1
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Diaz-Rodriguez RM, Kitos AA, Murugesu M. Expanding the series of alkali metal plumbolyl complexes to Na and K. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14420-14428. [PMID: 36129130 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02615e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we detail the straightforward and scalable synthesis of sodium and potassium complexes of the 2,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3,4-diphenylplumbolyl dianion (PblTBS,Ph). Their solid-state structures were found to comprise either monomeric solvates or coordination polymers depending on the alkali metal ion and crystallization medium. These complexes were readily prepared with high yields and purity compared to known routes to the dilithium congener of PblTBS,Ph and are well-positioned to serve as convenient precursors for salt metathesis-type reactions leading to metal complexes of the understudied PblTBS,Ph ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto M Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Alexandros A Kitos
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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2
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Ito S, Ishii Y, Kuwabara T. Inorganic salt-assisted assembly of anionic π-conjugated rings enabling 7Li NMR-based evaluation of antiaromaticity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:16397-16402. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02649j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cluster composed of three dilithium dibenzosilepinides and two Li2O molecules showed downfield shifted 7Li{1H} NMR signals (δ = 6.3, 4.4) due to the paratropic ring currents of the dianionic dibenzosilepins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Youichi Ishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuwabara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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3
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Huang Z, Zheng Y, Zhong M. Transmetalation Reactions of Aromatic Dilithionickelole: Synthesis of Heterobimetallic Complexes Featuring Metalloles as Diene Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:15967-15972. [PMID: 34569115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aromatic metallole dianions are important metallaaromatic compounds because of their various reactivities and extensive synthetic applications. Herein we report the reactions of dilithionickelole with MgCl2 , EtAlCl2 , Cp*ScCl2 , Cp*LuCl2 and Pt(COD)Cl2 (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) affording a series of Ni/M heterobimetallic complexes of the general formula (η4 -C4 R4 M)Ni(COD), in which the metalloles act as diene ligands, as suggested by single-crystal X-ray, NMR and theoretical analyses. In these reactions, two electrons of the nickelole dianion transferred to Ni, representing different reactivity compared with main-group metallole dianions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingdong Zhong
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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4
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Ito S, Ishii Y, Ishimura K, Kuwabara T. A new strategy for hyperconjugative antiaromatic compounds utilizing negative charges: a dibenzo[ b, f]silepinyl dianion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11330-11333. [PMID: 34636825 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04434f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we propose a new strategy for hyperconjugative antiaromatic compounds utilizing negative charges and design the 5,5-diphenyldibenzo[b,f]silepinyl dianion (pseudo 16π-electron system) in which negative hyperconjugation occurs between the anionic π-cloud and the σ*(Si-Ph) orbital. Essentially, reduction of the dibenzo[b,f]silepin with lithium readily generated a dilithium salt of the dibenzosilepinyl dianion, and its hyperconjugative antiaromaticity has been evidenced by the upfield shifts of 1H NMR signals and theoretical calculations, including large NICSzz values and ACID plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Youichi Ishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishimura
- X-Ability, Co., Ltd., Ishiwata Building 3rd Floor, 4-1-5 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuwabara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
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5
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Ota K, Kinjo R. Heavier element-containing aromatics of [4 n+2]-electron systems. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10594-10673. [PMID: 34369490 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While the implication of the aromaticity concept has been dramatically expanded to date since its emergence in 1865, the classical [4n+2]/4n-electron counting protocol still plays an essential role in evaluating the aromatic nature of compounds. Over the last few decades, a variety of heavier heterocycles featuring the formal [4n+2] π-electron arrangements have been developed, which allows for assessing their aromatic nature. In this review, we present recent developments of the [4n+2]-electron systems of heavier heterocycles involving group 13-15 elements. The synthesis, spectroscopic data, structural parameters, computational data, and reactivity are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ota
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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6
