1
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Martinis EM, Montellano A, Sartorel A, Carraro M, Prato M, Bonchio M. Microwave‐Assisted 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides to [60]Fullerene: Thermodynamic Control of Bis‐Addition with Ionic Liquids Additives. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía M. Martinis
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova and ITM-CNR Via Marzolo, 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Faculty of Engineering - National University of Cuyo - National Scientific and Technical Research Council Centro Universitario M5502JMA Mendoza Argentina
| | - Alejandro Montellano
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste Via Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova and ITM-CNR Via Marzolo, 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Mauro Carraro
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova and ITM-CNR Via Marzolo, 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste Via Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramón182 20014 Donostia San Sebastián Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science Ikerbasque Bilbao 48013 Spain
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova and ITM-CNR Via Marzolo, 1 35131 Padova Italy
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2
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Plumet J. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrile Oxides under "Non-Conventional" Conditions: Green Solvents, Irradiation, and Continuous Flow. Chempluschem 2021; 85:2252-2271. [PMID: 33044044 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions (DCs) of nitrile oxides (NOs) to alkenes and alkynes are useful methods for the synthesis of 2-isoxazolines and isoxazoles respectively, which are important classes of heterocyclic compounds in organic and medicinal chemistry. Most of these reactions are carried out in organic solvents and under thermal activation. Nevertheless the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2 ) and ionic liquids (Ils) as alternative solvents and the application of microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) as alternative activation procedures have evident advantages from the "Green Chemistry" point of view. The critical discussion on the applications of these "unconventional" activation methods and reaction conditions in the 1,3-DCs of NOs is the objective of the present Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Plumet
- Department of Organic Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Yang Y, Niu C, Chen M, Yang S, Wang GW. Electrochemical regioselective alkylations of a [60]fulleroindoline with bulky alkyl bromides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4783-4787. [PMID: 32520053 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical alkylations of a [60]fulleroindoline with different bulky alkyl bromides exhibit different reaction behaviors. The hydroalkylation and dialkylation of the electrochemically generated dianionic [60]fulleroindoline with bulky 2,4,6-tris(bromomethyl)mesitylene give rise to 1,2,3,16-adducts. In comparison, the hydroalkylation of the dianionic [60]fulleroindoline with bulkier diphenylbromomethane still affords a 1,2,3,16-adduct, while the corresponding dialkylation provides a sterically favoured 1,4,9,12-adduct, which is scarcely investigated, as the major product along with the isomeric 1,2,3,16-adduct as the minor product. The structures of these products have been determined by spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. A plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed to explain the formation of the observed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Chuang Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
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4
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Talmazan RA, Liedl KR, Kräutler B, Podewitz M. The intermolecular anthracene-transfer in a regiospecific antipodal C 60 difunctionalization. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4090-4103. [PMID: 32428053 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00520g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of fullerenes, their mono- and multi-functionalization by exohedral addition chemistry has been a fundamental topic. A few years ago, a topochemically controlled regiospecific difunctionalization of C60 fullerene by anthracene in the solid state was discovered. In the present work, we analyse the mechanism of this unique reaction, where an anthracene molecule is transferred from one C60 mono-adduct to another one, under exclusive formation of equal amounts of C60 and of the difficult to make, highly useful, antipodal C60 bis-adduct. Our herein disclosed dispersion corrected DFT studies show the anthracene transfer to take place in a synchronous retro Diels-Alder/Diels-Alder reaction: an anthracene molecule dissociates from one fullerene under formation of an intermediate, while undergoing stabilizing interactions with both neighbouring fullerene molecules, facilitating the reaction kinetically. In the intermediate, a planar anthracene molecule is sandwiched between two neighbouring fullerenes and forms equally strong 'double-decker' type π-π stacking interactions with both of these fullerenes. Analysis with the distortion interaction model shows that the anthracene unit of the intermediate is almost planar with minimal distortion. This analysis highlights the existence of simultaneous noncovalent interactions engaging both faces of a planar polyunsaturated ring and two convex fullerene surfaces in an unprecedented 'inverted sandwich' structure. Hence, it sheds light on new strategies to design functional fullerene based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu A Talmazan
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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5
