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Nomiya K, Nakatani N, Nakayama N, Goto H, Nakagaki M, Sakaki S, Yoshida M, Kato M, Hada M. Theoretical Study on the Vapochromic Ni(II)-Quinonoid Complex: One-Dimensional Stacking Structure-Based Color Switching. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7687-7694. [PMID: 36259145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vapochromic crystals of Ni(II)-quinonoid complexes were theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Kato et al. previously reported that the purple crystals of a four-coordinate Ni(II)-quinonoid complex (1P) exhibited vapochromic characteristics upon exposure to methanol gas, resulting in orange crystals of the six-coordinate methanol-bound complex (1O) [Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.2017, 56, 2345-2349]. However, the authors did not characterize the crystal structure of 1P. In the present study, we computationally predicted the crystal structure of 1P by performing a crystal structure search with classical force-field computations followed by optimization using DFT calculations. The simulated powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the DFT-optimized structure agreed with experimental observations, indicating that our predicted crystal structure is reliable. Investigation of the optimized crystal structure of 1P revealed that its color change arose from changes in its 1D-band structure, which consists of Ni 3d orbitals and quinonoid π-orbitals. Intermolecular interactions were weakened upon the binding of methanol to the Ni(II) center in 1O. Consequently, the intermolecular 3d-π interaction in 1P lowered the band gap and induced the red-shifting of the monomeric four-coordinate Ni(II)-quinonoid complex. Meanwhile, the obtained absorption spectrum of 1O closely corresponded to that of the monomeric six-coordinate Ni(II)-quinonoid complex. Our study provides a new strategy for accurately predicting molecular crystal structures and reveals a new insight into vapochromism based on band structure color switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Nomiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo192-0397, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakatani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo192-0397, Japan
| | - Naofumi Nakayama
- CONFLEX Corporation, 3-23-17 Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-0074, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Goto
- CONFLEX Corporation, 3-23-17 Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo108-0074, Japan.,Information and Media Center, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi441-8580, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakagaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano-Nishibiraki-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8103, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Rohm Plaza R312, Kyoto-daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8246, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo669-1330, Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo669-1330, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo192-0397, Japan
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