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Zhao Y, Zeng J, Zhu J. Tuning the hyperconjugative aromaticity in Au(III)-substituted indoliums. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8096-8101. [PMID: 34018516 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00599e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a fundamental concept in chemistry, aromaticity has been extended from traditional organics to organometallics. Similarly, hyperconjugative aromaticity (HCA) has also been developed from main group to transition metal systems through the hyperconjugation of the substituents. However, it remains unclear that how the oxidation state of transition metal in the substituents affects the HCA. Herein, we demonstrate via density functional theory calculations that HCA could disappear in indoliums when the Au(i) substituents are changed to the Au(iii) ones. By tuning the ligand or cis-trans isomerization, HCA could be regained or enhanced in indoliums containing Au(iii) substitutents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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7
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Yu C, Wu B, Yang Z, Chen H, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Inverse-Sandwich Cyclobutadiene Dinickel Complexes: Synthesis and Structural Characterization. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Botao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Yang
- Henan Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Henan Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Ramirez y Medina IM, Rohdenburg M, Kipke W, Lork E, Staubitz A. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of a Spirostannole and Formation of a Pentaorganostannate. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214993. [PMID: 33126599 PMCID: PMC7672547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new spirostannole, 1,1',3,3'-tetrakis(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-4,4',5,5',6,6',7,7'-octahydro-2,2'-spirobi[benzo[c]stannole] (4), is synthesised and the molecular structure is compared with the optimised geometry from DFT calculations. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) are twice degenerated and show a small HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 3.2 eV. In addition, cyclic voltammetry measurements are conducted and three redox processes are observed. Absorption and emission spectra show maxima at λabs,max 436 nm and λem,max 533 nm, respectively. Spirostannole 4 is a strongly absorbing material, but an extremely weak emitter in solution at 295.15 K. However, when the solution is cooled from 280 to 80 K, the emission becomes visible. The reaction of spirostannole 4 with methyllithium is monitored by NMR spectroscopy at 238.15 K. The 119Sn{1H} NMR signal shifts from -36.0 (4) to -211.0 ppm, which is indicative of the formation of the lithium pentaorganostannate 5. The complex is thermally instable at 295.15 K, but insights into the molecular structure and electronic behaviour are obtained by DFT and TD-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel-Maria Ramirez y Medina
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothek Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (I.-M.R.y.M.); (M.R.); (W.K.); (E.L.)
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothek Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (I.-M.R.y.M.); (M.R.); (W.K.); (E.L.)
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kipke
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothek Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (I.-M.R.y.M.); (M.R.); (W.K.); (E.L.)
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothek Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (I.-M.R.y.M.); (M.R.); (W.K.); (E.L.)
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothek Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (I.-M.R.y.M.); (M.R.); (W.K.); (E.L.)
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Since the prediction of the existence of metallabenzenes in 1979, metallaaromatic chemistry has developed rapidly, due to its importance in both experimental and theoretical fields. Now six major types of metallaromatic compounds, metallabenzenes, metallabenzynes, heterometallaaromatics, dianion metalloles, metallapentalenes and metallapentalynes (also termed carbolongs), and spiro metalloles, have been reported and extensively studied. Their parent organic analogues may be aromatic, non-aromatic, or even anti-aromatic. These unique systems not only enrich the large family of aromatics, but they also broaden our understanding and extend the concept of aromaticity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of metallaaromatic chemistry. We have focused on not only the six major classes of metallaaromatics, including the main-group-metal-based metallaaromatics, but also other types, such as metallacyclobutadienes and metallacyclopropenes. The structures, synthetic methods, and reactivities are described, their applications are covered, and the challenges and future prospects of the area are discussed. The criteria commonly used to judge the aromaticity of metallaaromatics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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Ito S, Kuwabara T, Ishii Y. A Tin Analogue of the Cycloheptatrienyl Anion: Synthesis, Structure, and Further Reduction to Form a Dianionic Species. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuwabara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Youichi Ishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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11
