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Schmitt C, Da Roit N, Neumaier M, Maliakkal CB, Wang D, Henrich T, Kübel C, Kappes M, Behrens S. Continuous flow synthesis of atom-precise platinum clusters. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2459-2468. [PMID: 38694455 PMCID: PMC11059489 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Subnanometer clusters with precise atom numbers hold immense potential for applications in catalysis, as single atoms can significantly impact catalytic properties. Typically, inorganic clusters are produced using batch processes with high dilutions, making the scale-up of these processes time-consuming and its reproducibility challenging. While continuous-flow systems have been employed for organic synthesis and, more recently, nanoparticle preparation, these approaches have only rarely been applied to cluster synthesis. In a flexible, continuous flow synthesis platform, we integrate multiple continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) into a cascade to synthesize clusters with a precise number of atoms, demonstrating the potential of this approach for atom precise cluster synthesis and expanding the application of continuous-flow systems beyond organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schmitt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Nicola Da Roit
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Marco Neumaier
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Carina B Maliakkal
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Thilo Henrich
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christian Kübel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Manfred Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Silke Behrens
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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2
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Kawawaki T, Negishi Y. Elucidation of the electronic structures of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters by electrochemical measurements. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15152-15167. [PMID: 37712891 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02005c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) with sizes of approximately 2 nm or less have different physical/chemical properties from those of the bulk metals owing to quantum size effects. Metal NCs, which can be size-controlled and heterometal doped at atomic accuracy, are expected to be the next generation of important materials, and new metal NCs are reported regularly. However, compared with conventional materials such as metal complexes and relatively large metal nanoparticles (>2 nm), these metal NCs are still underdeveloped in terms of evaluation and establishment of application methods. Electrochemical measurements are one of the most widely used methods for synthesis, application, and characterisation of metal NCs. This review summarizes the basic knowledge of the electrochemistry and experimental techniques, and provides examples of the reported electronic states of thiolate-protected gold NCs elucidated by electrochemical approaches. It is expected that this review will provide useful information for researchers starting to study metal NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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3
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Kawawaki T, Mitomi Y, Nishi N, Kurosaki R, Oiwa K, Tanaka T, Hirase H, Miyajima S, Niihori Y, Osborn DJ, Koitaya T, Metha GF, Yokoyama T, Iida K, Negishi Y. Pt 17 nanocluster electrocatalysts: preparation and origin of high oxygen reduction reaction activity. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7272-7279. [PMID: 36987742 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01152f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We recently found that [Pt17(CO)12(PPh3)8]z (Pt = platinum; CO = carbon monoxide; PPh3 = triphenylphosphine; z = 1+ or 2+) is a Pt nanocluster (Pt NC) that can be synthesized with atomic precision in air. The present study demonstrates that it is possible to prepare a Pt17-supported carbon black (CB) catalyst (Pt17/CB) with 2.1 times higher oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity than commercial Pt nanoparticles/CB by the adsorption of [Pt17(CO)12(PPh3)8]z onto CB and subsequent calcination of the catalyst. Density functional theory calculation strongly suggests that the high ORR activity of Pt17/CB originates from the surface Pt atoms that have an electronic structure appropriate for the progress of ORR. These results are expected to provide design guidelines for the fabrication of highly active ORR catalysts using Pt NCs with a diameter of about 1 nm and thereby enabling the use of reduced amounts of Pt in polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Physical and Chemical Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mitomi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Naoki Nishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Ryuki Kurosaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Kazutaka Oiwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Hinoki Hirase
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Sayuri Miyajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - D J Osborn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Takanori Koitaya
- Physical and Chemical Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Gregory F Metha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Toshihiko Yokoyama
- Physical and Chemical Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Iida
