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Tada K, Kitagawa Y. Issues on DFT+ U calculations of organic diradicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32110-32122. [PMID: 37983012 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The diradical state is an important electronic state for understanding molecular functions and should be elucidated for the in silico design of functional molecules and their application to molecular devices. The density functional theory calculation with plane-wave basis and correction of the on-site Coulomb parameter U (DFT+U/plane-wave calculation) is a good candidate of high-throughput calculations of diradical-band interactions. However, it has not been investigated in detail to what extent the DFT+U/plane-wave calculation can be used to calculate organic diradicals with a high degree of accuracy. In the present study, using typical organic diradical molecules (bisphenalenyl molecules) as model systems, the discrepancy in the optimum U values between the two electronic states (open-shell singlet and triplet) that compose the diradical state is detected. The calculated results show that the reason for this U value discrepancy is the difference in electronic delocalisation due to π-conjugation between the open-shell singlet and triplet states, and that the effect of U discrepancy becomes large as diradical character decreases. This indicates that it is necessary to investigate the U value discrepancy with reference to the calculated results by more accurate methods or to experimental values when calculating organic diradicals with low diradical character. For this investigation, the local magnetic moments, unpaired beta electron numbers, and effective magnetic exchange integral values can be used as reference values. For the effective magnetic exchange integral values, the effects of U discrepancy are partially cancelled out. However, because the effects may not be completely offset, care should be taken when using the effective magnetic exchange integral value as a reference. Furthermore, a comparison of DFT+U and hybrid-DFT calculations shows that the DFT+U underestimates the HOMO-LUMO gap of bisphenalenyls, although a qualitative discussion of the gap is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tada
- Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, Department of Energy and Environment (RIECEN), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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Tada K, Kawakami T, Hinuma Y. Model calculations for the prediction of the diradical character of physisorbed molecules: p-benzyne/MgO and p-benzyne/SrO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29424-29436. [PMID: 37795574 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02988c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the diradical state of functional open-shell molecules is important for understanding their physical properties and chemical reactivity. The diradical character is an important factor in the functional elucidation and design of open-shell molecules. In recent years, attempts have been made to immobilise functional open-shell molecules on surfaces to form devices. However, the influence of surface interactions on the diradical state remains unclear. In this study, the physisorption structures of p-benzyne, which is a typical diradical molecule, on MgO(001) and SrO(001) surfaces are used as models to investigate how the diradical character is affected by physisorption. This is done using approximate spin-projected density functional theory calculations with dispersion correction and plane-wave basis (AP-DFT-D3/plane-wave calculations). The diradical character change (Δy) due to adsorption can be categorised into three factors, namely the change due to the distortion of the diradical molecule (Δydis), the interaction between neighbouring diradical molecules (Δycoh), and molecule-surface interactions (Δysurf). In all the calculated models, physisorption reduced the diradical character (Δy < 0), and the contribution of Δysurf was the largest among the three factors. The calculated results show that adsorption induces electron delocalisation to π-conjugated orbitals and intramolecular charge polarisation, both of which contribute to reducing the occupancy of singly occupied molecular orbitals. This indicates that the diradical character of p-benzyne is reduced by the stabilisation of the resonance structures. Furthermore, geometry optimisation of the surfaces shows that the chemical-soft surface (SrO) varies the diradical character more significantly than the chemical-hard surface (MgO). This study shows that the open-shell electronic state and stack structure of diradical molecules can be controlled through the analysis of the surface diradical state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tada
- Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy (RIECEN), Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kawakami
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoyo Hinuma
- Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy (RIECEN), Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.
