1
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Kobayashi Y, Sunada Y. Germanium hydrides as an efficient hydrogen-storage material operated by an iron catalyst. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1065-1071. [PMID: 36756342 PMCID: PMC9891375 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of metal hydrides such as NaBH4 as hydrogen-storage materials has recently received substantial research attention on account of the worldwide demand for the development of efficient hydrogen-production, -storage, and -transportation systems. Here, we report the quantitative production of H2 gas from a germanium hydride, Ph2GeH2, mediated by an iron catalyst at room temperature via dehydrogenative coupling, concomitant with the formation of (GePh2)5. Of particular importance is that Ph2GeH2 can be facilely recovered from (GePh2)5 by contact with 1 atm of H2 or PhICl2/LiAlH4 at 0 °C or 40 °C, respectively. A detailed reaction mechanism for the iron-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of Ph2GeH2 is proposed based on the isolation of four intermediate iron species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-kuTokyo 153-8505Japan
| | - Yusuke Sunada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
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2
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Marciniec B, Pietraszuk C, Pawluć P, Maciejewski H. Inorganometallics (Transition Metal-Metalloid Complexes) and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:3996-4090. [PMID: 34967210 PMCID: PMC8832401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the formation and breaking of transition metal (TM)-carbon bonds plays a pivotal role in the catalysis of organic compounds, the reactivity of inorganometallic species, that is, those involving the transition metal (TM)-metalloid (E) bond, is of key importance in most conversions of metalloid derivatives catalyzed by TM complexes. This Review presents the background of inorganometallic catalysis and its development over the last 15 years. The results of mechanistic studies presented in the Review are related to the occurrence of TM-E and TM-H compounds as reactive intermediates in the catalytic transformations of selected metalloids (E = B, Si, Ge, Sn, As, Sb, or Te). The Review illustrates the significance of inorganometallics in catalysis of the following processes: addition of metalloid-hydrogen and metalloid-metalloid bonds to unsaturated compounds; activation and functionalization of C-H bonds and C-X bonds with hydrometalloids and bismetalloids; activation and functionalization of C-H bonds with vinylmetalloids, metalloid halides, and sulfonates; and dehydrocoupling of hydrometalloids. This first Review on inorganometallic catalysis sums up the developments in the catalytic methods for the synthesis of organometalloid compounds and their applications in advanced organic synthesis as a part of tandem reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Marciniec
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Poznań,
Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Cezary Pietraszuk
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Pawluć
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Poznań,
Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hieronim Maciejewski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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3
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Naka A, Yoshima S, Ishikawa M. Platinum-catalyzed reactions of 2,3-bis(dimethylsilyl)pyridine with mono- and di-substituted alkynes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Naka A, Takase S, Ohshita J, Adachi Y, Ishikawa M. Synthesis and optical properties of polymers with bithiophene condensed with disilacyclohexadiene rings and benzothiadiazole. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Reid WB, McAtee JR, Watson DA. Synthesis of Unsaturated Silyl Heterocycles via an Intramolecular Silyl-Heck Reaction. Organometallics 2019; 38:3796-3803. [PMID: 32431470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of unsaturated silacycles via an intramolecular silyl-Heck reaction. Using palladium catalysis, silicon electrophiles tethered to alkenes cyclize to form 5- and 6-membered silicon heterocycles. The effects of alkene substitution and tether length on the efficiency and regioselectivity of the cyclizations are described. Finally, through the use of an intramolecular tether, the first examples of disubstituted alkenes in silyl-Heck reactions are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Reid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jesse R McAtee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Donald A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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6
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Deriabin KV, Lobanovskaia EK, Novikov AS, Islamova RM. Platinum-catalyzed reactions between Si-H groups as a new method for cross-linking of silicones. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5545-5549. [PMID: 31107495 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The platinum-catalyzed self-cross-linking of polymethylhydrosiloxane at RT in air was performed for the first time and proved by 1H, 13C, and 29Si SSNMR and swelling measurements. Quantum chemical modeling of possible structures was investigated. Platinum (0) and (ii) complexes were used as catalysts between the Si-H groups of polymethylhydrosiloxane. Karstedt's catalyst leads to Si-O-Si and Si-Si bond formation, but cis-[PtCl2(BnCN)2] generates predominantly Si-O-Si cross-links. cis-[PtCl2(BnCN)2] allows creating high-quality silicone rubbers without visible mechanical defects. This cross-linking approach can be used to obtain new Si-H-containing silicone materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V Deriabin
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9, Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
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7