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Dong Z, Albers L, Müller T. Trialkylsilyl-Substituted Silole and Germole Dianions as Precursors for Unusual Silicon and Germanium Compounds. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:532-543. [PMID: 32031772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Group 14 element heteroles are the heavier analogues of cyclopentadienes in which a heavier group 14 element atom replaces the sp3 carbon atom. In particular siloles and, to a somewhat smaller degree, germoles attracted considerable attention since the early 1990s due to their favorable photophysical properties which allowed the construction of OLEDs using group 14 element heteroles as emissive or electron-transport layers. Anions and in particular dianions derived from group 14 element heteroles have been of substantial interest due to the possible occurrence of Hückel aromaticity involving the heavier main group atom. Aromaticity is not the only notable electronic feature of silole and germole dianions; the spatial and energetic alignment of their frontier orbitals is equally remarkable. With a high lying lone pair at the heteroatom, which is orthogonal to a delocalized π-system, their frontier orbital sequence closely resembles that of N-heterocyclic carbene analogues. Despite these intriguing parallels between carbene analogues and silole and germole dianions, disappointingly little is known about their reactivity. The installation of trialkylsilyl substituents in the 2,5-positions of the heterocyclopentadiene ring as in K2[I] has a remarkable effect on the stability of silole and germole dianions and allows us to study their reactivity and to evaluate their synthetic potential in detail. Simple double salt metathesis reactions with different dihalides provided heterofulvenes. These were detected either as intermediates or, in the case of carbon dihalides, isolated in the form of their ylidic isomers II. In other cases, the heterofulvenes were the starting point for complex reaction sequences leading to novel binuclear complexes of titanium and zirconium III or for simple isomerization reactions that lead to bicyclohexene-type tetrylenes (BCH-tetrylenes) IV, a novel class of heavier carbenes. These bicyclic carbene analogues are significantly stabilized by homoconjugation between the electron deficient tetrel atom and the remote C═C double bond. Compound IV with E'R2═SiR2 and E = Si is a valence isomer of disilabenzene and is a stable derivative of the global minimum of the Si2C4H6 potential energy surface. With group 13 dihalides, as for example with boron dichlorides, topological closely related compounds V were isolated. These Ge(II) complexes of borole dianions are isolobal to half-sandwich complexes of main group elements such as aluminum(I) cyclopentadienide or can be viewed as nido-type clusters. These analogies already open a broad field for future investigations of their reactivity. Trialkylsilyl-substituted heterole dianions I provide a facile synthetic approach to several novel intriguing compound classes with the tetrel element in unusual coordination states. The reactivity and the synthetic potential of these new compounds is however widely unexplored and calls for future systematic studies. Gratifyingly, the periodic table of the elements stills holds a lot of potential for future research on the reactivity of silole and germole dianions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Dong
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Lena Albers
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
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Saito M, Nakada M, Kuwabara T, Owada R, Furukawa S, Narayanan R, Abe M, Hada M, Tanaka K, Yamamoto Y. Inverted Sandwich Rh Complex Bearing a Plumbole Ligand and Its Catalytic Activity. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Marisa Nakada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuwabara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ryota Owada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Radhika Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachi-Oji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Minori Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachi-Oji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachi-Oji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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13
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Matsumura Y, Sugihara M, Tan SE, Sato T, Hayashi K, Nishiyama H, Zhou WM, Inagi S, Tomita I. Synthesis of Stannole-Containing π-Conjugated Polymers by Post-Element Transformation of Organotitanium Polymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1800929. [PMID: 31150134 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of stannole-2,5-diyl-containing π-conjugated polymers by the post-element transformation of a regioregular organotitanium polymer is described. For example, a 1,1-diphenylstannole-containing polymer is obtained in 83% yield by the reaction of a regioregular organotitanium polymer, which is prepared from 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2,5-diethynylbenzene and a low-valent titanium complex with diphenyltin dichloride at -50 °C to ambient temperature. The number-average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution (Mn and Mw /Mn ) of the stannole-containing polymer are estimated as 4800 and 1.8, respectively. The obtained polymer is found to have the extended π-conjugated backbone and relatively low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level (-3.12 eV), which is supported by its UV-vis absorption spectrum and cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis. In addition, the stannole-containing polymer is found to be applicable to a chemosensor for fluoride anion where the color and photoluminescence intensity of the polymer solution exhibits a distinct change in the presence of a fluoride anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Matsumura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Masato Sugihara
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Sia-Er Tan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Sato
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Kohei Hayashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishiyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Wei-Min Zhou
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
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