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Wengler-Rust S, Staechelin YU, Lange H, Weller H. Electron Donor-Specific Surface Interactions Promote the Photocatalytic Activity of Metal-Semiconductor Nanohybrids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401388. [PMID: 38634407 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In the past two decades, the application of colloidal semiconductor-metal nanoparticles (NPs) as photocatalysts for the hydrogen generation from water has been extensively studied. The present body of literature studies agrees that the photocatalytic yield strongly depends on the electron donating agent (EDA) added for scavenging the photogenerated holes. The highest reported hydrogen production rates are obtained in the presence of ionic EDAs and at high pH. The large hydrogen production rates are attributed to fast hole transfer from the NP onto the EDAs. However, the present discussions do not treat the influence of EDA-specific surface interactions. This systematic study focuses on that aspect by combining steady-state hydrogen production measurements with time-resolved and static optical spectroscopy, employing 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid-capped, Pt-tipped CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods in the presence of a large set of EDAs. Based on the experimental results, two distinct EDA groups are identified: surface-active and diffusion-limited EDAs. The largest photocatalytic efficiencies are obtained in the presence of surface-active EDAs that induce an agglomeration of the NPs. This demonstrates that the introduction of surface-active EDAs can significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of the NPs, despite reducing their colloidal stability and inducing the formation of NP networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soenke Wengler-Rust
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yannic U Staechelin
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer IAP-CAN, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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Denisov N, Yoo J, Schmuki P. Effect of different hole scavengers on the photoelectrochemical properties and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of pristine and Pt-decorated TiO2 nanotubes. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xu K, Chatzitakis A, Jensen IJT, Grandcolas M, Norby T. Ta 3N 5/Co(OH) x composites as photocatalysts for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:837-844. [PMID: 30411099 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00312b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ta3N5 nanotubes (NTs) were obtained from nitridation of Ta2O5 NTs, which were grown directly on Ta foil through a 2-step anodization procedure. With Co(OH)x decoration, a photocurrent density as high as 2.3 mA cm-2 (1.23 V vs. NHE) was reached under AM1.5G simulated solar light; however, the electrode suffered from photocorrosion. More stable photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance was achieved by first loading Co(OH)x, followed by loading cobalt phosphate (Co-Pi) as double co-catalysts. The Co(OH)x/Co-Pi double co-catalysts may act as a hole storage layer that slows down the photocorrosion caused by the accumulated holes on the surface of the electrode. A "waggling" appearance close to the "mouth" of Ta2O5 NTs was observed, and may indicate structural instability of the "mouth" region, which breaks into segments after nitridation and forms a top layer of broken Ta3N5 NTs. A unique mesoporous structure of the walls of the Ta3N5 NTs, which is reported here the first time, is also a result of the nitridation process. We believe that the mesoporous structure makes it difficult for the nanotubes to be fully covered by the co-catalyst layer, hence rationalizing the remaining degradation by photocorrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Xu
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, FERMiO, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
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Kalamaras E, Lianos P. Current Doubling effect revisited: Current multiplication in a PhotoFuelCell. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Manivannan A, Fujishima A, Rao GVS. Investigation of Current Doubling Reactions at SiC/Aqueous Electrolyte Junction in Relation to the Band Energetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.198800362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lianos P. Production of electricity and hydrogen by photocatalytic degradation of organic wastes in a photoelectrochemical cell: the concept of the Photofuelcell: a review of a re-emerging research field. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 185:575-590. [PMID: 21111532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present review aims to give to a researcher who has no experience with Photofuelcells all necessary basic knowledge to join the field without much trouble and to give to an experienced researcher a handy manual of reference. The author has dealt with the principal matters related with the design of a photoelectrochemical cell and the factors that affect efficient production of electricity by photocatalytic degradation of (principally) organic and (secondarily) inorganic waste materials. A large portion of the paper is devoted to the review of materials used for making a photoanode since most of the accomplished research is on this exact matter. The paper also briefly reviews the materials used to make the rest of the components of the cell as well as the models of cell efficiency and photodegradation procedures during cell operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Lianos
- Engineering Science Deptartment, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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Kim D, Yang Y, Kim H, Berger A, Knez M, Gösele U, Schmidt V. Herstellung von Metalloxid-Nanoröhren in neutraler wässriger Lösung mithilfe des photokatalytischen Effektes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kim D, Yang Y, Kim H, Berger A, Knez M, Gösele U, Schmidt V. Formation of Metal Oxide Nanotubes in Neutral Aqueous Solution Based on a Photocatalytic Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 49:210-2. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ohno T, Izumi S, Fujihara K, Masaki Y, Matsumura M. Vanishing of Current-Doubling Effect in Photooxidation of 2-Propanol on TiO2 in Solutions Containing Fe(III) Ions. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993184g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruhisa Ohno
- Research Center for Photoenergetics of Organic Materials, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shinobu Izumi
- Research Center for Photoenergetics of Organic Materials, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kan Fujihara
- Research Center for Photoenergetics of Organic Materials, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yuji Masaki
- Research Center for Photoenergetics of Organic Materials, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Michio Matsumura
- Research Center for Photoenergetics of Organic Materials, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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Maeda Y, Koshi K, Kato T. Evaluation of quantum efficiency of the photoanodic reaction on titanium dioxide in aqueous solutions containing hydroxy acid salts by a photothermal method. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(96)04921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Photoinduced charge transfer processes at semiconductor electrodes and particles. ELECTRON TRANSFER I 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-57565-0_75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Minoura H, Katoh Y, Sugiura T, Ueno Y, Matsui M, Shibata K. Photoelectrochemical analyses of photocatalytic reactions of azobenzene on TiO2 powder. Chem Phys Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(90)80082-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kikuchi E, Itoh K, Katoh T, Fujishima A. Mechanism of Stabilization of ZnO Photoanodes in High pH Solutions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1989. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.62.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yamagata S, Nakabayashi S, Sancier KM, Fujishima A. Photocatalytic Oxidation of Alcohols on TiO2. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1988. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.61.3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ohno M, Uzawa H, Miyazaki T, Tarama K. The Mechanism of the Photocatalytic Dehydrogenation of Methanol. CHEM LETT 1987. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1987.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Itoh K, Baba R, Fujishima A. Application of a pulsed laser-induced photopotential technique to the current doubling process on polycrystalline oxide semiconductor electrodes. Chem Phys Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(87)85203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Baba R, Konda R, Fujishima A, Honda K. Photoelectrochemical Deposition of Metals on TiO2Powders in the Presence of Alcohols. CHEM LETT 1986. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1986.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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