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Aoyagi K, Ohmori Y, Inomata K, Matsumoto K, Shimada S, Sato K, Nakajima Y. Synthesis of hydrosilanes via Lewis-base-catalysed reduction of alkoxy silanes with NaBH 4. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5859-5862. [PMID: 31038143 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01961h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrosilanes were synthesized by reduction of alkoxy silanes with BH3 in the presence of hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) as a Lewis-base catalyst. The reaction was also achieved using an inexpensive and easily handled hydride source NaBH4, which reacted with EtBr as a sacrificial reagent to form BH3in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiya Aoyagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yu Ohmori
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Koya Inomata
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Matsumoto
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Shimada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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8
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Tsushima D, Igarashi M, Sato K, Shimada S. Ir-catalyzed Hydrogenolysis Reaction of Silyl Triflates and Halides with H2. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tsushima
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565
| | - Masayasu Igarashi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565
| | - Shigeru Shimada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565
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9
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Tanabe M, Iwase S, Osakada K. Nickel(0)-Catalyzed Polycondensation of Silafluorene: Control over Molecular Weight and Polymer Growth Mechanism. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tanabe
- Laboratory for Chemistry
and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Iwase
- Laboratory for Chemistry
and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry
and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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10
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Hao J, Vabre B, Zargarian D. Reactions of Phenylhydrosilanes with Pincer–Nickel Complexes: Evidence for New Si–O and Si–C Bond Formation Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15287-98. [PMID: 26562478 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjun Hao
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Boris Vabre
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Davit Zargarian
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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11
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Asaeda T, Lee JY, Watanabe K, Minato M. Reactions of Molybdenum Hydrides with Organochlorosilanes: Silicon–Silicon Bond Formation under Mild Conditions. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Asaeda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University
| | - Joo Yeon Lee
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University
| | - Kyosuke Watanabe
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University
| | - Makoto Minato
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University
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12
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13
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Gu G, Luo H, Sun H. A New Approach to Directly Synthesize (η5-C5H4R)Fe(CO)2SiR′3 by Reaction of Cyclopentadienes with Pentacarbonyliron and Hydrosilanes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500066y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangna Gu
- Department
of Chemistry and the Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science
and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiou Luo
- Department
of Chemistry and the Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science
and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huailin Sun
- Department
of Chemistry and the Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science
and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Li YH, Huang ZF, Li XA, Lai WY, Wang LH, Ye SH, Cui LF, Wang S. Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel bis(silyl) platinum(II) complex bearing SiH3 ligand. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Tanabe M, Takahashi A, Fukuta T, Osakada K. Nickel-Catalyzed Cyclopolymerization of Hexyl- and Phenylsilanes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301052f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tanabe
- Chemical Resources
Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Chemical Resources
Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fukuta
- Chemical Resources
Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Chemical Resources
Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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16
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Tanabe M, Jiang J, Yamazawa H, Osakada K, Ohmura T, Suginome M. Dinuclear Palladium and Platinum Complexes with Bridging Silylene Ligands. Preparation Using (Aminosilyl)boronic Ester as the Ligand Precursor and Their Reactions with Alkynes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tanabe
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Jian Jiang
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hideto Yamazawa
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Ohmura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Michinori Suginome
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tanabe
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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18
