1
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Sadhu C, Mitra AK. Synthetic, biological and optoelectronic properties of phenoxazine and its derivatives: a state of the art review. Mol Divers 2024; 28:965-1007. [PMID: 36757655 PMCID: PMC9909160 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenoxazines have sparked a lot of interest owing to their numerous applications in material science, organic light-emitting diodes, photoredox catalyst, dye-sensitized solar cells and chemotherapy. Among other things, they have antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimalarial, anti-alzheimer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic properties. Actinomycin D, which contains a phenoxazine moiety, functions both as an antibiotic and anticancer agent. Several research groups have worked on various structural modifications over the years in order to develop new phenoxazines with improved properties. Both phenothiazines and phenoxazines have gained prominence in medicine as pharmacological lead structures from their traditional uses as dyes and pigments. Organoelectronics and material sciences have recently found these compounds and their derivatives to be quite useful. Due to this, organic synthesis has been used in an unprecedented amount of exploratory alteration of the parent structures in an effort to create novel derivatives with enhanced biological and material capabilities. As a result, it is critical to conduct more frequent reviews of the work done in this area. Various stages of the synthetic transformation of phenoxazine scaffolds have been depicted in this article. This article aims to provide a state of the art review for the better understanding of the phenoxazine derivatives highlighting the progress and prospects of the same in medicinal and material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrita Sadhu
- Department of Chemistry, Rani Rashmoni Green University, Tarakeswar, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Amrit Krishna Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, Government General Degree College, Singur, Singur, Hooghly, West Bengal, 712409, India.
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2
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Kamer J, Schleier D, Donker M, Hemberger P, Bodi A, Bouwman J. Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy and dissociative photoionization of benzonitrile. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29070-29079. [PMID: 37861750 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03977c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The threshold photoionization and dissociative ionization of benzonitrile (C6H5CN) were studied using double imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (i2PEPICO) spectroscopy at the Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) beamline of the Swiss Light Source (SLS). The threshold photoelectron spectrum was recorded from 9.6 to 12.7 eV and Franck-Condon simulations of ionization into the ionic ground state, X̃+, as well as the B̃+ and C̃+ states were performed to assign the observed vibronic structures. The adiabatic ionization energies of the X̃+, B̃+ and C̃+ states are determined to be (9.72 ± 0.02), (11.85 ± 0.03) and, tentatively, (12.07 ± 0.04) eV, respectively. Threshold ionization mass spectra were recorded from 13.75 to 19.75 eV and the breakdown diagram was constructed by plotting the fractional abundances of the parent ion and ionic dissociation products as a function of photon energy. The seven lowest energy dissociative photoionization channels of benzonitrile were found to yield CN˙ + c-C6H5+, HCN + C6H4˙+, C2H4 + HC5N˙+, HC3N + C4H4˙+, H2C3N˙ + C4H3+, CH2CHCN + C4H2˙+ and H2C4N˙ + c-C3H3+. HCN loss from the benzonitrile cation is the dominant dissociation channel from the dissociation onset of up to 18.1 eV and CH2CHCN loss becomes dominant from 18.1 eV and up. We present extensive potential energy surface calculations on the C6H5CN˙+ surface to rationalize the detected products. The breakdown diagram and time-of-flight mass spectra are fitted using a Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus statistical model. Anchoring the fit to the CBS-QB3 result (3.42 eV) for the barrier to HCN loss, we obtained experimental dissociation barriers for the products of 4.30 eV (CN loss), 5.53 eV (C2H4 loss), 4.33 eV (HC3N loss), 5.15 eV (H2C3N loss), 4.93 eV (CH2CHCN loss) and 4.41 eV (H2C4N loss). We compare our work to studies of the electron-induced dissociative ionization of benzonitrile and isoelectronic phenylacetylene (C8H6), as well as the VUV-induced dissociation of protonated benzonitrile (C6H5CNH+). Also, we discuss the potential role of barrierless association reactions found for some of the identified fragments as a source of benzonitrile(˙+) in interstellar chemistry and in Titan's atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Kamer
- Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Domenik Schleier
- Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Lehrstuhl Technische Thermodynamik, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Merel Donker
- Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jordy Bouwman
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Institute for Modeling Plasma, Atmospheres and Cosmic Dust (IMPACT), NASA/SSERVI, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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3
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Crane S, Garrow M, Lane PD, Robertson K, Waugh A, Woolley JM, Stavros VG, Paterson MJ, Greaves SJ, Townsend D. The Value of Different Experimental Observables: A Transient Absorption Study of the Ultraviolet Excitation Dynamics Operating in Nitrobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6425-6436. [PMID: 37494478 PMCID: PMC10424241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Excess energy redistribution dynamics operating in nitrobenzene under hexane and isopropanol solvation were investigated using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) with a 267 nm pump and a 340-750 nm white light continuum probe. The use of a nonpolar hexane solvent provides a proxy to the gas-phase environment, and the findings are directly compared with a recent time-resolved photoelectron imaging (TRPEI) study on nitrobenzene using the same excitation wavelength [L. Saalbach et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125, 7174-7184]. Of note is the observation of a 1/e lifetime of 3.5-6.7 ps in the TAS data that was absent in the TRPEI measurements. This is interpreted as a dynamical signature of the T2 state in nitrobenzene─analogous to observations in the related nitronaphthalene system, and additionally supported by previous quantum chemistry calculations. The discrepancy between the TAS and TRPEI measurements is discussed, with the overall findings providing an example of how different spectroscopic techniques can exhibit varying sensitivity to specific steps along the overall reaction coordinate connecting reactants to photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart
