1
|
Kameda Y, Maeda S, Amo Y, Usuki T, Ikeda K, Otomo T. Neutron Diffraction Study on the Structure of Hydrated Li+ in Dilute Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1695-1701. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kameda
- Department
of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Shunya Maeda
- Department
of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Yuko Amo
- Department
of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Takeshi Usuki
- Department
of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Institute
of Material Structure Science, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-080, Japan
| | - Toshiya Otomo
- Institute
of Material Structure Science, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-080, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maeda S, Kameda Y, Amo Y, Usuki T, Ikeda K, Otomo T, Yanagisawa M, Seki S, Arai N, Watanabe H, Umebayashi Y. Local Structure of Li+ in Concentrated Ethylene Carbonate Solutions Studied by Low-Frequency Raman Scattering and Neutron Diffraction with 6Li/7Li Isotopic Substitution Methods. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:10979-10987. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Maeda
- Department
of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kameda
- Department
of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Yuko Amo
- Department
of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Takeshi Usuki
- Department
of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Institute of Material Structure Science, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Toshiya Otomo
- Institute of Material Structure Science, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Maho Yanagisawa
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Advanced
Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Shiro Seki
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Advanced
Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Nana Arai
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi,
2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City 950-2181, Japan
| | - Hikari Watanabe
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi,
2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umebayashi
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi,
2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City 950-2181, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Borodin O, Suo L, Gobet M, Ren X, Wang F, Faraone A, Peng J, Olguin M, Schroeder M, Ding MS, Gobrogge E, von Wald Cresce A, Munoz S, Dura JA, Greenbaum S, Wang C, Xu K. Liquid Structure with Nano-Heterogeneity Promotes Cationic Transport in Concentrated Electrolytes. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10462-10471. [PMID: 29016112 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations, small-angle neutron scattering, and a variety of spectroscopic techniques, we evaluated the ion solvation and transport behaviors in aqueous electrolytes containing bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. We discovered that, at high salt concentrations (from 10 to 21 mol/kg), a disproportion of cation solvation occurs, leading to a liquid structure of heterogeneous domains with a characteristic length scale of 1 to 2 nm. This unusual nano-heterogeneity effectively decouples cations from the Coulombic traps of anions and provides a 3D percolating lithium-water network, via which 40% of the lithium cations are liberated for fast ion transport even in concentration ranges traditionally considered too viscous. Due to such percolation networks, superconcentrated aqueous electrolytes are characterized by a high lithium-transference number (0.73), which is key to supporting an assortment of battery chemistries at high rate. The in-depth understanding of this transport mechanism establishes guiding principles to the tailored design of future superconcentrated electrolyte systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Borodin
- Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Liumin Suo
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mallory Gobet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Xiaoming Ren
- Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Antonio Faraone
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6100, United States
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Marco Olguin
- Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Marshall Schroeder
- Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Michael S Ding
- Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Eric Gobrogge
- Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Arthur von Wald Cresce
- Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Stephen Munoz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Joseph A Dura
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6100, United States
| | - Steve Greenbaum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamaguchi T, Yoshida K, Yamaguchi T, Kameda Y, Ikeda K, Otomo T. Analysis of Prepeak Structure of Concentrated Organic Lithium Electrolyte by Means of Neutron Diffraction with Isotopic Substitution and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5355-5362. [PMID: 28485592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prepeak structure of a 3 mol/kg solution of LiClO4 in propylene carbonate (PC) was studied by both neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution (NDIS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The NDIS data showed that the intensity of the prepeak decreases experimentally with an increase in the scattering length of the lithium atom from 7Li to 6Li in PC-d6. On the other hand, although the prepeak was observed in solutions of both PC-d6 and PC-h6, it disappears when the 1:1 mixture of PC-d6 and PC-h6 was used as the solvent. The prepeak structure and its variation with the isotope substitution were reproduced well by MD simulation, and they were explained in terms of the contrast of the scattering length densities of the ionic and nonpolar domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University , Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Toshio Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University , Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kameda
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University , 1-4-12, Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata City, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Toshiya Otomo
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kameda Y, Ebina S, Amo Y, Usuki T, Otomo T. Microscopic Structure of Contact Ion Pairs in Concentrated LiCl- and LiClO4-Tetrahydrofuran Solutions Studied by Low-Frequency Isotropic Raman Scattering and Neutron Diffraction with 6Li/7Li Isotopic Substitution Methods. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4668-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kameda
- Department
of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Saki Ebina
- Department
of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Yuko Amo
- Department
of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Takeshi Usuki
- Department
of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Toshiya Otomo
- Institute of Material Structure Science, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kameda Y, Miyazaki T, Otomo T, Amo Y, Usuki T. Neutron Diffraction Study on the Structure of Aqueous LiNO3 Solutions. J SOLUTION CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-014-0223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Bove L, Dreyfus C, Polian A, Bonello B, Malfanti I, Taschin A, Torre R, Pick RM. The low frequency dynamics of supercooled LiBr, 6H2O. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:034514. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3526939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Bove
- IMPMC, Université P. et M. Curie et CNRS-UMR 7590, Paris, France