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Li YH, Zhang Y, Shimada S. Reaction of 1-(dimethylsilyl)-2-silylbenzene with platinum(0) phosphine complex: Isolation and characterization of the Si3–PtIV–H complex. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Beckhams R. Reaktivitätsprinzipien von Metallocenderivaten früher Übergangsmetalle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/nadc.19980460608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Kumar M, Metta-Magana AJ, Sharma HK, Pannell KH. Phosphine induced migratory CO insertion into the Fe–CH2 bond of the organometallic polymer -[(η5-C5H4)Fe(CO)2CH2SiMe2]n- and characterization of model iron complexes. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:7125-31. [DOI: 10.1039/b925936h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Braddock-Wilking J, Bandrowsky T, Praingam N, Rath NP. Sila- and Germaplatinacycles Produced from a Stepwise E−E Bond Forming Reaction. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900201y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Braddock-Wilking
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri−St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - Teresa Bandrowsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri−St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - Ngamjit Praingam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri−St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri−St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
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22
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Itazaki M, Ueda K, Nakazawa H. Iron-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of Tertiary Silanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3313-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Itazaki M, Ueda K, Nakazawa H. Iron-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of Tertiary Silanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Tanabe M, Ishikawa N, Hanzawa M, Osakada K. Mono- and Dinuclear Germapalladacycles Obtained via the Ge−Ge Bond Forming Reactions Promoted by Palladium Complexes. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8004349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tanabe
- Chemical Resources Laboratory (R1-3), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Naoko Ishikawa
- Chemical Resources Laboratory (R1-3), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaya Hanzawa
- Chemical Resources Laboratory (R1-3), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Chemical Resources Laboratory (R1-3), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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25
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Mochida K, Masukawa Y, Yamada A, Yanaga M, Nanjo M, Arii H, Gohdo M, Wakasa M. Studies of Germanium–Platinum Bonds in Bis(aryl-substituted Germyl)platinum Complexes by Laser Flash Photolysis and Chemical Trapping Experiments. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Mochida K, Fukushima T, Suzuki M, Hatanaka W, Takayama M, Usui Y, Nanjo M, Akasaka K, Kudo T, Komiya S. Thermal reactivity of cis- and trans-bis(triphenylgermyl)bis(tertiary phosphine)platinum(II). J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Shimada S, Tanaka M. Group 10 transition-metal complexes with metal–silicon bonds derived from 1,2-disilylbenzenes and bis(2-silylphenyl)silane. Coord Chem Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Beletskaya I, Moberg C. Element−Element Additions to Unsaturated Carbon−Carbon Bonds Catalyzed by Transition Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2006; 106:2320-54. [PMID: 16771452 DOI: 10.1021/cr050530j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Beletskaya
- Laboratory of Organoelement Compounds, Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Moscow, SU-119899 Russia.
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29
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Hirotsu M, Nunokawa T, Ueno K. Synthesis and Reactivity of a Donor-Free (Silyl)(silylene)molybdenum Complex: Novel Insertion Reaction of an Isocyanide into a Si−C Bond. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hirotsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan, and Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nunokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan, and Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Keiji Ueno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan, and Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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30
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Deeken S, Proch S, Casini E, Braun HF, Mechtler C, Marschner C, Motz G, Kempe R. Group 10 Metal Aminopyridinato Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Application as Aryl-Cl Activation and Hydrosilane Polymerization Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:1871-9. [PMID: 16472005 DOI: 10.1021/ic0518273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(4-Methyl-pyridin-2-yl)(trimethylsilanyl)amine (ApSi-H) and tert-butyl(4-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)amine (AptBu-H) were synthesized via salt metathesis and aryl amination reactions, respectively. Lithiation of these two aminopyridines using n-BuLi and the reactions with [(dme)NiCl2] (dme = dimethoxyethane) or [(cod)PdCl2] (cod = cyclooctadiene) in THF at low temperature gave rise--after workup in hexane--to group 10 amido compounds, [(ApSi)4Ni2], [(AptBu)2Pd], [(AptBu-H)(AptBu)2Ni], [(AptBu)3(C2H5O)3Ni3OLi(thf)], and [(AptBu)2Ni(tBupy)2] (tBupy = 4-tert-butylpyridine). The aminopyridinato complexes were characterized by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The highly strained binding situation of the aminopyridinato ligands suggested that these compounds might be efficiently converted into catalytically active species. The applications of some of the synthesized complexes as Suzuki cross-coupling catalysts (activation of aryl chlorides) are described and [(ApSi)4Ni2] is a rare example of a "phosphine-free" catalyst system. A number of late transition metal complexes were found to successfully catalyze polymerization of MeH2SiSiH2Me toward soluble, linear poly(methylsilane). Remarkable activity was observed for [(ApSi)2Pd].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Deeken
- Lehrstuhl Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, Germany
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31