W. Crane
- Institute
of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Malcolm Garrow
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Paul D. Lane
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Kate Robertson
- Institute
of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Alex Waugh
- Institute
of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Jack M. Woolley
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Martin J. Paterson
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Stuart J. Greaves
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute
of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
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4
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The Journey of 1-Keto-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrocarbazole Based Fluorophores: From Inception to Implementation. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:2023-2052. [PMID: 35829843 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbazole is a unique template associated with several biological activities. It is due to the diverse and versatile biological properties of carbazole derivatives that they are of immense interest to the research community. 1-keto-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles are important synthetic intermediates to obtain carbazole derivatives. Several members of this family emit fluorescence on photoexcitation. In the context of biochemical and biophysical research, designing and characterising small molecule environment sensitive fluorophores is extremely significant. This article aims to be a state of the art review with synthetic and photophysical details of a variety of fluorophores based on 1-keto-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole skeleton.
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5
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Saalbach L, Kotsina N, Crane SW, Paterson MJ, Townsend D. Ultraviolet Excitation Dynamics of Nitrobenzenes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7174-7184. [PMID: 34379417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron imaging was used to investigate nonadiabatic processes operating in the excited electronic states of nitrobenzene and three methyl-substituted derivatives: 3,5-, 2,6-, and 2,4-dimethylnitrobenzene. The primary goal was evaluating the dynamical impact of the torsional angle between the NO2 group and the benzene ring plane-something previously implicated in mediating the propensity for branching into different photodissociation pathways (NO vs NO2 elimination). Targeted, photoinitiated release of NO radicals is of interest for clinical medicine applications, and there is a need to establish basic structure-dynamics-function principles in systematically varied model systems following photoexcitation. Within our 200 ps experimental detection window, we observed no significant differences in the excited-state lifetimes exhibited by all species under study using a 267 nm pump and ionization with an intense 400 nm probe. In agreement with previous theoretical predictions, this suggests that the initial energy redistribution dynamics within the singlet and triplet manifolds are driven by motions localized predominantly on the NO2 group. Our findings also imply that both NO and NO2 elimination occur from a vibrationally hot ground state on extended (nanosecond) timescales, and any variations in NO vs NO2 branching upon site-selective methylation are due to steric effects influencing isomerization prior to dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Saalbach
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Stuart W Crane
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.,Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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6
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McPherson SL, Shusterman JM, López Peña HA, Ampadu Boateng D, Tibbetts KM. Quantitative Analysis of Nitrotoluene Isomer Mixtures Using Femtosecond Time-Resolved Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11268-11274. [PMID: 34347440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Discrimination of isomers in a mixture is a subject of ongoing interest in biology, pharmacology, and forensics. We demonstrate that femtosecond time-resolved mass spectrometry (FTRMS) effectively quantifies mixtures of ortho-, para-, and meta-nitrotoluenes, the first two of which are common explosive degradation products. The key advantage of the FTRMS approach to mixture quantification lies in the ability of the pump-probe laser control scheme to capture distinct fragmentation dynamics of each nitrotoluene cation isomer on femtosecond timescales, thereby allowing for discrimination of the isomers using only the signal of the parent molecular ion at m/z 137. Upon measurement of reference dynamics of each individual isomer, the molar fractions of binary and ternary mixtures can be predicted to within ∼5 and ∼7% accuracy, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane L McPherson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Jacob M Shusterman
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Hugo A López Peña
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Derrick Ampadu Boateng
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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7
