1
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Nomura S, Fujii K, Sugihara H, Endo T, Kimura Y. Anion Effect on the Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer of 4'- N, N-Diethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6549-6559. [PMID: 38935614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction of 4'-N,N,-diethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone (C2HF) was studied using time-resolved fluorescence measurements in ionic liquids (ILs) of various anions with a fixed cation (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [C2mim]+). C2HF showed an ESIPT reaction from the normal excited state (N*; keto form) to the tautomer excited state (T*; enol form) where both states are emissive. The ESIPT rate and yield were obtained by analyzing the time-resolved fluorescence spectra measured using the optical Kerr gate method. Both the ESIPT rate and yield decreased with increasing hydrogen-bond accepting ability of the anion. According to density functional theory calculations, the complex formation energy between C2HF and the anion became significantly negative with increasing the hydrogen-bond accepting ability of anion. The pseudoequilibrium constant between N* and T* ([T*]/[N*]) in the electronic excited state decreased with increasing hydrogen-bond accepting ability of the anion, while it increased with increasing the alkyl-chain length of alkyl sulfonate. The excitation wavelength dependence of the ESIPT rate and yield was studied for C2HF in [C2mim][C6H13SO3]. The ESIPT yield decreased by nearly a factor of 2 with increasing excitation wavelength from 360 to 425 nm, although the change in the ESIPT rate was small. The solvation heterogeneity due to the alkyl chain in the anion was considered to be the reason for the excitation wavelength dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohnosuke Nomura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, 2-1, Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe-City, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Kaori Fujii
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sugihara
- Division of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, 2-1, Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe-City, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Endo
- Division of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, 2-1, Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe-City, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, 2-1, Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe-City, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
- Division of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, 2-1, Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe-City, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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2
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Fujii K, Kimura Y. Solvent Role of Ionic Liquids in Fundamental Chemical Reaction Dynamics Analyzed by Time-Resolved Spectroscopy. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200242. [PMID: 36634996 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), which are used as solvents for chemical reactions, are different from conventional organic solvents owing to their designability. Physicochemical parameters of the ILs, such as polarity and viscosity, that affect chemical equilibria and reaction kinetics can be tuned by changing the combination of anions and cations or by varying the lengths of the alkyl chains present in the cations. We were interested in knowing how these physicochemical parameters affect fundamental chemical reactions in ILs. Therefore, in this personal account, we investigate our recent work on two different photochemical reactions in ILs, namely excited-state intramolecular proton transfer of hydroxyflavone and photodissociation of aminodisulfide, using time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Interestingly, the roles of the ILs in these chemical reactions are quite different. The effect of the cationic species of the ILs (i. e., the head groups and number of alkyl carbons) on the solvation environment upon photoexcitation and reaction rate are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Fujii
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe-city, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe-city, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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3
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Miyabayashi H, Fujii K, Watanabe T, Matano Y, Endo T, Kimura Y. Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Reaction and Ground-State Hole Dynamics of 4'- N, N-Dialkylamino-3-hydroxyflavone in Ionic Liquids Studied by Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5373-5386. [PMID: 34003004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of 4'-N,N-dialkylamino-3-hydroxyflavone (CnHF) having different alkyl chain lengths (ethyl, butyl, and octyl chains) was investigated in ionic liquids (ILs) by steady-state fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy. Upon photoexcitation, CnHF underwent ESIPT from the normal form to the tautomer form, and dual emissions from both states were detected. For C4HF and C8HF, the tautomerization yields determined from the fluorescence intensity ratios increased with the increasing number of alkyl chain carbon atoms in the cation and on reducing the excitation wavelength as reported for C2HF [K. Suda et al., J. Phys. Chem. B. 117, 12567 (2013)]. The transient absorption spectra of CnHF were measured at excitation wavelengths of 360, 400, and 450 nm. The ESIPT rate determined from the induced emission of the tautomer was correlated with the tautomerization yield for C2HF and C4HF. In addition, the recovery of the ground-state bleach was found to be strongly dependent on the excitation wavelength. This result indicates that the solvated state of the molecule before photoexcitation is dependent on the excitation wavelengths. The time constant for the ground-state relaxation was slower than that for the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanamichi Miyabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaori Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Endo
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Kyoto, Japan
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4
