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Molčanov K, Milašinović V, Kojić-Prodić B, Maltar-Strmečki N, You J, Šantić A, Kanižaj L, Stilinović V, Fotović L. Semiconductive 2D arrays of pancake-bonded oligomers of partially charged TCNQ radicals. IUCRJ 2022; 9:449-467. [PMID: 35844480 PMCID: PMC9252159 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522004717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multicentre two-electron (mc/2e or 'pancake bonding') bonding between 7,7,8,8-tetra-cyano-quinodi-methane (TCNQ) radical anions was studied on its 14 novel salts with planar organic cations. The formal charges of the TCNQδ- moieties are -1/2 and -2/3, and they form mc/2e bonded dimers, trimers and tetramers which are further stacked into extended arrays. Multicentre bonding within these oligomers is characterized by short interplanar separations of 2.9-3.2 Å; distances between the oligomers are larger, typically >3.3 Å. The stacks are laterally connected by C-H⋯N hydrogen bonding, forming 2D arrays. The nature of mc/2e bonding is characterized by structural, magnetic and electrical data. The compounds are found to be semiconductors, and high conductivity [10-2 (Ω cm)-1] correlates with short interplanar distances between pancake-bonded oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krešimir Molčanov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Valentina Milašinović
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Biserka Kojić-Prodić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Nadica Maltar-Strmečki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Jiangyang You
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ana Šantić
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Lidija Kanižaj
- Department of Materials Physics, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Stilinović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia
| | - Luka Fotović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia
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Deekamwong K, Usov PM, Ohtsu H, Kawano M. Pyridinium modification of a hexaazaphenalene skeleton: structure and spectroelectrochemical analysis. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00850h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
N-Alkylation of tris(4-pyridyl) hexaazaphenalene (TPHAP) anions afforded corresponding pyridinium derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittanun Deekamwong
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Meguro-ku
- Japan
| | - Pavel M. Usov
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Meguro-ku
- Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ohtsu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Meguro-ku
- Japan
| | - Masaki Kawano
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Meguro-ku
- Japan
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Kim J, Ohtsu H, Den T, Deekamwong K, Muneta I, Kawano M. Control of anisotropy of a redox-active molecule-based film leads to non-volatile resistive switching memory. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10888-10893. [PMID: 32190244 PMCID: PMC7066666 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04213j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of the π-π interaction direction in a redox-active π-molecule based film led to the formation of new mechanistic nonvolatile resistive switching memory: a redox-active organic molecule, 2,5,8-tri(4-pyridyl)1,3-diazaphenalene, showed non-volatile bistable resistance states with a high on-off ratio, retention, and endurance only when the molecular orientation was anisotropic. Control experiments using redox-active/redox-inert organic molecules with isotropic/anisotropic molecular orientations implied that the formation of conductive oxidized π-π stacking layers from non-conductive neutral π-π stacking layers is responsible for resistive switching phenomena, indicating new mechanisms such as ReRAM. Our findings will give a comprehensive understanding of electron transport in organic solid materials based on the effects of redox-activity and molecular arrangement, leading to fabrication of a new class of ReRAM based on organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaejun Kim
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Hiroyoshi Ohtsu
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Taizen Den
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Krittanun Deekamwong
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Iriya Muneta
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , School of Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku , Yokohama 226-8503 , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Masaki Kawano
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
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Den T, Usov PM, Kim J, Hashizume D, Ohtsu H, Kawano M. Solid-Gas Phase Synthesis of Coordination Networks by Using Redox-Active Ligands and Elucidation of Their Oxidation Reaction. Chemistry 2019; 25:11512-11520. [PMID: 31304620 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Formation of coordination networks is a complex process affected by a multitude of factors. Many synthetic strategies have been developed that attempt to control these factors and direct the structure of the final product. Coordination bond formation and structural assembly processes, however, typically take place either in the solution or solid states. In comparison, gas-phase network synthesis remains largely unexplored. Herein, two new two-dimensional coordination networks are obtained from the solid-gas phase reaction between ZnX2 (X=I, Br) and the redox-active 2,5,8-tri(4-pyridyl)1,3-diazaphenalene (HTPDAP) ligand. Their structures were solved by ab initio powder X-ray diffraction analysis and feature a novel Zn halide trimeric cluster. This strategy is contrasted with a conventional solvothermal synthesis, which led to a one-dimensional coordination polymer instead. The intrinsic electroactive properties of these materials were probed by solid-state cyclic voltammetry measurements, which revealed the presence of HTPDAP and halide-based processes. Chemical oxidation of the two-dimensional networks by using NOPF6 agent, unexpectedly, led to the formation of a nitrated analog of HTPDAP, the PF6 - salt of diprotonated 4,6,7,9-tetranitro-2,5,8-tris(4-pyridyl)diazaphenalene cation (denoted N-TPDAP), which was isolated and characterized. These results provide deeper insights into the oxidation process of HTPDAP-containing networks and uncover unique redox-induced chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizen Den
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Pavel M Usov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Jaejun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Centre for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ohtsu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.,RIKEN Centre for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaki Kawano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 865] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Koo JY, Yakiyama Y, Kim J, Morita Y, Kawano M. Redox-active Diazaphenalenyl-based Molecule and Neutral Radical Formation. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Koo
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology
| | - Yumi Yakiyama
