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Numerical Analysis of Solute–Solvent Coupling Magnitude in the Thermally Backward Ring Closing Reaction of Spirooxazines. J SOLUTION CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-020-00986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Akisaka R, Ohga Y, Abe M. Dynamic solvent effects in radical-radical coupling reactions: an almost bottleable localised singlet diradical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27949-27954. [PMID: 33184617 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05235c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Localised singlet diradicals are key intermediates in bond homolysis, which plays a crucial role in chemical reactions. However, thorough experimental analyses of the reaction dynamics and chemical properties are generally difficult because bond formation is rapid, even under low-temperature matrix conditions. In this study, the effects of solvent and pressure on the lifetimes of long-lived singlet diradicals with bulky substituents were investigated. The solvent dynamic effect was revealed to provide control over the rate constant of radical-radical coupling reactions, and an almost bottleable singlet diradical with a lifetime of ∼2 s at 293 K was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuo Akisaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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Computational Analysis of Solute–Solvent Coupling Magnitude in the Z/E Isomerization Reaction of Nitroazobenzene and Benzylideneanilines. J SOLUTION CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-018-0711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Shigemitsu Y, Ohga Y. Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Study of Z/E Isomerization of Azobenzene: Kramers’ Theory Validation. J SOLUTION CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-014-0237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Gulam RM, Takahashi T, Ohga Y. Dynamic solvent effects on the thermal isomerization of zinc dithizonate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:5170-4. [PMID: 19562150 DOI: 10.1039/b900706g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pressure dependence of the rate constant for the thermal isomerization of zinc dithizonate was measured at various temperatures in highly viscous solvents, i.e., glycerol triacetate and 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2-methylpentane, as well as in their chemically similar nonviscous solvents, such as methyl acetate and methylcyclohexane. In the nonviscous solvents, the reaction was slightly retarded upon external pressure suggesting the validity of the transition state theory. On the other hand, in the viscous solvents, the reaction, even at ambient pressure, was strongly retarded by an increase in external pressure suggesting the slow thermal fluctuation of the solvent molecules upon external pressure in highly viscous systems. This made it possible to observe the dynamic solvent effects on the isomerization of zinc dithizonate in viscous solvents. The viscosity dependence of the rate constants was rationalized by the two-dimensional reaction coordinate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabbani M Gulam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Oita University, Dannoharu, Japan
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6
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Solvent-Fluctuation Control of Solution Reactions and its Manifestation in Protein Functions. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141663.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Iwamoto S, Yoshioka D, Sueishi Y. Distinctive pressure effects on partitioning and rotational motions of nitroxide spin probes in dispersions of a triglyceride membrane. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Baba K, Ono H, Itoh E, Itoh S, Noda K, Usui T, Ishihara K, Inamo M, Takagi HD, Asano T. Kinetic Study of ThermalZ toE Isomerization Reactions of Azobenzene and 4-Dimethylamino-4′-nitroazobenzene in Ionic Liquids [1-R-3-Methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with R=Butyl, Pentyl, and Hexyl]. Chemistry 2006; 12:5328-33. [PMID: 16622884 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Thermal Z to E isomerization reactions of azobenzene and 4-dimethylamino-4'-nitroazobenzene were examined in three ionic liquids of general formula 1-R-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (R = butyl, pentyl, and hexyl). The first-order rate constants and activation energies for the reactions of azobenzene measured in these ionic liquids were consistent with those measured in ordinary organic solvents, which indicated that the slow isomerization through the inversion mechanism with a nonpolar transition state was little influenced by the solvent properties, such as the viscosity and dielectric constant, of ionic liquids. On the other hand, the rate constants and the corresponding frequency factors of the Arrhenius plot were significantly reduced for the isomerization of 4-dimethylamino-4'-nitroazobenzene in ionic liquids compared with those for the isomerization in ordinary organic molecular solvents with similar dielectric properties. Although these ionic liquids are viscous, the apparent viscosity dependence of the rate constant could not be explained either by the Kramers-Grote-Hynes model or by the Agmon-Hopfield model for solution reactions. It is proposed that the positive and the negative charge centers of a highly polar rotational transition state are stabilized by the surrounding anions and cations, respectively, and that the ions must be rearranged so as to form highly ordered solvation shells around the charge centers of the reactant in the transition state. This requirement for the orderly solvation in the transition state results in unusually small frequency factors of 10(4)-10(7) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Baba