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Begum R, Komuro T, Tobita H. Group 6 metal complexes with a hemilabile tridentate xantsil ligand and facile insertion of tBuCN into a W–Si bond [xantsil = (9,9-dimethylxanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(dimethylsilyl)]. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:432-3. [PMID: 16493826 DOI: 10.1039/b512759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of tungsten and molybdenum complexes of the xanthene-based bis(silyl) ligand (xantsil) with a kappa3(Si,Si,O) coordination mode are reported, where an insertion of tBuCN into a tungsten-silicon bond leads to formation of an eta2-iminoacyl complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rockshana Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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32
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Goikhman R, Milstein D. Reactivity of Rhodium-Triflate Complexes with Diphenylsilane: Evidence for Silylene Intermediacy in Stoichiometric and Catalytic Reactions. Chemistry 2005; 11:2983-8. [PMID: 15761852 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Addition of Ph2SiH2 to [Rh(iPr3P)2(OTf)] (1) yielded the thermally unstable RhIII adduct [Rh(iPr3P)2(OTf)(H)(SiPh2H)] (2), which decomposed to [Rh(iPr3P)2(H)2(OTf)] (3), liberating (unobserved) silylene. The silylene was trapped by 1, resulting in the RhI-silyl complex [Rh(iPr3P)2(SiPh2OTf)]. Complex 3 was converted to 2 by addition of diphenylsilane, providing a basis for a possible catalytic cycle. The last reaction did not involve a RhI intermediate, as shown by a labeling study. Complex 1 catalyzed the dehydrogenative coupling of Ph2SiH2 to Ph2HSi--SiHPh2. A mechanism involving a silylene intermediate in this catalytic cycle is proposed. The mechanism is supported by complete lack of catalysis in the case of the tertiary silanes Ph2MeSiH and PhMe2SiH, and by a study of individual steps of the catalytic cycle. The outcome of the reaction of Ph2SiH2 with styrene in the presence of 1 depends on the complex/substrate ratio; under stoichiometric conditions olefin hydrogenation prevailed over hydrosilylation, whereas with excess of substrates hydrosilylation prevailed. Catalytic hydrosilylation resulted in double addition giving Ph2Si(CH2CH2Ph)2. Mechanistic aspects of the reported processes are discussed, and a new hydrosilylation mechanism based on silylene intermediacy is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Goikhman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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33
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Glaser PB, Tilley TD. Synthesis and Reactivity of Silyl and Silylene Ligands in the Coordination Sphere of the 14-Electron Fragment Cp*(iPr3P)Os+. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om040062o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Glaser
- Department of Chemistry and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNDOS), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNDOS), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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34
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Wada K, Yamasaki T, Kondo T, Mitsudo TA. Synthesis of Novel Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Cages via Cobalt-catalyzed Cyclotrimerization of Dimethylethynylsilyl Groups on a Silsesquioxane. CHEM LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2004.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Glaser PB, Wanandi PW, Tilley TD. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Osmium Silyl and Silylene Complexes Cp*(Me3P)2OsSiR2X and [Cp*(Me3P)2OsSiR2][B(C6F5)4] (R = Me, iPr; X = Cl, OTf). Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om0341808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Glaser
- Department of Chemistry and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNDOS), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Paulus W. Wanandi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNDOS), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNDOS), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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36
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COREY JOYCEY. Dehydrocoupling of Hydrosilanes to Polysilanes and Silicon Oligomers: A 30 Year Overview. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(03)51001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Vögler M, Pavel I, Hofmann M, Moigno D, Nieger M, Kiefer W, Malisch W. Silylene-bridged dinuclear iron complexes [Cp(OC)2Fe]2SiX2 (X = H, F, Cl, Br, I). Synthesis, molecular structure, vibrational spectroscopy, and theoretical studies. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:3274-84. [PMID: 12739969 DOI: 10.1021/ic026138v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mu2-silylene-bridged iron complexes [Cp(OC)(2)Fe](2)SiX(2) (X = F (2), Br (4), I (5)) have been prepared from the mu2-SiH(2) functional precursor [Cp(OC)(2)Fe](2)SiH(2) (1) by hydrogen/halogen exchange, using HBF(4), CBr(4), and CH(2)I(2), respectively. The fluoro- and bromo-substituted derivatives 2 and 4 are converted upon UV irradiation to the carbonyl- and dihalosilylene-bridged dinuclear complexes [Cp(OC)Fe](2) (mu2-CO)(mu2-SiX(2)) (X = F (6), Br (7)) via CO elimination. All new compounds have been characterized spectroscopically, and, in addition, the molecular structure of 2, 4, and the previously reported chloro derivative [Cp(OC)(2)Fe](2)SiCl(2) (3) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. For 1-5, the Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra have been recorded and discussed, together with density functional theory calculations, which support the experimental results of the structural and vibrational analysis. The computed geometries, harmonic vibrational wavenumbers, and their corresponding Raman scattering activities are in good agreement with the experimental data. A significant dependence of the CO and Fe-Si stretching modes on the X substituents of the mu2-silylene bridge has been observed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Vögler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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38