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Nishijima M, Mutoh K, Shimada R, Sakamoto A, Abe J. Controlling Diradical Character of Photogenerated Colored Isomers of Phenoxyl-Imidazolyl Radical Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17186-17197. [PMID: 36070476 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We propose a rational method for evaluating the diradical character of the photochromic phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC) derivatives based on their radical-radical coupling reaction rates. PIC consists of an imidazole ring, a phenoxyl ring, and a bridging unit that structurally connects them. The C-N bond formed between the imidazole and phenoxyl rings can be dissociated photochemically in a homolytic manner. The photochromism of PIC differs significantly from other photochromic molecules in that the transient colored open-ring isomer has a diradical character. The colored open-ring isomer returns promptly to the initial colorless closed-ring isomer by the intramolecular radical recombination reaction. By changing the aromaticity and substitution position of the bridging unit, it is possible to control the degree of contribution of the open-shell diradical and closed-shell quinoidal structures to the open-ring isomer. Systematic investigation of the photochromic reactions of several PIC derivatives revealed that the half-life of the open-ring isomers reflects the diradical character. Thus, the radical recombination reaction rate of the open-ring isomer of the PIC derivatives is an excellent parameter of the diradical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Nishijima
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Rintaro Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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Nishijima M, Mutoh K, Abe J. A Qualitative Measure of Diradical Character Based on Radical–Radical Coupling Reaction. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moe Nishijima
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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Yoshikawa T, Doi T, Nakai H. Finite-temperature-based time-dependent density-functional theory method for static electron correlation systems. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:244111. [PMID: 32610978 DOI: 10.1063/1.5144527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) with a finite-temperature (FT) scheme, denoted as FT-TDDFT. We introduced the concept of fractional occupation numbers for random phase approximation equation and evaluated the excited-state electronic entropy terms with excited-state occupation number. The orbital occupation numbers for the excited state were evaluated from the change in the ground-state electron configuration with excitation and deexcitation coefficients. Furthermore, we extended the FT formulation to the time-dependent density-functional tight-binding (TDDFTB) method for larger systems, denoted as FT-TDDFTB. Numerical assessment for the FT-(TD)DFT method showed smooth potential curves for double-bond rotation of ethylene in both ground and excited states. Excited-state calculations based on the FT-TDDFTB method were applied to the uniform π-stacking columns composed of trioxotriangulene, possessing neutral radicals in strong correlation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiki Doi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Tada K, Kawakami T, Tanaka S, Okumura M, Yamaguchi K. Clarification of the Relationship between the Magnetic and Conductive Properties of Infinite Chains in Trioxotriangulene Radical Crystals by Spin‐Projected DFT/Plane‐Wave Calculations. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tada
- Research Institute of Electrochemical EnergyDepartment of Energy and Environment (RIECEN)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Ikeda Osaka 563‐8577 Japan
| | - Takashi Kawakami
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560‐0043 Japan
- Riken Center for Computational Science Kobe Hyogo 650‐0047 Japan
| | - Shingo Tanaka
- Research Institute of Electrochemical EnergyDepartment of Energy and Environment (RIECEN)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Ikeda Osaka 563‐8577 Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Okumura
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560‐0043 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB)Kyoto University Kyoto 615‐8245 Japan
| | - Kizashi Yamaguchi
- Riken Center for Computational Science Kobe Hyogo 650‐0047 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University Ibaraki Osaka 567‐0047 Japan
- NanoScience Design CenterOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560‐8531 Japan
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Minkin VI, Starikov AG, Starikova AA, Gapurenko OA, Minyaev RM, Boldyrev AI. Electronic structure and magnetic properties of the triangular nanographenes with radical substituents: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:1288-1298. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
DFT modeling of triangular polycyclic hydrocarbons bearing radicals provided insights into dependence of electronic ground states on their structural peculiarities
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I. Minkin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University
- Rostov-on-Don
- Russia
| | - Andrey G. Starikov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University
- Rostov-on-Don
- Russia
| | - Alyona A. Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University
- Rostov-on-Don
- Russia
| | - Olga A. Gapurenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University
- Rostov-on-Don
- Russia
| | - Ruslan M. Minyaev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University
- Rostov-on-Don
- Russia
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University
- Rostov-on-Don
- Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Utah State University
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Murata T, Yamada C, Furukawa K, Morita Y. Mixed valence salts based on carbon-centered neutral radical crystals. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Morita Y, Murata T, Ueda A, Yamada C, Kanzaki Y, Shiomi D, Sato K, Takui T. Trioxotriangulene: Air- and Thermally Stable Organic Carbon-Centered Neutral π-Radical without Steric Protection. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
| | - Akira Ueda
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuki Kanzaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Assessment of semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations for describing magnetic interactions. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ab initio computations of zero-field splitting parameters and effective exchange integrals for single-molecule magnets (Mn 12 - and Mn 11 Cr-acetate clusters). Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kawakami T, Sano S, Saito T, Sharma S, Shoji M, Yamada S, Takano Y, Yamanaka S, Okumura M, Nakajima T, Yamaguchi K. UNO DMRG CASCI calculations of effective exchange integrals for m-phenylene-bis-methylene spin clusters. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1301586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kawakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Saito
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CL, USA
| | - Mitsuo Shoji
- Center for Computational Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamada
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yu Takano
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shusuke Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Okumura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kizashi Yamaguchi
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- NanoScience Design Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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