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Huang J, Huang C, Wu X, Hou Q, Tian G, Yang J, Zhang F. Combined experimental and theoretical study on photoionization cross sections of benzonitrile and o/m/p-cyanotoluene. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:244301. [PMID: 34241365 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoionization cross sections (PICSs) for the products of the reaction from CN with toluene, including benzonitrile and o/m/p-cyanotoluene, were obtained at photon energies ranging from ionization thresholds to 14 eV by tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS). Theoretical calculations based on the frozen-core Hartree-Fock approximation and Franck-Condon simulations were carried out to cross-verify the measured PICS. The results show that the photoionization cross sections of benzonitrile and cyanotoluene isomers are similar. The generalized charge decomposition analysis was used to investigate the components of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and HOMO-1. It was found that the HOMO and HOMO-1 of benzonitrile and cyanotoluene isomers are dominated by the features of the benzene ring, indicating that the substitution of CN and methyl has a minor influence on the PICS of the studied molecules. The reported PICS on benzonitrile and cyanotoluene isomers in the present work could contribute to the near-threshold PIMS experiments and determine the ionization and dissociation rates in interstellar space for these crucial species. The theoretical analysis on characteristics of molecular orbitals provides clues to estimating the PICS of similar substituted aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Huang
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Qifeng Hou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjun Tian
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuzhong Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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8
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Grimm S, Baik SJ, Hemberger P, Bodi A, Kempf AM, Kasper T, Atakan B. Gas-phase aluminium acetylacetonate decomposition: revision of the current mechanism by VUV synchrotron radiation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15059-15075. [PMID: 34231583 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00720c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although aluminium acetylacetonate, Al(C5H7O2)3, is a common precursor for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of aluminium oxide, its gas-phase decomposition is not well-known. Here, we studied its thermal decomposition in a microreactor by double imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (i2PEPICO) between 325 and 1273 K. The reactor flow field was characterized by CFD. Quantum chemical calculations were used for the assignment of certain species. The dissociative ionization of the room temperature precursor molecule starts at a photon energy of 8.5 eV by the rupture of the bond to an acetylacetonate ligand leading to the formation of the Al(C5H7O2)2+ ion. In pyrolysis experiments, up to 49 species were detected and identified in the gas-phase, including reactive intermediates and isomeric/isobaric hydrocarbons, oxygenated species as well as aluminium containing molecules. We detected aluminium bis(diketo)acetylacetonate-H, Al(C5H7O2)C5H6O2, at m/z 224 together with acetylacetone (C5H8O2) as the major initial products formed at temperatures above 600 K. A second decomposition channel affords Al(OH)2(C5H7O2) along with the formation of a substituted pentalene ring species (C10H12O2) as assigned by Franck-Condon simulations and quantum chemical calculations. Acetylallene (C5H6O), acetone (C3H6O) and ketene (C2H2O) were major secondary decomposition products, formed upon decomposition of the primary products. Three gas-phase aromatic hydrocarbons were also detected and partially assigned for the first time: m/z 210, m/z 186 (C14H18 or C12H10O2) and m/z 146 (C11H14 or C9H6O2) and their formation mechanism is discussed. Finally, Arrhenius parameters are presented on the gas-phase decomposition kinetics of Al(C5H7O2)3, aided by numerical simulation of the flow field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Grimm
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Combustion and Gas Dynamics, Chair of Thermodynamics, Duisburg 47057, Germany. and Center for NanoIntegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Seung-Jin Baik
- Center for NanoIntegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Duisburg 47057, Germany and University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Combustion and Gas Dynamics, Chair of Fluid Dynamics, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M Kempf
- Center for NanoIntegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Duisburg 47057, Germany and University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Combustion and Gas Dynamics, Chair of Fluid Dynamics, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Tina Kasper
- Center for NanoIntegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Duisburg 47057, Germany and University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Combustion and Gas Dynamics, Chair of Mass Spectrometry of Reactive Fluids, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Burak Atakan
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Combustion and Gas Dynamics, Chair of Thermodynamics, Duisburg 47057, Germany. and Center for NanoIntegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Duisburg 47057, Germany
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9
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Henley A, Riley J, Wang B, Fielding HH. An experimental and computational study of the effect of aqueous solution on the multiphoton ionisation photoelectron spectrum of phenol. Faraday Discuss 2020; 221:202-218. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We revisit the photoelectron spectroscopy of aqueous phenol in an effort to improve our understanding of the impact of inhomogeneous broadening and inelastic scattering on solution-phase photoelectron spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Henley
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Jamie W. Riley
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Bingxing Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
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10