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Bogdanov VP, Brotsman VA, Belov NM, Rybalchenko AV, Markov VY, Troyanov SI, Goryunkov AA. Regioselective Mono- and Dialkylation of [6,6]-open C 60 (CF 2 ): Synthetic and Kinetic Aspects. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1701-1708. [PMID: 32293784 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alkylation of homofullerene [6,6]-C60 (CF2 )2- dianion with the set of alkyl halides, RX, was established to demonstrate an effect of RX nature on the conversion, product composition, and regioselectivity. The respective C60 (CF2 )RH, C60 (CF2 )R2 and C60 (CF2 )R'R'' compounds were obtained in the reaction with sterically unhindered RX, isolated by HPLC and unequivocally characterized. The kinetic studies evidenced SN 2 mechanism for both alkylation steps, yielding mono- and dialkylated C60 (CF2 ), respectively, and indicated the negative charge localization at the bridgehead carbon atoms as well as a steric hindrance of the CF2 moiety likely to be a key factors for the SN 2 reaction mechanism and observed regioselectivity. The significant difference in the rate constants of the first and the second steps is attributed to the different activation barriers predicted by DFT calculations which makes possible to develop synthetic methods for the regioselective preparation of monoalkylated C60 (CF2 )RH and heterodialkylated C60 (CF2 )R'R'' derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor P Bogdanov
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia.,Endocrinology Research Centre, 12 Dm.Ul'yanova, str., 117036, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor A Brotsman
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita M Belov
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Rybalchenko
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Yu Markov
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey I Troyanov
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Goryunkov
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Liu KQ, Wang JJ, Yan XX, Niu C, Wang GW. Regioselective electrosynthesis of tetra- and hexa-functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives with unprecedented addition patterns. Chem Sci 2020; 11:384-388. [PMID: 32153753 PMCID: PMC7021186 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02131k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient and regioselective electrosynthesis of tetra- and hexa-functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives with unprecedented addition patterns has been achieved. The tetra-functionalized [60]fullerene derivative with an intriguing 1,2,4,17-addition pattern is regioselectively obtained by cyclization reaction of the dianionic species generated electrochemically from a [60]fulleroindoline with 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene at 0 °C, and can be converted to the more stable 1,2,3,4-adduct at 25 °C. Furthermore, the hexa-functionalized [60]fullerene derivative with the 1,2,3,4,9,10-addition pattern displaying a unique "S"-shaped configuration can be synthesized by protonation of the electrochemically generated dianion of the obtained tetra-functionalized 1,2,4,17-adduct. The structures of the tetra- and hexa-functionalized products have been determined by spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Qing Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China . gwang@.ustc.edu.cn
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China . gwang@.ustc.edu.cn
| | - Xing-Xing Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China . gwang@.ustc.edu.cn
| | - Chuang Niu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China . gwang@.ustc.edu.cn
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China . gwang@.ustc.edu.cn
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , P. R. China
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7
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Yan XX, Li B, Lin HS, Jin F, Niu C, Liu KQ, Wang GW, Yang S. Successively Regioselective Electrosynthesis and Electron Transport Property of Stable Multiply Functionalized [60]Fullerene Derivatives. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:2059190. [PMID: 32149279 PMCID: PMC7044465 DOI: 10.34133/2020/2059190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With the recent advance in chemical modification of fullerenes, electrosynthesis has demonstrated increasing importance in regioselective synthesis of novel fullerene derivatives. Herein, we report successively regioselective synthesis of stable tetra- and hexafunctionalized [60]fullerene derivatives. The cycloaddition reaction of the electrochemically generated dianions from [60]fulleroindolines with phthaloyl chloride regioselectively affords 1,2,4,17-functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives with two attached ketone groups and a unique addition pattern, where the heterocycle is rearranged to a [5,6]-junction and the carbocycle is fused to an adjacent [6,6]-junction. This addition pattern is in sharp contrast with that of the previously reported biscycloadducts, where both cycles are appended to [6,6]-junctions. The obtained tetrafunctionalized compounds can be successively manipulated to 1,2,3,4,9,10-functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives with an intriguing "S"-shaped configuration via a novel electrochemical protonation. Importantly, the stability of tetrafunctionalized [60]fullerene products allows them to be applied in planar perovskite solar cells as efficient electron transport layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bairu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hao-Sheng Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chuang Niu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kai-Qing Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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8
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Ikuma N, Nakagawa K, Kokubo K, Oshima T. Regioselective addition of Grignard reagents to tosylazafulleroid and derivatization to 1,2-disubstituted [60]fullerene. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7103-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00869k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Grignard reaction with tosylazafulleroid selectively gave tosyl aminylfullerene with the relatively rare 1,2-configuration, via [5,6] ring-closure and CN-bond scission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiko Ikuma
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Koji Nakagawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Ken Kokubo
