Ursin
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Solveig Hofvind
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Bevinakoppamath S, Saleh Ahmed AM, Ramachandra SC, Vishwanath P, Prashant A. Chemopreventive and Anticancer Property of Selenoproteins in Obese Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:618172. [PMID: 33935708 PMCID: PMC8087246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.618172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for various cancers including breast cancer resulting in an increased risk of recurrence as well as morbidity and mortality. Extensive studies on various pathways have been successful in establishing a biological relationship between obesity and breast cancer. The molecular classification of breast cancer includes five groups each having different responses to treatment. Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines seen in obese conditions drive the pro-proliferative pathways, such as the influx of macrophages, angiogenesis, and antiapoptotic pathways. Increased peripheral aromatization of androgens by aromatase increases the circulating estrogen levels which are also responsible for the association of obesity with breast cancer. Also, increased oxidative stress due to chronic low-grade inflammation in obese women plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Despite the availability of safe and effective treatment options for breast cancer, obese women are at increased risk of adverse outcomes including treatment-related toxicities. In the recent decade, selenium compounds have gained substantial interest as chemopreventive and anticancer agents. The chemical derivatives of selenium include inorganic and organic compounds that exhibit pro-oxidant properties and alter cellular redox homeostasis. They target more than one metabolic pathway by thiol modifications, induction of reactive oxygen species, and chromatin modifications to exert their chemopreventive and anticancer activities. The primary functional effectors of selenium that play a significant role in human homeostasis are selenoproteins like glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, iodothyronine deiodinases, and selenoprotein P. Selenoproteins play a significant role in adipose tissue physiology by modulating preadipocyte proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. They correlate negatively with body mass index resulting in increased oxidative stress that may lead to carcinogenesis in obese individuals. Methylseleninic acid effectively suppresses aromatase activation thus reducing the estrogen levels and acting as a breast cancer chemopreventive agent. Adipose-derived inflammatory mediators influence the selenium metabolites and affect the proliferation and metastatic properties of cancer cells. Recently selenium nanoparticles have shown potent anticancer activity which may lead to a major breakthrough in the management of cancers caused due to multiple pathways. In this review, we discuss the possible role of selenoproteins as chemopreventive and an anticancer agent in obese breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Bevinakoppamath
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, India
| | - Adel Mohammed Saleh Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, India
| | - Shobha Chikkavaddaraguddi Ramachandra
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, India
| | - Prashant Vishwanath
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, India
| | - Akila Prashant
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, India
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10
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Minami CA, Freedman RA. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Long-term Breast Cancer Risk: Further Data From the Women's Health Initiative Trials. JAMA 2020; 324:347-349. [PMID: 32720989 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.9620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Minami
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel A Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Minami C, Pilewskie ML. ASO Author Reflections: Conceptualizing Risk in Women with Lobular Carcinoma In Situ. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:1852-1853. [PMID: 32246310 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Minami
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa L Pilewskie
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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