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Prendergast MB, Kirk BB, Savee JD, Osborn DL, Taatjes CA, Hemberger P, Blanksby SJ, da Silva G, Trevitt AJ. Product detection study of the gas-phase oxidation of methylphenyl radicals using synchrotron photoionisation mass spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17939-17949. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01935a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of ortho and meta-methylphenyl radicals with oxygen form products that depend acutely on the position of the methyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John D. Savee
- Combustion Research Facility
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Livermore
- USA
| | - David L. Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Livermore
- USA
| | - Craig A. Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Livermore
- USA
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- CH-5232 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
| | - Stephen J. Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane QLD 4001
- Australia
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Adam J. Trevitt
- School of Chemistry
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
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11
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12
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Ampadu Boateng D, Gutsev GL, Jena P, Tibbetts KM. Dissociation dynamics of 3- and 4-nitrotoluene radical cations: Coherently driven C–NO2bond homolysis. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:134305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5024892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Ampadu Boateng
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
| | - Gennady L. Gutsev
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Puru Jena
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
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13
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Irikura KK. Partial Ionization Cross Sections of Organic Molecules. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 122:1-67. [PMID: 34877123 PMCID: PMC7347380 DOI: 10.6028/jres.122.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Partial ionization cross sections are the absolute yields of specific ions from an electron-molecule collision. They are necessary for modeling plasmas and for determining the sensitivity of mass spectrometers, among other applications. One mass-spectrometric application is estimating the abundance of organic compounds on Mars, as sampled by the rover Curiosity. This is a report of semitheoretical data obtained for a collection of organic molecules identified as possible biomarkers in this exotic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl K Irikura
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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14
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Knight JW, Wang X, Gallandi L, Dolgounitcheva O, Ren X, Ortiz JV, Rinke P, Körzdörfer T, Marom N. Accurate Ionization Potentials and Electron Affinities of Acceptor Molecules III: A Benchmark of GW Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:615-26. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Knight
- Physics
and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Physics
and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Lukas Gallandi
- Computational
Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olga Dolgounitcheva
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
| | - Xinguo Ren
- Key
Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - J. Vincent Ortiz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
| | - Patrick Rinke
- COMP/Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Thomas Körzdörfer
- Computational
Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Noa Marom
- Physics
and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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15
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Ohkubo K, Hirose K, Fukuzumi S. Solvent-Free One-Step Photochemical Hydroxylation of Benzene Derivatives by the Singlet Excited State of 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone Acting as a Super Oxidant. Chemistry 2014; 21:2855-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Bohinski T, Moore Tibbetts K, Munkerup K, Tarazkar M, Romanov DA, Matsika S, Levis RJ. Radical cation spectroscopy of substituted alkyl phenyl ketones via tunnel ionization. Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Tibbetts KM, Bohinski T, Munkerup K, Tarazkar M, Levis R. Controlling Dissociation of Alkyl Phenyl Ketone Radical Cations in the Strong-Field Regime through Hydroxyl Substitution Position. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8170-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp500874r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Center
for Advanced Photonics
Research and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Timothy Bohinski
- Center
for Advanced Photonics
Research and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Kristin Munkerup
- Center
for Advanced Photonics
Research and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Maryam Tarazkar
- Center
for Advanced Photonics
Research and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Robert Levis
- Center
for Advanced Photonics
Research and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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18
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Thompson JOF, Livingstone RA, Townsend D. Following the relaxation dynamics of photoexcited aniline in the 273-266 nm region using time-resolved photoelectron imaging. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:034316. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4813005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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19