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology
| | - Jaejun Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology
| | - Yasushi Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology
| | - Masaki Kawano
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology
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Agarwala H, Scherer TM, Mobin SM, Kaim W, Lahiri GK. Bidirectional non-innocence of the β-diketonato ligand 9-oxidophenalenone (L-) in [Ru([9]aneS3)(L)(dmso)]n, [9]aneS3 = 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:3939-48. [PMID: 24448427 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53069h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The new compound [Ru(II)([9]aneS3)(L)(dmso)]ClO4 ([]ClO4) ([9]aneS3 = 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane, HL = 9-hydroxyphenalenone, dmso = dimethylsulfoxide) has been structurally characterised to reveal almost equal C-O bond distances of coordinated L(-), suggesting a delocalised bonding situation of the β-diketonato ligand. The dmso ligand is coordinated via the sulfur atom in the native (1+) and reduced states (1 and 1-) as has been revealed by X-ray crystallography and by DFT calculations. Cyclic voltammetry of 1+ exhibits two close-lying one-electron oxidation waves at 0.77 V and 0.94 V, and two similarly close one-electron reduction processes at -1.43 V and -1.56 V versus SCE in CH2Cl2. The electronic structures of 1n in the accessible redox states have been analysed via experiments (EPR and UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry) and by DFT/TD-DFT calculations, revealing the potential for bidirectional non-innocent behaviour of coordinated L(˙/-/˙2-). Specifically, the studies establish significant involvement of L based frontier orbitals in both the oxidation and reduction processes: [([9]aneS3)(dmso)Ru(III)-L˙](3+) (1(3+)) ⇌ [([9]aneS3)(dmso)Ru(III)-L(-)](2+)/[([9]aneS3)(dmso)Ru(II)-L˙](2+) (1(2+)) ⇌ [([9]aneS3)(dmso)Ru(II)-L(-)](+) (1(+)) ⇌ [([9]aneS3)(dmso)Ru(II)-L(˙2-)] (1) ⇌ [([9]aneS3)(dmso)Ru(II)-L(3-)](-)/[([9]aneS3)(dmso)Ru(I)-L(˙2-)](-) (1-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Agarwala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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Cucciolito ME, Panunzi B, Ruffo F, Tuzi A. Naphthalene-1,8-di-amine-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1H-perimidine (2/1). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o1133-4. [PMID: 24046685 PMCID: PMC3770400 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813016796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the title adduct, C15H10N4·2C10H10N2, the pyrimidine ring is nearly co-planar with the heteroatomic perimidine ring, as indicated dihedral angle between their mean planes of 3.21 (11)°. The di-aminona-phthalene mol-ecules are slightly twisted [dihedral angles = 4.2 (2) and 3.0 (2)°] because of the steric encumbrance of NH2 groups. The perimidine and di-aminona-phthalene mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming an R (4) 4(12) graph-set motif across an inversion center. In the crystal, alternating layers of the perimidine and di-aminona-phthalene mol-ecules are formed along [100]. In the perimidine layer, mol-ecules are π-π stacked along the c-axis direction with an inter-plane separation of approximately 3.4 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Cucciolito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ’Federico II’, Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Barbara Panunzi
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli ’Federico II’, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Francesco Ruffo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ’Federico II’, Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Tuzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ’Federico II’, Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Morita Y, Murata T, Nakasuji K. Cooperation of Hydrogen-Bond and Charge-Transfer Interactions in Molecular Complexes in the Solid State. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Tsuyoshi Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Kazuhiro Nakasuji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
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Ueda A, Wasa H, Suzuki S, Okada K, Sato K, Takui T, Morita Y. Chiral Stable Phenalenyl Radical: Synthesis, Electronic-Spin Structure, and Optical Properties of [4]Helicene-Structured Diazaphenalenyl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ueda A, Wasa H, Suzuki S, Okada K, Sato K, Takui T, Morita Y. Chiral stable phenalenyl radical: synthesis, electronic-spin structure, and optical properties of [4]helicene-structured diazaphenalenyl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6691-5. [PMID: 22639422 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Ueda A, Yoshida K, Suzuki S, Fukui K, Nakasuji K, Morita Y. Heteroatom functionalization of phenalenyl: synthesis, structures, and properties of hexa-substituted phenalenyliums. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kenta Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kozo Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakasuji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yasushi Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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Suzuki S, Fukui K, Fuyuhiro A, Sato K, Takui T, Nakasuji K, Morita Y. Hexaazaphenalene Derivatives: One-Pot Synthesis, Hydrogen-Bonded Chiral Helix, and Fluorescence Properties. Org Lett 2010; 12:5036-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102200v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Kubo T, Goto Y, Uruichi M, Yakushi K, Nakano M, Fuyuhiro A, Morita Y, Nakasuji K. Synthesis and characterization of acetylene-linked bisphenalenyl and metallic-like behavior in its charge-transfer complex. Chem Asian J 2008; 2:1370-9. [PMID: 17828719 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We prepared and isolated a phenalenyl-based neutral hydrocarbon (1 b) with a biradical index of 14%, as well as its charge-transfer (CT) complex 1 b-F(4)-TCNQ. The crystal structure and the small HOMO-LUMO gap assessed by electrochemical and optical methods support the singlet-biradical contribution to the ground state of the neutral 1 b. This biradical character suggests that 1 b has the electronic structure of phenalenyl radicals coupled weakly through an acetylene linker, that is, some independence of the two phenalenyl moieties. The monocationic species 1 b*+ was obtained by reaction with the organic electron acceptor F4-TCNQ. The cationic species has a small disproportionation energy deltaE for the reaction 2 x 1 b*+ <==> 1 b + 1 b2+, which presumably originates from the independence of the phenalenyl moieties. The small deltaE led to a small on-site Coulombic repulsion U(eff) = 0.61 eV in the CT complex. Moreover, a very effective orbital overlap of the phenalenyl rings between molecules afforded a relatively large transfer integral t = 0.09 eV. The small U(eff)/4t ratio (= 1.7) resulted in a metallic-like conductive behavior at around room temperature. Below 280 K, the CT complex showed a transition into a semiconductive state as a result of bond formation between phenalenyl and F4-TCNQ carbon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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