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Takumi Oshima
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
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9
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Li ZJ, Li FF, Li SH, Chang WW, Yang WW, Gao X. Oxazolination of 1,4-(PhCH2)2C60: Toward a Better Understanding of Multiadditions of Heteroaddends. Org Lett 2012; 14:3482-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301449s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Fang-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Wei-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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10
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Gal’pern EG, Sabirov AR, Novikov YN, Stankevich IV. Modeling of the molecular and electronic structures of some mono- and biosmium complexes of fullerene C60. Russ Chem Bull 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-011-0231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Chaker L, Yongye AB, Nefzi A, Martínez-Mayorga K. Prediction of the experimental regioselectivity of C60
fullerene bis-adducts. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Chaker
- University of Taibah; Department of Chemistry; Madinah 42311 Saudi Arabia
| | - Austin B. Yongye
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; 11350 SW Village Parkway Port St. Lucie FL 34987 USA
| | - Adel Nefzi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; 11350 SW Village Parkway Port St. Lucie FL 34987 USA
| | - Karina Martínez-Mayorga
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; 11350 SW Village Parkway Port St. Lucie FL 34987 USA
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12
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Ikuma N, Susami Y, Oshima T. Notably Enhanced Reactivity of the Fulleroid anti-Bredt Double Bond in Diels-Alder Reactions. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Nakamura Y, Kato SI. Exohedral functionalization of fullerenes and supramolecular chemistry. CHEM REC 2011; 11:77-94. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Ikuma N, Susami Y, Oshima T. Kinetics and regioselectivity in the Diels–Alder reaction of fulleroids vs. methanofullerene and C60. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1394-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b918005b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Beuerle F, Hirsch A. Synthesis and Orthogonal Functionalization of [60]Fullerenee,e,e-Trisadducts with Two Spherically Defined Addend Zones. Chemistry 2009; 15:7434-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Beuerle F, Hirsch A. Synthesis of Amphiphilic [60]Fullerene [3:3]Hexakisadducts with Four Spherically Defined Addend Zones. Chemistry 2009; 15:7447-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Harada N. Determination of absolute configurations by X-ray crystallography and1H NMR anisotropy. Chirality 2008; 20:691-723. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Lukoyanova O, Kitaygorodskiy A, Cardona CM, Echegoyen L. 1H NMR Spectroscopic Studies of the Conformational Isomers of Pyrrolidinofullerenes. Chemistry 2007; 13:8294-301. [PMID: 17659515 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mixed bis-adduct derivatives of C60 containing a pyrrolidine and a malonate methano group were synthesized. Three regioisomers, the e', the trans-2, and the trans-3, were isolated and characterized. In-depth NMR studies of these methano-pyrrolidinofullerenes showed that the nitrogen inversion on the pyrrolidine moiety is not a fast event in the 1H NMR time scale as previously regarded. Solvent effects, variable temperature experiments, and protonation of the pyrrolidine nitrogen are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Lukoyanova
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, SC 29630-0973, USA
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19
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Thilgen C, Diederich F. Structural Aspects of Fullerene ChemistryA Journey through Fullerene Chirality. Chem Rev 2006; 106:5049-135. [PMID: 17165683 DOI: 10.1021/cr0505371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Thilgen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Kuwahara S, Obata K, Yoshida K, Matsumoto T, Harada N, Yasuda N, Ozawa Y, Toriumi K. Conclusive determination of the absolute configuration of chiral C60-fullerene cis-3 bisadducts by X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:2262-5. [PMID: 15744788 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kuwahara
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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21
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Wong WWH, Diederich F. Regio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Bis- and Tetrakisadducts of C70 by Directed Remote Functionalization Using Tröger Base Tethers. Chemistry 2006; 12:3463-71. [PMID: 16548020 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Double Bingel cyclopropanation of C70 with bismalonates featuring Tröger base derivatives as chiral spacers afforded bisadducts with almost perfect regio- and stereoselectivity. The excellent directing property of these rigidly folded spacers in the remote functionalization of the higher fullerene was further highlighted by the selective formation of a product with a novel bisaddition pattern involving the C(7)-C(22) and C(33)-C(34) bonds of C70. Enantiomerically pure bisadducts of C70 were prepared by highly diastereoselective transformations of bismalonates incorporating optically pure Tröger base tethers. The absolute configuration of these bisadducts was established by comparison of circular dichroism (CD) spectra with data reported in the literature. For the first time, optically active tetrakisadducts of a fullerene were prepared by two sequential chiral-spacer-controlled remote functionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace W H Wong