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Fujii K, Nakano H, Sato H, Kimura Y. Experimental observation of the unique solvation process along multiple solvation coordinates of photodissociated products. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4569-4579. [PMID: 33616585 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06588a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reaction dynamics in solution are closely related to solvation dynamics, and understanding solvent responses remains a crucial issue in chemistry and chemical biology. In this study, we experimentally and computationally investigated the solvation dynamics along different solvation coordinates of the same molecule: the electronically excited state and ground state of the p-aminophenylthiyl radical generated by the photodissociation of bis(p-aminophenyl)disulfide. Time profiles of the peak shifts from the transient absorption and emission spectra after photodissociation were extracted to discuss the solvent reorganization process in various ionic liquids (ILs) with different viscosities. The absorption peak position of the radical followed common solvation dynamics, shifting to a lower energy with time due to reorganization of the surrounding solvent molecules in response to the charge redistribution and molecular volume change caused by photodissociation. On the other hand, the emission band of the radical did not show a meaningful spectral shift with time. It was also found that the solvation time in the ground state was not strongly dependent on the solvent viscosity. These experimental results deviate from the conventional dynamic Stokes shift theory. To discuss the experimental results, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were conducted. The spectral shift obtained by MD simulations indicated the existence of a large solvation energy change and solvation dynamics around the radical after the photodissociation. On the other hand, the electronic excitation of the radical brought about a relatively smaller solvation energy change, especially at the long delay time after the photodissociation. These differences might be one of the reasons for the unique experimentally observed solvation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan.
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Narita T, Fujii K, Endo T, Kimura Y. Effect of cation alkyl chain length on photo-luminescence dynamics of ionic liquids containing dicyanoaurate(I) anion. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Kimura Y. Solvation heterogeneity in ionic liquids as demonstrated by photo-chemical reactions. PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It has been recognised that ionic liquids (ILs) with long alkyl-chains have a segregated structure due to the inhomogeneous distribution of polar parts and non-polar parts. This inhomogeneity of ILs brings about unique solvation phenomena of solute molecules dissolved in ILs. We have investigated various solvation-state selective phenomena by using laser spectroscopic techniques such as solvation state selective vibrational spectroscopy, translational and rotational dynamics of small molecules in ILs, and solvation state selective fundamental chemical reactions. In this paper, we have reviewed an intramolecular electron transfer (ET) reaction in the Marcus inverted region of N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline and an intramolecular proton transfer (IPT) reaction in 4′-N,N-diethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone as examples of chemical reactions affected by unique solvation in ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Kimura
- Department of molecular science and biochemistry, Faculty of science and engineering , Doshisha University , Kyotanabe-city, Kyoto 610-0321 , Japan
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7
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Kimura Y, Fukui T, Okazoe S, Miyabayashi H, Endo T. Photo-excitation dynamics of N, N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline in ionic liquids: Effect of cation alkyl-chain length. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Fujii K, Aramaki M, Kimura Y. Excited-State Proton Transfer of 5,8-Dicyano-2-naphthol in High-Temperature and High-Pressure Methanol: Effect of Solvent Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding Ability. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:12363-12374. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Megumi Aramaki
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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9
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Rumble CA, Maroncelli M. Solvent controlled intramolecular electron transfer in mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidizolium tetrafluoroborate and acetonitrile. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:193801. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Rumble
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Mark Maroncelli
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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10
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Fujii K, Yasaka Y, Ueno M, Koyanagi Y, Kasuga S, Matano Y, Kimura Y. Excited-State Proton Transfer of Cyanonaphthols in Protic Ionic Liquids: Appearance of a New Fluorescent Species. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:6042-6049. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b03658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Fujii
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering and ‡Department of
Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
- Department of Fundamental Sciences,
Graduate School of Science and
Technology and ∥Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku,
Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Yasaka
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering and ‡Department of
Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
- Department of Fundamental Sciences,
Graduate School of Science and
Technology and ∥Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku,
Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Ueno
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering and ‡Department of
Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
- Department of Fundamental Sciences,
Graduate School of Science and
Technology and ∥Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku,
Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Koyanagi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering and ‡Department of
Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
