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Clamor N, Damrath M, Kuczmera TJ, Duvinage D, Nachtsheim BJ. Synthesis of N-acyl carbazoles, phenoxazines and acridines from cyclic diaryliodonium salts. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:12-16. [PMID: 38213840 PMCID: PMC10777325 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
N-Acyl carbazoles can be efficiently produced through a single-step process using amides and cyclic diaryliodonium triflates. This convenient reaction is facilitated by copper iodide in p-xylene, using the commonly found activating ligand diglyme. We have tested this method with a wide range of amides and iodonium triflates, proving its versatility with numerous substrates. Beyond carbazoles, we also produced a variety of other N-heterocycles, such as acridines, phenoxazines, or phenazines, showcasing the robustness of our technique. In a broader sense, this new method creates two C-N bonds simultaneously based on a mono-halogenated starting material, thus allowing heterocycle formation with diminished halogen waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Clamor
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mattis Damrath
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas J Kuczmera
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Daniel Duvinage
- Institute for Inorganic and Crystallographic Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Boris J Nachtsheim
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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Yamasaki R, Okada Y, Iizumi H, Ito A, Fukuda K, Okamoto I. Structure and Additive-free Transamidation of Planar N-Cyano Amides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5704-5712. [PMID: 37094254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Although transamidation of amides generally requires metals, additives, or harsh conditions, we present here a facile transamidation of N-cyano amides with various amines at ambient temperature without any additive. N-cyano amides preferred the trans conformation and have a reduced double bond character revealed by crystal analysis. The DFT study indicates that the transamidation reaction proceeds through the direct attack of amine on the amide carbonyl since the LUMO (or LUMO+1) is located at the carbonyl moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Yamasaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yuko Okada
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiromi Iizumi
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Ai Ito
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fukuda
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Iwao Okamoto
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
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3
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Tanaka R, Ochiai S, Sakai A, Usuki Y, Kang B, Shinada T, Satoh T. Ligand-Dependant Selective Synthesis of Mono- and Dialkenylcarbazoles through Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Alkenylation. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201210. [PMID: 36600559 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The C-H alkenylation of N-acetylcarbazoles proceeds smoothly at the C1-position in the presence of a cationic Cp*Rh(III) catalyst to produce 1-alkenylcarbazoles. The use of a cationic CpE Rh(III) catalyst enables further alkenylation to give 1,8-dialkenylcarbazoles. The direct alkenylation procedure in combination with the ready removal of the acetyl directing group provides a straightforward synthetic pathway to 1- and/or 8-alkenyl-N-H-carbazole derivatives. One of 1-alkenyl-N-H-carbazoles obtained by the present C-H alkenylation/deacetylation exhibits solvatochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuto Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Shiho Ochiai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Asumi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinosuke Usuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Bubwoong Kang
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Satoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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4
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Practical povidone iodine catalyzed transamidation from primary amides and amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Kang B, Shimizu Y, Tamura Y, Fukuda E, Hamamoto KI, Uchida Y, Yasuno Y, Nakayama A, Satoh T, Kuse M, Shinada T. Formylation Reaction of Amines Using N-Formylcarbazole. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:492-497. [PMID: 35786568 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Formamides are useful starting materials for pharmaceutical syntheses. Although various synthetic methods have been documented in this regard, the use of N-formylcarbazole as a formylation reagent for amines has not yet been reported. We report here the first examples of the use of N-formylcarbazole for the formylation of amines. The characteristic reactivity of N-formylcarbazole enables the selective formylation of sterically less hindered aliphatic primary and secondary amines. In contrast, sterically bulkier amines and weakly nucleophilic amines such as anilines are less reactive under the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bubwoong Kang
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Yuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Yusaku Tamura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University (Currently known as Osaka Metropolitan University)
| | - Eigo Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University (Currently known as Osaka Metropolitan University)
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hamamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University (Currently known as Osaka Metropolitan University)
| | | | - Yoko Yasuno
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University (Currently known as Osaka Metropolitan University)
| | - Atsushi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University (Currently known as Osaka Metropolitan University)
| | - Tetsuya Satoh
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University (Currently known as Osaka Metropolitan University)
| | - Masaki Kuse
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University (Currently known as Osaka Metropolitan University)
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Ochiai S, Sakai A, Usuki Y, Kang B, Shinada T, Satoh T. Synthesis of Indenones through Rhodium(III)-catalyzed [3+2] Annulation Utilizing a Recyclable Carbazolyl Leaving Group. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Ochiai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Asumi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinosuke Usuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Bubwoong Kang
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Satoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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