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Bohinski T, Moore Tibbetts K, Tarazkar M, Romanov D, Matsika S, Levis RJ. Measurement of an Electronic Resonance in a Ground-State, Gas-Phase Acetophenone Cation via Strong-Field Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1587-1591. [PMID: 26282963 DOI: 10.1021/jz400516h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A one-photon ionic resonance is measured in the strong-field regime in acetophenone by recording the mass spectra as a function of excitation wavelength from 800 to 1500 nm. The ratio of the benzoyl to parent ion signals in the mass spectrum varies significantly with excitation wavelength, where the highest ratio observed upon excitation at 1370 nm (0.90 eV) indicates the presence of a one-photon resonance. At the resonant wavelength, the ratio of the benzoyl to parent ion signals increases linearly with laser intensity over a range from 1.1 × 10(13) to 6.0 × 10(13) W cm(-2). The ratio increases by a factor of 5 at 1370 nm with increasing pulse duration from 60 to 100 fs. Calculations using the equation of motion coupled cluster method support the existence of a one-photon transition from the ground ionic to a dissociative excited ionic state (0.87 eV), where motion of the acetyl group from a planar to nonplanar structure within the pulse duration enables the otherwise forbidden transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Bohinski
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Maryam Tarazkar
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Dmitri Romanov
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Robert J Levis
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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20
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Livingstone RA, Thompson JOF, Iljina M, Donaldson RJ, Sussman BJ, Paterson MJ, Townsend D. Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of excited state relaxation dynamics in phenol, catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:184304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4765104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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22
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Theoretical study of electronic absorptions in aminopyridines – TCNE CT complexes by quantum chemical methods, including solvent. J Mol Model 2012; 19:4639-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Zhu X, Lozovoy VV, Shah JD, Dantus M. Photodissociation Dynamics of Acetophenone and Its Derivatives with Intense Nonresonant Femtosecond Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:1305-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1029486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Vadim V. Lozovoy
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jay D. Shah
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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24
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Sankararaman S, Kochi JK. I. Photochemical nitration of methoxybenzenes from charge-transfer complexes with tetranitromethane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19861050909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Dong H, Chen BZ, Huang MB, Yu SY. Electronic states of the C 6H 5CN +ion studied using multiconfiguration wave functions. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2010.501346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Atim S, Wang X, Richmond MG. Synthesis of the donor–acceptor ligand 2-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (dbpcd) and X-ray diffraction structure of the platinum(II) compound PtCl2(dbpcd)·1.5CH2Cl2. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Ferrier B, Boulanger AM, Holland DMP, Shaw DA, Mayer PM. Nitro-nitrite isomerization and transition state switching in the dissociation of ionized nitromethane: a threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2009; 15:157-166. [PMID: 19423901 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence (TPEPICO) spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the competition between bond cleavage and rearrangement reactions in the dissociation of ionized nitromethane, 1. Modeling TPEPICO breakdown diagrams with a combination of RRKM theory and ab initio calculations at the G3 level of theory allowed the derivation of the activation energy for the isomerisation of 1 to ionized methyl nitrite, 2, 82 kJ mol(-1). In addition, evidence was found for a transition state switch in the bond cleavage reaction in 1 leading to CH(3)(*) + NO(2)(+). As internal energy increases, the effective transition state for this reaction becomes tighter (i.e. is characterized by a lower entropy of activation, Delta(double dagger)S). Fitted thresholds for NO(+) and CH(2)OHO(+) ions, originating from the isomeric methyl nitrite ion, are consistent with G3 level ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Ferrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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28
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TSUKATANI H, OKUDAIRA H, UCHIMURA T, IMASAKA T, IMASAKA T. Selective Ionization of 2,4-Xylenol in Mass Spectrometry Using a Tunable Laser and Supersonic Jet Technique. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:599-604. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko TSUKATANI
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Hiroki OKUDAIRA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Tomohiro UCHIMURA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
- Division of Translational Research, Center for Future Chemistry
| | - Tomoko IMASAKA
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University
| | - Totaro IMASAKA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
- Division of Translational Research, Center for Future Chemistry
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29
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Ge M, Yao L. Substituent effect on electronic structures of halonitrobenzenes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 71:1499-1502. [PMID: 18573688 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structures and substituent effects of o-, m-, and p-chloronitrobenzene and bromonitrobenzene have been studied by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). It was found that the o-isomer possesses particular electronic properties. This characteristic depends on the conjugation between the benzene ring pi orbital and the nitro group pi orbital and the interaction of the halogen and nitro groups in the adjacent position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, PR China.