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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Shrestha LK, Shrestha RG, Shahi S, Gnawali CL, Adhikari MP, Bhadra BN, Ariga K. Biomass Nanoarchitectonics for Supercapacitor Applications. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:11-32. [PMID: 36624057 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoarchitectonics integrates nanotechnology with numerous scientific disciplines to create innovative and novel functional materials from nano-units (atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials). The objective of nanoarchitectonics concept is to develop functional materials and systems with rationally architected functional units. This paper explores the progress and potential of this field using biomass nanoarchitectonics for supercapacitor applications as examples of energetic materials and devices. Strategic design of nanoporous carbons that exhibit ultra-high surface area and hierarchically pore architectures comprising micro- and mesopore structure and controlled pore size distributions are of great significance in energy-related applications, including in high-performance supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and fuel cells. Agricultural wastes or natural biomass are lignocellulosic materials and are excellent carbon sources for the preparation of hierarchically porous carbons with an ultra-high surface area that are attractive materials in high-performance supercapacitor applications due to high electrical and ion conduction, extreme porosity, and exceptional chemical and thermal stability. In this review, we will focus on the latest advancements in the fabrication of hierarchical porous carbon materials from different biomass by chemical activation method. Particularly, the importance of biomass-derived ultra-high surface area porous carbons, hierarchical architectures with interconnected pores in high-energy storage, and high-performance supercapacitors applications will be discussed. Finally, the current challenges and outlook for the further improvement of carbon materials derived from biomass or agricultural wastes in the advancements of supercapacitor devices will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Kumar Shrestha
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS).,Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Rekha Goswami Shrestha
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
| | - Sabina Shahi
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University
| | - Chhabi Lal Gnawali
- Department of Applied Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University (TU)
| | | | - Biswa Nath Bhadra
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS).,Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Nguyen NTK, Lebastard C, Wilmet M, Dumait N, Renaud A, Cordier S, Ohashi N, Uchikoshi T, Grasset F. A review on functional nanoarchitectonics nanocomposites based on octahedral metal atom clusters (Nb 6, Mo 6, Ta 6, W 6, Re 6): inorganic 0D and 2D powders and films. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:547-578. [PMID: 36212682 PMCID: PMC9542349 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2119101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to various functional nanoarchitectonic nanocomposites based on molecular octahedral metal atom clusters (Nb6, Mo6, Ta6, W6, Re6). Powder and film nanocomposites with two-dimensional, one-dimensional and zero-dimensional morphologies are presented, as well as film matrices from organic polymers to inorganic layered oxides. The high potential and synergetic effects of these nanocomposites for biotechnology applications, photovoltaic, solar control, catalytic, photonic and sensor applications are demonstrated. This review also provides a basic level of understanding how nanocomposites are characterized and processed using different techniques and methods. The main objective of this review would be to provide guiding significance for the design of new high-performance nanocomposites based on transition metal atom clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan T. K. Nguyen
- CNRS-Saint Gobain-NIMS, IRL3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- International Center for Young Scientists, ICYS-Sengen, Global Networking Division, NIMS, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Clément Lebastard
- CNRS-Saint Gobain-NIMS, IRL3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR6226, Rennes, France
| | - Maxence Wilmet
- CNRS-Saint Gobain-NIMS, IRL3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR6226, Rennes, France
- Saint Gobain Research Paris, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Noée Dumait
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR6226, Rennes, France
| | - Adèle Renaud
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR6226, Rennes, France
| | | | - Naoki Ohashi
- CNRS-Saint Gobain-NIMS, IRL3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Research Center for Functional Materials, NIMS, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Uchikoshi
- CNRS-Saint Gobain-NIMS, IRL3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Research Center for Functional Materials, NIMS, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fabien Grasset
- CNRS-Saint Gobain-NIMS, IRL3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR6226, Rennes, France
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Ariga K, Fakhrullin R. Materials Nanoarchitectonics from Atom to Living Cell: A Method for Everything. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, 42000, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
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Negishi Y. Metal-nanocluster Science and Technology: My Personal History and Outlook. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7569-7594. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are among the leading targets in research of nanoscale materials, and elucidation of their properties (science) and development of control techniques (technology) have been continuously studied for...
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