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Thorsheim K, Siegbahn A, Johnsson RE, Stålbrand H, Manner S, Widmalm G, Ellervik U. Chemistry of xylopyranosides. Carbohydr Res 2015; 418:65-88. [PMID: 26580709 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Xylose is one of the few monosaccharidic building blocks that are used by mammalian cells. In comparison with other monosaccharides, xylose is rather unusual and, so far, only found in two different mammalian structures, i.e. in the Notch receptor and as the linker between protein and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains in proteoglycans. Interestingly, simple soluble xylopyranosides can not only initiate the biosynthesis of soluble GAG chains but also function as inhibitors of important enzymes in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans. Furthermore, xylose is a major constituent of hemicellulosic xylans and thus one of the most abundant carbohydrates on Earth. Altogether, this has spurred a strong interest in xylose chemistry. The scope of this review is to describe synthesis of xylopyranosyl donors, as well as protective group chemistry, modifications, and conformational analysis of xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Thorsheim
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Siegbahn
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard E Johnsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Stålbrand
- Centre for Molecular Protein Science, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sophie Manner
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ellervik
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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2
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Neighbouring Group Participation During Glycosylation: Do 2-Substituted Ethyl Ethers Participate? European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Komarova BS, Orekhova MV, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Is an acyl group at O-3 in glucosyl donors able to control α-stereoselectivity of glycosylation? The role of conformational mobility and the protecting group at O-6. Carbohydr Res 2013; 384:70-86. [PMID: 24368161 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stereodirecting effect of a 3-O-acetyl protecting group, which is potentially capable of the remote anchimeric participation, and other protecting groups in 2-O-benzyl glucosyl donors with flexible and rigid conformations has been investigated. To this aim, an array of N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidoyl and sulfoxide donors bearing either 3-O-acetyl or 3-O-benzyl groups in combination with 4,6-di-O-benzyl, 6-O-acyl-4-O-benzyl, or 4,6-O-benzylidene protecting groups was prepared. The conformationally flexible 3-O-acetylated glucosyl donor protected at other positions with O-benzyl groups demonstrated very low or no α-stereoselectivity upon glycosylation of primary or secondary acceptors. On the contrary, 3,6-di-O-acylated glucosyl donors proved to be highly α-stereoselective as well as the donor having a single potentially participating acetyl group at O-6. The 3,6-di-O-acylated donor was shown to be the best α-glucosylating block for the primary acceptor, whereas the best α-selectivity of glycosylation of the secondary acceptor was achieved with the 6-O-acylated donor. Glycosylation of the secondary acceptor with the conformationally constrained 3-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-protected donor displayed under standard conditions (-35°C) even lower α-selectivity as compared to the 3-O-benzyl analogue. However, increasing the reaction temperature essentially raised the α-stereoselectivities of glycosylation with both 3-O-acetyl and 3-O-benzyl donors and made them almost equal. The stereodirecting effects of protecting groups observed for N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidoyl donors were also generally proven for sulfoxide donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena S Komarova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V Orekhova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury E Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Pedersen CM, Figueroa‐Perez I, Boruwa J, Lindner B, Ulmer AJ, Zähringer U, Schmidt RR. Synthesis of the Core Structure of the Lipoteichoic Acid ofStreptococcus pneumoniae. Chemistry 2010; 16:12627-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Marcus Pedersen
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 725, 78457 Konstanz (Germany), Fax: (+49) 7531‐883135
| | - Ignacio Figueroa‐Perez
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 725, 78457 Konstanz (Germany), Fax: (+49) 7531‐883135
| | - Joshodeep Boruwa
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 725, 78457 Konstanz (Germany), Fax: (+49) 7531‐883135
| | - Buko Lindner
- Leibniz‐Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Parkallee 1‐40, 23845 Borstel (Germany)
| | - Artur J. Ulmer
- Leibniz‐Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Parkallee 1‐40, 23845 Borstel (Germany)
| | - Ulrich Zähringer
- Leibniz‐Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Parkallee 1‐40, 23845 Borstel (Germany)
| | - Richard R. Schmidt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 725, 78457 Konstanz (Germany), Fax: (+49) 7531‐883135
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In vivo protection provided by a synthetic new alpha-galactosyl ceramide analog against bacterial and viral infections in murine models. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:4129-36. [PMID: 20660669 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00368-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer) has been known to bind to the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and activate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, which subsequently secrete T-helper-cell 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines, which correlate with anti-infection activity and the prevention of autoimmune diseases, respectively. α-GalCer elicits the secretion of these two cytokines nonselectively, and thus, its effectiveness is limited by the opposing effects of the Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Reported here is the synthesis of a new α-GalCer analog (compound C34), based on the structure of CD1d, with a 4-(4-fluorophenoxy) phenyl undecanoyl modification of the N-acyl moiety of α-GalCer. Using several murine bacterial and viral infection models, we demonstrated that C34 has superior antibacterial and antiviral activities in comparison with those of several other Th1-selective glycolipids and that it is most effective by administering it to mice in a prophylactic manner before or shortly after infection.