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Sugita K, Goto Y, Ono M, Yamashita K, Hayase K, Takahashi T, Ohga Y, Asano T. A New Application of High-Viscosity Kinetics. An Attempt to Identify a Site of Solvent Reorganizations around a Reactant. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.77.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Azo- and quinone-conjugated redox complexes—photo- and proton-coupled intramolecular reactions based on d–π interaction. Coord Chem Rev 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(01)00421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Yutaka T, Mori I, Kurihara M, Mizutani J, Kubo K, Furusho S, Matsumura K, Tamai N, Nishihara H. Synthesis, characterization, and photochemical properties of azobenzene-conjugated Ru(II) and Rh(III) bis(terpyridine) complexes. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:4986-95. [PMID: 11531448 DOI: 10.1021/ic010351u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized azobenzene-conjugated bis(terpyridine) Ru(II) and Rh(III) mononuclear and dinuclear complexes and investigated their photochemical properties on excitation of the azo pi-pi band upon 366 nm light irradiation. The Ru mononuclear complex underwent trans-to-cis photoisomerization to reach the photostationary state with only 20% of the cis form, while the Ru dinuclear complex did not isomerize at all photochemically. On the other hand, the mononuclear and dinuclear Rh complexes showed almost complete trans-to-cis photoisomerization behavior. Cis forms of the Rh complexes thermally returned to the trans form at a much slower rate than those of organic azobenzenes, but they did not isomerize photochemically. The reduction potential of the cis forms was 80 mV more negative than that of the trans forms. The photoisomerization quantum yields of the Rh complexes were strongly dependent on the polarity, viscosity, and donor site of the solvents as well as the size of the counterions. We investigated the photoisomerization process of these complexes using femtosecond absorption spectroscopy. For the Rh complexes, we observed S(n) <-- S(2) and S(n) <-- S(1) absorption bands similar to those of organic azobenzenes. For the Ru complexes, we observed very fast bleaching of the MLCT band of the Ru complex, which indicated that the energy transfer pathway to the MLCT was the primary cause of the depressed photoisomerization. The electronic structures, which were estimated from ZINDO molecular orbital calculation, supported the different photochemical reaction behavior between the Ru and Rh complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yutaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. le Noble
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Asano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
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Sumi H. Solvent fluctuations and viscosity-dependent rates of solution reactions in a regime indescribable by the transition state theory. J Mol Liq 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7322(01)00121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Kim JC, Ohga Y, Asano T, Weinberg NN, George AV. Pressure and Viscosity Effects on Thermal Geometrical Isomerization of Oxacarbocyanine Cations. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Biswas N, Umapathy S. Structures, Vibrational Frequencies, and Normal Modes of Substituted Azo Dyes: Infrared, Raman, and Density Functional Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9929263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Biswas
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Siva Umapathy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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Asano T, Takagi HD, Usui T. Comment on “Supercritical Fluid Tuning of Reactions Rates: the Cis−Trans Isomerization of 4-4‘-Disubstituted Azobenzenes”. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984161p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Asano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita 870-1192, Japan and, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideo D. Takagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita 870-1192, Japan and, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Toshinori Usui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita 870-1192, Japan and, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Kim JC, Ohga Y, Asano T. The First Unequivocal Observation of Dynamic Solvent Effects in the Thermal Geometrical Isomerization of 3,3′-Diethyloxadicarbocyanine Iodide (DODCI). CHEM LETT 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1999.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Usui T, Funahashi S, Takagi HD, Asano T. Investigations of the Thermal Inversion Rates of Azobenzenes in Supercritical and Gaseous CO2: A Shift from the Energy-Transfer-Limited to the TST-Valid Region at Low Densities. CHEM LETT 1998. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1998.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Drljaca A, Hubbard CD, van Eldik R, Asano T, Basilevsky MV, le Noble WJ. Activation and Reaction Volumes in Solution. 3. Chem Rev 1998; 98:2167-2290. [PMID: 11848963 DOI: 10.1021/cr970461b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Drljaca
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Institute for Fundamental Research of Organic Chemistry, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan, Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, 10, Vorontsovo Pole, 103064 Moscow, Russia, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400
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Dillow AK, Brown JS, Liotta CL, Eckert CA. Supercritical Fluid Tuning of Reactions Rates: the Cis−Trans Isomerization of 4-4‘-Disubstituted Azobenzenes. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp981634j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela K. Dillow
- Schools of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
| | - James S. Brown
- Schools of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Charles L. Liotta
- Schools of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Charles A. Eckert
- Schools of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
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Asano T, Sumi H. An experimental examination of Biswas–Bagchi's prediction on the viscosity dependence of the rate of activated barrier surmounting in viscous liquids. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Biswas N, Umapathy S. Density Functional Calculations of Structures, Vibrational Frequencies, and Normal Modes of trans- and cis-Azobenzene. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp970312x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Biswas
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Siva Umapathy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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Asano T, Matsuo K, Sumi H. Effects of Solvent Fluctuations on the Rate of the ThermalZ/EIsomerization ofN-Benzylideneanilines in a Highly Viscous Liquid Hydrocarbon. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1997. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.70.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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General expression for rates of solution reactions influenced by slow solvent fluctuations, and its experimental evidence. Electrochim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(97)00080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Condition for fractional-power viscosity dependence of the average rate constant of solution reactions influenced by slow solvent fluctuations. Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(96)00168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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