| | - C. Dreyfus
- IMPMC, Université P. et M. Curie et CNRS-UMR 7590, Paris, France
| | - A. Polian
- IMPMC, Université P. et M. Curie et CNRS-UMR 7590, Paris, France
| | - B. Bonello
- INSP, Université P. et M. Curie et CNRS-UMR 7588, Paris, France
| | - I. Malfanti
- LENS and Dip. di Fisica, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - A. Taschin
- LENS and Dip. di Fisica, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - R. Torre
- LENS and Dip. di Fisica, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - R. M. Pick
- IMPMC, Université P. et M. Curie et CNRS-UMR 7590, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Petit L, Vuilleumier R, Maldivi P, Adamo C. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study of a Highly Concentrated LiCl Aqueous Solution. J Chem Theory Comput 2008; 4:1040-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ct800007v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Petit
- Laboratoire de Reconnaissance Ionique et de Chimie de Coordination, CEA - INAC/LCIB (UMRE 3 CEA-UJF), 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matiere Condensée, UMR7600, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, Tour 24 Boite 121, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France, and Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Analytique, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - R. Vuilleumier
- Laboratoire de Reconnaissance Ionique et de Chimie de Coordination, CEA - INAC/LCIB (UMRE 3 CEA-UJF), 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matiere Condensée, UMR7600, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, Tour 24 Boite 121, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France, and Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Analytique, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - P. Maldivi
- Laboratoire de Reconnaissance Ionique et de Chimie de Coordination, CEA - INAC/LCIB (UMRE 3 CEA-UJF), 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matiere Condensée, UMR7600, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, Tour 24 Boite 121, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France, and Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Analytique, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - C. Adamo
- Laboratoire de Reconnaissance Ionique et de Chimie de Coordination, CEA - INAC/LCIB (UMRE 3 CEA-UJF), 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matiere Condensée, UMR7600, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, Tour 24 Boite 121, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France, and Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Analytique, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kameda Y, Umebayashi Y, Takeuchi M, Wahab MA, Fukuda S, Ishiguro SI, Sasaki M, Amo Y, Usuki T. Solvation Structure of Li+ in Concentrated LiPF6−Propylene Carbonate Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:6104-9. [PMID: 17497919 DOI: 10.1021/jp072597b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Time-of-flight neutron diffraction measurements were carried out for 6Li/7Li isotopically substituted 10 mol % LiPF6-propylene carbonate-d6 (PC-d6) solutions, in order to obtain structural information on the first solvation shell of Li+. Structural parameters concerning the nearest neighbor Li+...PC and Li+...PF6- interactions were determined through least-squares fitting analysis of the observed difference function, DeltaLi(Q). It has been revealed that the first solvation shell of Li+ consists in average of 4.5(1) PC molecules with an intermolecular Li+...O(PC) distance of 2.04(1) A. The angle Li+...O=C bond angle has been determined to be 138(2) degrees.
Collapse
|
10
|
Smirnov PR, Trostin VN. Structure of the nearest surrounding of the Na+ ion in aqueous solutions of its salts. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363207050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
Mason PE, Ansell S, Neilson GW. Neutron diffraction studies of electrolytes in null water: a direct determination of the first hydration zone of ions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2006; 18:8437-8447. [PMID: 21690899 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/37/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A method of neutron diffraction is described which enables the first hydration zone of small cations to be investigated at atomic resolution. It is shown that the cation structures of aqueous electrolyte solutions dissolved in a 'null' mixture of water (H(2)O) and heavy water (D(2)O), can be calculated directly from the neutron scattering patterns. The hitherto unresolved structure around Na(+) is used to illustrate the power of this method, the accuracy of which is discussed formally with reference to standard nickel chloride solutions. Possible applications to a variety of other systems and at different thermodynamic states are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P E Mason
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Smirnov PR, Trostin VN. Structure of the nearest surrounding of the Li+ ion in aqueous solutions of its salts. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363206020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
13
|
Kameda Y, Sasaki M, Amo Y, Usuki T. Structure of Highly Concentrated Aqueous Lithium Alaninate Solutions Studied by Neutron Diffraction with14N/15N,6Li/7Li, and H/D Isotopic Substitution Methods. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.79.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
14
|
Kameda Y, Mochiduki K, Imano M, Naganuma H, Sasaki M, Amo Y, Usuki T. Neutron diffraction study of concentrated aqueous lithium benzoate solutions. J Mol Liq 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2004.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Spångberg D, Hermansson K. Many-body potentials for aqueous Li+, Na+, Mg2+, and Al3+: Comparison of effective three-body potentials and polarizable models. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:4829-43. [PMID: 15267343 DOI: 10.1063/1.1641191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many-body potentials for the aqueous Li(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), and Al(3+) ions have been constructed from ab initio cluster calculations. Pure pair, effective pair, effective three-body, and effective polarizable models were created and used in subsequent molecular dynamics simulations. The structures of the first and second solvation shells were studied using radial distribution functions and angular-radial distribution functions. The effective three-body and polarizable potentials yield similar first-shell structures, while the contraction of the O-O distances between the first and second solvation shells is more pronounced with the polarizable potentials. The definition of the tilt angle of the water molecules around the ions is discussed. When a proper definition is used, it is found that for Li(+), Mg(2+), and Al(3+) the water molecules prefer a trigonal orientation, but for Na(+) a tetrahedral orientation (ion in lone-pair direction) is preferred. The self-diffusion coefficients for the water molecules and the ions were calculated; the ionic values follow the order obtained from experiment, although the simulated absolute values are smaller than experiment for Mg(2+) and Al(3+).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Spångberg
- Materials Chemistry, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, S-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kameda Y, Kudoh N, Suzuki S, Usuki T, Uemura O. Solvation Structure of Lithium Bromide in Concentrated Acetone Solutions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
17
|
Izvekov S, Philpott MR. Ab initiomolecular dynamics simulation of LiBr association in water. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1311965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|