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30
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Yao L, Du L, Ge M, Ma C, Wang D. Experimental and theoretical study of substituent effects of iodonitrobenzenes. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:10105-10. [PMID: 17880050 DOI: 10.1021/jp073605r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structures and substituent effects of o-, m-, and p-iodonitrobenzene have been studied by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The observed bands were interpreted on the basis of empirical arguments and theoretical calculations. The analysis of electronic effects of the donor/acceptor substituent groups is essential for the reliable assignment of the observed photoelectron spectra. The investigation of pi- and n-orbital ionization potentials enabled us to describe the correlation between substituent effects and the relative reactivities of the iodonitrobenzenes. It was found that the energy order of the pi(2) and n(II) parallel orbitals is reversed as a result of the combined influence of the electron-withdrawing nitro group and the electron-donating iodine atom. Distinct changes of the pi and n bands occur in o-iodonitrobenzene. This characteristic depends on the conjugation between the pi orbitals of the benzene ring and the nitro group and the interaction of in-plane lone pairs of iodine and one of the oxygen atoms of the nitro group in the adjacent position. This might contribute to the high reactivity of o-iodonitrobenzene in a number of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, PR China
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31
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Yumatov VD, Davydova NV, Furin GG. Electronic structures of monosubstituted benzenes and X-ray emission spectroscopy 5. Nitrobenzene. Russ Chem Bull 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-006-0424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Shi YJ, Lipson RH. An overview of organic molecule soft ionization using vacuum ultraviolet laser radiation. CAN J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1139/v05-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The utility of coherent vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) single-photon ionization (SPI) combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) for organic molecule detection by parent mass is explored in this short review. Nonresonant tripling in phase-matched XeAr gas mixtures was used to generate photons at a fixed energy of 10.5 eV. Representative organic molecules with different functional groups were examined, including aliphatic and aromatic alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkanols, ethers, amines, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. In almost every case, the intensity of the resultant parent molecular ion peak detected by TOF-MS was found to be superior to that obtained using 70 eV electron impact (EI), and comparable to that obtained with 12 eV EI. In those instances when fragmentation reactions did occur, the resultant ions were similar to those found using EI but with significantly reduced mass spectral intensities. It was still possible to establish one dominant fragmentation pathway that could be used for molecular identification even if the parent molecular ion was not the strongest feature in the spectrum, for example, in the case of alcohols, alcohol clusters, and alcoholether adducts. Several of the fragment ions were metastably broadened. Not surprisingly, their known appearance energies or estimated reaction enthalpies were very similar to the fixed photon energy used. The success of using VUV for organic molecule soft ionization is attributed to the low photon energy that removes predominantly a π- or non-bonding electron from the functionalized species. As most organic compounds have ionization potentials in the 10.5 eV region, this approach is expected to be near universal.Key words: vacuum ultraviolet laser, single photon ionization, organic molecule detection, soft-ionization, mass spectrometry.