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Tashiro T, Nakagawa R, Inoue S, Shiozaki M, Watarai H, Taniguchi M, Mori K. RCAI-61, the 6′-O-methylated analog of KRN7000: its synthesis and potent bioactivity for mouse lymphocytes to produce interferon-γ in vivo. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tatsuta K, Hosokawa S. Total Synthesis of Selected Bioactive Natural Products: Illustration of Strategy and Design. Chem Rev 2005; 105:4707-29. [PMID: 16351059 DOI: 10.1021/cr040630+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Tatsuta
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Dehydrative glycosidation reactions reported by the authors' group are reviewed. The authors' efforts were concentrated on developing reagent systems usable for one-stage-one-pot glycosidation. Such systems could simplify the glycosidation step using 1-OH sugar derivatives, since any preactivation stage for the hemiacetal OH group could be omitted. The systems, utilizing the dehydration potential of sulfonyl chloride, such as the p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride-silver trifluoromethanesulfonate-triethylamine system as well as the p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride-silver trifluoromethanesulfonate-N,N-dimethylacetamide-triethylamine system, were useful for the syntheses of many kinds of oligosaccharides. As a system free from any metals, the authors developed the trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate-pyridine (TP) system. During the study of the system containing cobalt (II) bromide, the authors found that the bromide converts 1-OH sugar into the corresponding 1-Br derivative, which is then activated with the cobalt salt to undergo glycosidation with alcohol. To prepare partially benzylated sugar derivatives used as acceptors in the authors' studies, controlled benzylation and forced tritylation were carried out. Short syntheses of a variety of useful sugar derivatives using such convenient procedures are described. As a novel protecting group for the hemiacetal OH group, the authors used the 2-methoxyethyl group. Many kinds of trehalose-type disaccarides we prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinkiti Koto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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Hirooka M, Yoshimura A, Saito I, Ikawa F, Uemoto Y, Koto S, Takabatake A, Taniguchi A, Shinoda Y, Morinaga A. Glycosylation Using Hemiacetal Sugar Derivatives: Synthesis ofO-α-D-Rhamnosyl-(1→3)-O-α-D-rhamnosyl-(1→2)-d-rhamnose andO-α-D-Tyvelosyl-(1→3)-O-α-D-mannosyl-(1→4)-L-rhamnose. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2003. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.76.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Asami Y, Ogura T, Otake N, Nishimura T, Xinsheng Y, Sakurai T, Nagasawa H, Sakuda S, Tatsuta K. Isolation and synthesis of a new bioactive ellagic acid derivative from Combretum yunnanensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2003; 66:729-731. [PMID: 12762821 DOI: 10.1021/np030041j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new ellagic acid derivative (1) was isolated from the branches of Combretum yunnanensis, and its structure was assigned as 4-(4' '-O-acetyl-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl)ellagic acid by analysis of its spectral data. Total synthesis of 1 was achieved by the glycosylation of 3,3'-di-O-benzylellagic acid (5) with 4-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-benzyl-l-rhamnose (4) as a key reaction, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined. Compound 1 showed weak inhibitory activity against the growth of various tumor cells and inhibited HIV-1 protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Asami
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan
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Hirooka M, Mori Y, Sasaki A, Koto S, Shinoda Y, Morinaga A. Synthesis ofβ-D-Ribofuranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-L-rhamnopyranose by in situ Activating Glycosylation Using 1-OH Sugar Derivative and Me3SiBr–CoBr2–Bu4NBr–Molecular Sieves 4A System. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Koto S, Hirooka M, Yoshida T, Takenaka K, Asai C, Nagamitsu T, Sakuma H, Sakurai M, Masuzawa S, Komiya M, Sato T, Zen S, Yago K, Tomonaga F. Syntheses of Penta-O-benzyl-myo-inositols,O-β-L-Arabinosyl-(1 → 2)-sn-myo-inositol,O-α-D-Galactosyl-(1 → 3)-sn-myo-inositol, andO-α-D-Galactosyl-(1 → 6)-O-α-D-galactosyl-(1 → 3)-sn-myo-inositol. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.73.2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Koto S, Hirooka M, Yago K, Komiya M, Shimizu T, Kato K, Takehara T, Ikefuji A, Iwasa A, Hagino S, Sekiya M, Nakase Y, Zen S, Tomonaga F, Shimada S. Benzyl Derivatives ofN-2,4-Dinitrophenyl-D-glucosamine and Their Use for Oligosaccharide Synthesis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.73.