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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TOIDA T, UCHIDA K, ISHII T, YAJIMA H. Comprehensive Analysis of Peak Counts and Peak Proportions in NMR Spectra of C60Rn(n = 0–30). JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CHEMISTRY-JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.2477/jccj.5.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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TOIDA T, SOYA K, Uchida K, ISHII T, YAJIMA H. Theoretical and Experimental Study of Bis-adducted trans-1 and e isomers of Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)methano[60]fullerene. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CHEMISTRY-JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.2477/jccj.5.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Belen’kii L, Gramenitskaya V, Evdokimenkova Y. The Literature of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Part IX, 2002–2004. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(06)92004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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25
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Ito H, Ishida Y, Saigo K. Preparation and identification of bis(formylmethano)[60]fullerene isomers: the first systematic study on bifunctionalized [60]fullerenes with dissymmetric addends. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Chaker L, Ball GE, Williams JR, Burley GA, Hawkins BC, Keller PA, Pyne SG. Regioselective Synthesis of Novele-Edge-[60]fullerenylmethanodihydropyrroles and 1,2-Dihydromethano[60]fullerenes. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Li H, Huang W, Guo Z, Guduru R, Sun YP. Derivatized Fullerenes Bearing Multiple Electron Donors: Synthesis and Charge Transfer Properties. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:11886-92. [PMID: 16852463 DOI: 10.1021/jp044263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of methano-C60 adducts bearing up to six electron donating N,N-dimethylaniline units (denoted as D compounds), along with their analogues without the dimethylamino groups as references (R compounds), were synthesized. The redox properties of the D compounds in solutions were evaluated spectroscopically in reference to the R compounds. According to UV/vis absorption results, there are obviously ground-state intramolecular charge-transfer complexes in the D series, and the charge-transfer effects apparently become saturated with only two donor units in the molecule. The photoinduced intramolecular electron-transfer properties of the D compounds were investigated via fluorescence measurements. The emission from intramolecular exciplexes can be found only in the D molecule with two electron donor units. Throughout the D series, the fluorescence properties are highly sensitive to the solvent polarity, with the emission completely quenched for all of the molecules in a polar solvent like methylene chloride. Mechanistic implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, USA
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28
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Ungurenasu C, Pinteala M. First Homopolymerizable Monomer Containing [C60]Fullerene as a Monoadduct Substituent. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200500027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Kuwahara S, Obata K, Yoshida K, Matsumoto T, Harada N, Yasuda N, Ozawa Y, Toriumi K. Conclusive Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Chiral C60-Fullerenecis-3 Bisadducts by X-ray Crystallography and Circular Dichroism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200462811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Nishimura T, Maeda K, Ohsawa S, Yashima E. Helical Arrays of Pendant Fullerenes on Optically Active Poly(phenylacetylene)s. Chemistry 2005; 11:1181-90. [PMID: 15619724 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel, optically active, stereoregular poly(phenylacetylene)s bearing the bulky fullerene as the pendant were synthesized by copolymerization of an achiral phenylacetylene bearing a [60]fullerene unit with optically active phenylacetylene components in the presence of a rhodium catalyst. The C60-bound phenylacetylene was prepared by treatment of C60 with N-(4-ethynylbenzyl)glycine in a Prato reaction. The obtained copolymers exhibited induced circular dichroism (ICD) in solution both in the main-chain region and in the achiral fullerene chromophoric region, although their ICD intensities were highly dependent on the structures of the optically active phenylacetylenes and the solution temperature. These results indicate that the optically active copolymers form one-handed helical structures and that the pendant achiral fullerene groups are arranged in helical arrays with a predominant screw sense along the polymer backbone. The structures and morphology of the copolymers on solid substrates were also investigated by atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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31
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Sergeyev S, Schär M, Seiler P, Lukoyanova O, Echegoyen L, Diederich F. Synthesis oftrans-1,trans-2,trans-3, andtrans-4 Bisadducts of C60by Regio- and Stereoselective Tether-Directed Remote Functionalization. Chemistry 2005; 11:2284-94. [PMID: 15674978 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The double Bingel reaction of fullerene C60 with bismalonates attached to a Tröger base derived tether afforded trans-1, trans-2, trans-3, and trans-4 bisadducts with excellent regioselectivity. In particular, enantiomerically pure bisadducts with inherently chiral trans-2 or trans-3 addition patterns were prepared starting from enantiomerically pure bismalonates. The absolute configuration of the trans-2 and trans-3 bisadducts was established from their CD spectra. The excellent diastereoselectivity in the double additions to give the trans-2 bisadducts is particularly remarkable given the large distance between the two reacting bonds in opposite hemispheres of the fullerene that is spanned by the tether. Now, all inherently chiral double addition patterns are readily available by tether-directed functionalization using appropriate chiral, nonracemic spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Sergeyev
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Hönggerberg, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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