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33
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Nadeau JM, Liu M, Waldeck DH, Zimmt MB. Hole Transfer in a C-Shaped Molecule: Conformational Freedom versus Solvent-Mediated Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:15964-73. [PMID: 14677988 DOI: 10.1021/ja0372917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The electronic coupling matrix elements attending the charge separation reactions of a C-shaped molecule containing an excited pyrene as the electron acceptor and a dimethylaniline as the donor are determined in aromatic, ether, and ester solvents. Band shape analyses of the charge-transfer emission spectra (CT --> S(0)) provide values of the reaction free energy, the solvent reorganization energy, and the vibrational reorganization energy in each solvent. The free energy for charge separation in benzene and toluene solvents is independently determined from the excited state equilibrium established between the locally excited pyrene S(1) state and the charge-transfer state. Analyses of the charge separation kinetics using the spectroscopically determined reorganization energies and reaction free energies indicate that the electronic coupling is solvent independent, despite the presence of a cleft between the donor and acceptor. Hence, solvent molecules are not involved in the coupling pathway. The orientations of the donor and acceptor units, relative to the spacer, are not rigidly constrained, and their torsional motions decrease solvent access to the cleft. Generalized Mulliken-Hush calculations show that rotation of the pyrene group about the bond connecting it to the spacer greatly modulates the magnitude of through-space coupling between the S(1) and CT states. The relationship between the torsional dynamics and the electron-transfer dynamics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Nadeau
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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34
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Suppression of decomposition of aniline cation in intense laser fields by cluster formation with NH3 and H2O. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(03)00020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Watanabe J, Itakura R, Hishikawa A, Yamanouchi K. Suppression of decomposition of aniline cation in intense laser fields by cluster formation with ammonia molecules. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1475753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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36
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Bednarek P, Zhu Z, Bally T, Filipiak T, Marcinek A, Gebicki J. Electron-transfer-induced tautomerization in methylindanones: electronic control of the tunneling rate for enolization. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:2377-87. [PMID: 11456887 DOI: 10.1021/ja003708m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The radical cations generated from 4-methyl- and 4,7-dimethylindanone, as well as their deuterated isotopomers, isolated in Argon matrices, were found to undergo enolization to the corresponding enol radical cations at rates that differ by orders of magnitude. It is shown by quantum chemical calculations that the effect of the remote methyl group in the 4-position is of purely electronic nature in that it stabilizes the unreactive pi-radical relative to the reactive sigma-radical state of the 7-methylindanone radical cation. The observed kinetic behavior of the two compounds can be reproduced satisfactorily on the basis of calculated height and width of the thermal barrier for enolization, using the Bell model for quantum mechanical tunneling. High-level calculations on the methylacrolein radical cation show that barriers for enolization in radical cations are overestimated by B3LYP/6-31G.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bednarek
- Contribution from the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Perolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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37
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Modelli A, Venuti M, Scagnolari F, Contento M, Jones D. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Determination of the Electronic Structure of Thiazyl Chains and Extrapolation to Poly(sulfur nitride), (SN)x: A Contribution to the Study of Conducting Polymers. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0025781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Modelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Venuti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Scagnolari
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Contento
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Derek Jones
- ICoCEA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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38
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Electronic structure of phenyl-N,N-dimorpholinomethanes. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02683924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Yumatov VD, Okotrub AV, Furin GG, Salakhutdinov NF. Electronic structure of monosubstituted benzenes and X-ray emission spectroscopy. Russ Chem Bull 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02495254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Bockman TM, Kosynkin D, Kochi JK. Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Transient (Colored) Complexes of Arenediazonium with Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Intermediates in Arylations and Azo Couplings. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo970540n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Bockman
- Chemistry Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641
| | - D. Kosynkin
- Chemistry Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641
| | - J. K. Kochi
- Chemistry Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641
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41
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LeClaire JE, Anand R, Johnson PM. Photoinduced Rydberg ionization spectroscopy of phenol: The structure and assignment of the B̃-state of the cation. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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42
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Scientific Publications of Saburo Nagakura. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962912m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Semenov S, Khodyreva N. Theoretical study of electron-donor and spectroscopic properties of substituted phenols in various solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(94)04088-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Spange S, Maenz K, Stadermann D. Untersuchungen zur Charge-Transfer-Wechselwirkung von Phenolen mit Tetracyanethylen (TCNE). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1992199201170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Spange S, Keutel D. 4,4′-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenon (Michlers Keton) — ein universeller Indikator zur Bestimmung der Acidität, Dipolarität und Polarisierbarkeit von Reaktionsmedien. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199219920177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Marshall A, Clark A, Jennings R, Ledingham K, Singhal R. Wavelength-dependent laser-induced fragmentation of nitrobenzene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(92)80009-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Nagy A, Green JC, Szepes L, Zanathy L. HeI and HeII photoelectron spectroscopic investigation of subsituent effects in aminosilanes. J Organomet Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(91)86161-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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49
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50
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Molecular orbital model of regioselective free-radical aromatic substitution. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00536354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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