- Department of Fundamental Sciences,
Graduate School of Science and
Technology and ∥Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku,
Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Sora Kasuga
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering and ‡Department of
Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
- Department of Fundamental Sciences,
Graduate School of Science and
Technology and ∥Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku,
Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matano
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering and ‡Department of
Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
- Department of Fundamental Sciences,
Graduate School of Science and
Technology and ∥Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku,
Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering and ‡Department of
Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
- Department of Fundamental Sciences,
Graduate School of Science and
Technology and ∥Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku,
Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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11
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Rumble CA, Breffke J, Maroncelli M. Solvation Dynamics and Proton Transfer in Diethylaminohydroxyflavone. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:630-637. [PMID: 28001070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
4'-N,N-Diethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone (DEAHF) exhibits dual fluorescence in most solvents as a result of a rapid excited-state intramolecular proton transfer reaction. The high sensitivity of its dual emission to solvent polarity and hydrogen bonding make DEAHF of interest as a ratiometric fluorescence sensor. In addition, prior work has suggested that the rate of this proton transfer should depend on solvent relaxation in an unusual manner. It has been proposed that rapid solvation of the initially excited reactant should retard reaction. The present work tests this idea by using femtosecond Kerr-gated emission spectroscopy to measure the reaction kinetics of DEAHF in mixtures of propylene carbonate (PC) + acetonitrile (ACN). This mixture was chosen to maintain constant solvent polarity and thereby constant reaction energies while varying solvation times ∼10-fold with composition. The reaction kinetics observed in these mixtures are multiexponential, consisting of resolvable components of ∼2 and ∼30 ps and a small fraction of reaction faster than detectable by the 400 fs resolution of the experiment. Average reaction times increase by approximately a factor of 2 as a function of ACN mole fraction, primarily as a result of changes to the slower kinetic component. This trend is opposite to the composition dependence of solvation times, thereby supporting the unusual role of polar solvation dynamics in this proton transfer. In n-alkane solvents, where electrostatic coupling is minimized, frictional properties of the solvent do not influence reaction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Rumble
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jens Breffke
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mark Maroncelli
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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12
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Kim D, Park SW, Shim Y, Kim HJ, Jung Y. Excitation-energy dependence of solvation dynamics in room-temperature ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:044502. [PMID: 27475376 DOI: 10.1063/1.4955211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Influence of the excitation energy of a probe solute molecule on its solvation dynamics and emission spectrum in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (EMI(+)PF6 (-)) is studied via molecular dynamics simulations using a coarse-grained model description. By exciting the probe at different energies, each with an extremely narrow distribution, ensuing solvent relaxation and its dynamic variance are monitored using the isoconfigurational ensemble method. Resulting Stokes shift function, S(t), indicates that long-time solvent relaxation becomes slower with the decreasing excitation energy and approaches the equilibrium correlation function, C(t), of solvent fluctuations. This suggests that the system excited at the red-edge of the spectrum observes linear response better than that at the blue-edge. A detailed analysis of nonequilibrium trajectories shows that the effect of initial configurations on variance of relaxation dynamics is mainly confined to short times; it reaches a maximum around 0.1 ≲ t ≲ 1 ps and diminishes as time further increases. The influence of the initial velocity distribution, on the other hand, tends to grow with time and dominates the long-time variations of dynamics. The emission spectrum shows the red-edge effect in accord with previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daekeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Youngseon Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyung J Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - YounJoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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Verma SD, Corcelli SA, Berg MA. Rate and Amplitude Heterogeneity in the Solvation Response of an Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:504-508. [PMID: 26765835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In contrast with conventional liquids, ionic liquids have solvation dynamics with more rate dispersion and with average times that do not agree with dielectric measurements. A kinetic analog of multidimensional spectroscopy is introduced and used to look for heterogeneity in simulations of coumarin 153 in [Im12][BF4]. Strong heterogeneity is found in the diffusive solvation rate. An unanticipated heterogeneity in the amplitude of the inertial solvation is also seen. Both heterogeneities exchange at the same rate. This rate is similar to the mean diffusive solvation time, putting it in the intermediate-exchange region. Overall, there are multiple violations of the assumptions usually invoked in the theory of reaction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Dev Verma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Steven A Corcelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mark A Berg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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