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First direct evidence for direct cell-membrane penetrations of polycationic homopoly(amino acid)s produced by bacteria. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1132. [PMID: 36289442 PMCID: PMC9606270 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria produce polycationic homopoly(amino acid)s, which are characterized by isopeptide backbones. Although the biological significance of polycationic homopoly(amino acid)s remains unclear, increasing attention has recently been focused on their potential use to achieve cellular internalization. Here, for the first time, we provide direct evidence that two representative bacterial polycationic isopeptides, ε-poly-L-α-lysine (ε-PαL) and ε-oligo-L-β-lysine (ε-OβL), were internalized into mammalian cells by direct cell-membrane penetration and then diffused throughout the cytosol. In this study, we used clickable ε-PαL and ε-OβL derivatives carrying a C-terminal azide group, which were enzymatically produced and then conjugated with a fluorescent dye to analyze subcellular localization. Interestingly, fluorescent proteins conjugated with the clickable ε-PαL or ε-OβL were also internalized into cells and diffused throughout the cytosol. Notably, a Cre recombinase conjugate with ε-PαL entered cells and mediated the Cre/loxP recombination, and ε-PαL was found to deliver a full-length IgG antibody to the cytosol and nucleus.
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Yamanaka K, Fukumoto H, Yoshimura N, Arakawa K, Kato Y, Hamano Y, Oikawa T. Discovery of a Polyamino Acid Antibiotic Solely Comprising l-β-Lysine by Potential Producer Prioritization-Guided Genome Mining. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:171-180. [PMID: 34886659 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the genome mining approach has enabled the rational exploration of untapped bioactive natural products, in silico identifications of their biosynthetic genes are often unconnected to the actual production of the corresponding molecules in native strains due to the genetic dormancy. We report here the rational discovery of an unexplored cationic homo polyamino acid (CHPA) antibiotic by potential producer prioritization-guided genome mining. Mining the genome of γ-poly-d-diaminobutyric acid (poly-d-Dab)-producing Streptoalloteichus hindustanus NBRC 15115, which was selected based on the finding that the known CHPAs are universally co-produced in pairs, identified a putative CHPA synthetase, PblA, as a potential candidate being expressed actively. Bioinformatic and biochemical analyses of PblA provided the critical clue that its polymer product could be an unusual CHPA consisting of l-β-lysine. Instrumental analyses of the metabolites from S. hindastanus indeed revealed the production of an unprecedented linear CHPA, ε-poly-l-β-lysine, concomitantly with poly-d-Dab. The CHPA we discovered exerted excellent antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, and was revealed to show resistance against nonspecific proteolytic enzymes. This study marks the first report of the efficacy of the strain prioritization-guided genome mining strategy for the discovery of bioactive CHPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yamanaka
- Department of Life Science & Technology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-Cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-Cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Hibiki Fukumoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-Cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-Cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Kenji Arakawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kato
- Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa,
Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Hamano
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Tadao Oikawa
- Department of Life Science & Technology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-Cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-Cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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Mahajan A, Hans R, Chibale K, Kumar V. Synthesis and medicinal chemistry of selected antitubercular natural products and natural product derivatives. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46124f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Guichard G, Abele S, Seebach D. Preparation ofN-Fmoc-Protected ?2- and ?3-Amino Acids and their use as building blocks for the solid-phase synthesis of ?-peptides. Helv Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19980810202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yuan C, Williams RM. Total Synthesis of the Anti Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Peptide Antibiotics TAN-1057A-D. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja972670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yuan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Robert M. Williams
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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Synthesis and biological activities of peptidomimetic analogues of compound A71623, a potent and selective CCK-A receptor agonist. Int J Pept Res Ther 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02442882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Podlech J, Seebach D. On the preparation of β-amino acids from α-amino acids using the Arndt-Eistert reaction: Scope, limitations and stereoselectivity. Application to carbohydrate peptidation. Stereoselective α-alkylations of some β-amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1995199507163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Misiti D, Santaniell M, Zappia G. A stereoselactive synthesis of both enantiomers of emeriamine from a single precursor: L-aspartic acid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)80612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Misiti D, Santaniello M, Zappia G. Synthesis of (3R)- and (3S)-3,4-Diamino-Butyric Acid from L-Aspartic Acid. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919208020852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Keirs D, Moffat D, Overton K, Tomanek R. Asymmetric syntheses of the naturally occurring β-amino acids, β-lysine, β-leucine and β-phenyl-β-alanine via nitrone cycloaddition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1039/p19910001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Peptide and pseudopeptide analogues of cholecystokinin, chemical modifications of the met28-gly29 region. Tetrahedron 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)86144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kusumoto S, Imaoka S, Kambayashi Y, Shiba T. Total synthesis of antibiotic streptothricin F. Tetrahedron Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)87506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nomoto S, Shiba T. SYNTHESIS OFNβ-METHYL-L-β-ARGININE, A COMPONENT AMINO ACID IN A NEW ANTIBIOTIC LL-BM547β. CHEM LETT 1978. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1978.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Miyoshi M, Nunami KI, Sugano H, Fujii T. Structure-taste Relationship of Novel α-L-Aspartyl Dipeptide Sweetners. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1978. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.51.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Teshima T, Nomoto S, Wakamiya T, Shiba T. Chemical Studies on Tuberactinomycin. XII. Syntheses and Antimicrobial Activities of [Ala3, Ala4]-, [Ala3]-, and [Ala4]-Tuberactinomycin O. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1977. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.50.3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wakamiya T, Teshima T, Sakakibara H, Fukukawa K, Shiba T. Chemical Studies on Tuberactinomycin. XI. Semisyntheses of Tuberactinomycin Analogs with Various Amino Acids in Branched Part. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1977. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.50.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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