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Mochida K, Hirakue K, Suzuki K. Palladium-Catalyzed Addition of Tetragermetanes to Alkynes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2003. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.76.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Malisch W, Vögler M, Schumacher D, Nieger M. Hydroxysilylene-Bridged Dinuclear Iron Complexes [Cp(OC)2Fe]2Si(X)OH (X = H, Cl, OH): Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Condensation with Chlorodimethylsilane. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om020193u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Malisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Vögler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Schumacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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40
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Synthesis, functionalization, and cross-linking reactions of organosilicon polymers using silyl triflate intermediates. Prog Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6700(01)00052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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M2E2 four-member ring structure, M2(μ-EH2)2(P2)2 (M=Pd or Pt; E=Si or Ge; P2=(PH3)2 or H2PCH2CH2PH2) versus μ-disilene and μ-digermene-bridged structures, M2(μ-E2H4)(P2)2. A theoretical study. J Organomet Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(01)01152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Braddock-Wilking J, Levchinsky Y, Rath NP. Synthesis, Characterization, and X-ray Structural Analysis of Diplatinum Complexes Containing Bridging μ-SiHAr Ligands, {(PhnMe3-nP)2Pt[μ-SiHAr]}2 [n = 0−2; Ar = 2-isopropyl-6-methyl(phenyl)]. Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om000638j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Braddock-Wilking
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriSt. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - Y. Levchinsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriSt. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - N. P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriSt. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
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43
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Shimada S, Rao MLN, Hayashi T, Tanaka M. Isolation of Dinuclear (μ-Silylene)(silyl)nickel Complexes and Si−Si Bond Formation on a Dinuclear Nickel Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010105)113:1<219::aid-ange219>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Shimada S, Rao MLN, Hayashi T, Tanaka M. Isolation of Dinuclear (μ-Silylene)(silyl)nickel Complexes and Si−Si Bond Formation on a Dinuclear Nickel Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:213-216. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010105)40:1<213::aid-anie213>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2000] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Mochida K, Wada T, Suzuki K, Hatanaka W, Nishiyama Y, Nanjo M, Sekine A, Ohashi Y, Sakamoto M, Yamamoto A. Platinum-Catalyzed Bis-Germylation of Alkynes with Organodigermanes and Cyclic Oligogermanes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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46
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Delpech F, Mansas J, Leuser H, Sabo-Etienne S, Chaudret B. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Silylation of Ethylene by Disilanes. Organometallics 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/om000677v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Delpech
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Joël Mansas
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Helena Leuser
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Sylviane Sabo-Etienne
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Bruno Chaudret
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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47
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Braddock-Wilking J, Levchinsky Y, Rath NP. Synthesis and Characterization of Diplatinum Complexes Containing Bridging μ-η2-H−SiHAr Ligands. X-ray Crystal Structure Determination of {(Ph3P)Pt[μ-η2-H−SiHAr]}2 (Ar = 2,4,6-(CF3)3C6H2, C6Ph5). Organometallics 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/om000602r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Braddock-Wilking
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriSt. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - Y. Levchinsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriSt. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - N. P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriSt. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
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48
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Sakaba H, Tsukamoto M, Hirata T, Kabuto C, Horino H. Synthesis, Structure, and Silylene Exchange Reaction of Base-Stabilized Hydrido(silylene)tungsten Complexes and Rearrangement of Hydrosilyl(pyridine)tungsten Complexes to the Base-Stabilized Hydrido(silylene) Complexes via 1,2-Hydrogen Migration. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja993279w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sakaba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsukamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Chizuko Kabuto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Horino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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49
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A 3,4-benzo-1,2-germacyclobut-3-ene and related compounds. Palladium-catalyzed σ-metathesis, dehydrogenative coupling and hydrogermylation of the GeGe σ-bond. J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Synthesis and structures of bis(silylene)iron complexes containing new six-membered chelate rings. J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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