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Damager I, Olsen CE, Møller BL, Motawia MS. Chemical synthesis of 6"'-alpha-maltotriosyl-maltohexaose as substrate for enzymes in starch biosynthesis and degradation. Carbohydr Res 1999; 320:19-30. [PMID: 10515061 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A branched nonasaccharide 6"'-alpha-maltotriosyl-maltohexaose was synthesised in 40 steps from D-glucose and maltose. Phenyl O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-O- (2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-2,3-di-O-benzyl-1-th io- beta-D-glucopyranoside and O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-O-(2,3,6-tri- O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-alpha, beta-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate were coupled by a general condensation reaction to form the per-O-benzylated branched hexasaccharide phenyl thioglycoside. The phenylthio group of this compound was converted into a trichloroacetimidate, which was coupled with phenyl O-(2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-O-(2,3,6-tri-O- benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-beta-D- glucopyranoside to afford the per-O-benzylated branched nonasaccharide phenyl thioglycoside. Replacement of the phenylthio group with a free OH-group followed by hydrogenolysis gave the desired product. The synthons reported for this synthesis constitute a versatile tool for the chemical synthesis of other complex carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Damager
- Department of Plant Biology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Koto S, Asami K, Hirooka M, Nagura K, Takizawa M, Yamamoto S, Okamoto N, Sato M, Tajima H, Yoshida T, Nonaka N, Sato T, Zen S, Yago K, Tomonaga F. Glycosylation Using 2-Azido-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-D-glucose, -galactose, and -mannose with the Aid ofp-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl Chloride–Silver Trifluoromethanesulfonate–Triethylamine System. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.72.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hirooka M, Koto S. Dehydrative Glycosylation by Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride (DAST)–Tin(II) Trifluoromethanesulfonate–Tetrabutylammonium Perchlorate–Triethylamine System. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1998. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.71.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Koto S, Miura T, Hirooka M, Tomaru A, Iida M, Kanemitsu M, Takenaka K, Masuzawa S, Miyaji S, Kuroyanagi N, Yagishita M, Zen S, Yago K, Tomonaga F. Stereoselective Syntheses ofα-Glucuronides Using Dehydrative Glycosylation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1996. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.69.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Crich D, Sun S, Brunckova J. Chemistry of 1-Alkoxy-1-glycosyl Radicals: The Manno- and Rhamnopyranosyl Series. Inversion of alpha- to beta-Pyranosides and the Fragmentation of Anomeric Radicals. J Org Chem 1996; 61:605-615. [PMID: 11666981 DOI: 10.1021/jo951194h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation and stereoselective quenching of 1-mannopyranosyl radicals by a tributyltin hydride-mediated intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen abstraction sequence is described. A competing process is 1,4-hydrogen atom abstraction leading principally to glucopyran-2-ulosides. Fragmentation of the anomeric radical resulting in the formation of ring opened products is a problem in certain series. The chemistry is dictated to a considerable extent by the nature of the protecting groups employed with the 4,6-benzylidene series and, for rhamnose, the Ley 3,4-dispiroketal, being particularly susceptible to the 1,4-hydrogen atom abstraction but less to the fragmentation. Photochemical conditions are described, in which these side reactions are practically eliminated, and applied to the inversion of an alpha- to a beta-mannoside in a disaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
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Gregory Sowell C, Livesay MT, Johnson DA. New procedure for the preparation of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl and other alkyl β-glycosides. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)02233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Koto S, Haigoh H, Shichi S, Hirooka M, Nakamura T, Maru C, Fujita M, Goto A, Sato T, Okada M, Zen S, Yago K, Tomonaga F. Synthesis of Glucose-Containing Linear Oligosaccharides Havingα(1→4) andα(1→6) Linkages Using Stereoselective Dehydrative Glycosylation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1995. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.68.2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Koto S, Morishima N, Shichi S, Haigoh H, Hirooka M, Okamoto M, Higuchi T, Shimizu K, Hashimoto Y, Irisawa T, Kawasaki H, Takahashi Y, Yamazaki M, Mori Y, Kudo K, Ikegaki T, Suzuki S, Zen S. Dehydrative Glycosylation Using Heptabenzyl Derivatives of Glucobioses and Lactose. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1992. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.65.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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