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Pratt LM, Dixon DD, Tius MA. Mixed aggregates of 1-methoxyallenyllithium with lithium chloride. ChemistryOpen 2015; 3:250-5. [PMID: 25558443 PMCID: PMC4280824 DOI: 10.1002/open.201402025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A combined computational and 13C NMR study was used to investigate the formation of mixed aggregates of 1-methoxyallenyllithium and lithium chloride in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. The observed and calculated chemical shifts, as well as the calculated free energies of mixed aggregate formation (MP2/6-31+G(d)), are consistent with the formation of a mixed dimer as the major species in solution. Free energies of mixed dimer, trimer, and tetramer formation were calculated by using the B3LYP and MP2 methods and the 6-31+G(d) basis set. The two methods generated different predictions of which mixed aggregates will be formed, with B3LYP/6-31+G(d) favoring mixed trimers and tetramers in THF solution, and MP2/6-31+G(d) favoring mixed dimers. Formation of the sterically unhindered mixed dimers is also consistent with the enhanced reactivity of these compounds in the presence of lithium chloride. The spectra are also consistent with some residual 1-methoxyallenyllithium tetramer, as well as small amounts of higher mixed aggregates. Although neither computational method is perfect, for this particular system, the calculated free energies derived using the MP2 method are in better agreement with experimental data than those derived using the B3LYP method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Pratt
- Department of Physical, Environmental, and Computer Science, Medgar Evers College, The City University of New York 1638 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11225 (USA) E-mail:
| | - Darryl D Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96813 (USA) The University of Hawaii Cancer Center 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 (USA) E-mail:
| | - Marcus A Tius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96813 (USA) The University of Hawaii Cancer Center 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 (USA) E-mail:
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Voukides AC, Cahill KJ, Johnson RP. Computational Studies on a Carbenoid Mechanism for the Doering–Moore–Skattebøl Reaction. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11815-23. [PMID: 24180520 DOI: 10.1021/jo401847v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C. Voukides
- Department
of Chemistry University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Katharine J. Cahill
- Department
of Chemistry University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Richard P. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
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Degree of vinylidene character of α-heteroatom-substituted vinylmagnesium chlorides: a DFT study to discern the role of the halogen atom in magnesium alkylidene carbenoid chemistry. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Capriati V, Florio S. Anatomy of long-lasting love affairs with lithium carbenoids: past and present status and future prospects. Chemistry 2010; 16:4152-62. [PMID: 20222089 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After a long adolescence, the chemistry of lithium carbenoids has currently been entering its maturity bringing a dowry of a more in-depth and less empirical knowledge of the structure and configurational stability of such double-faced intermediates; this, thanks in particular to the synergistic and harmonic cooperation between calculations and the most modern NMR techniques now at our disposal. Such knowledge has stimulated the development of fruitful stereoselective applications in the field of organic synthesis, providing in addition a rationale to observed selectivities. Such aspects together with the role played by aggregation and solvation on the structure-reactivity relationship are highlighted throughout this Minireview with selected examples extracted from recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Pratt LM, Trần PTT, Nguỹên NV, Ramachandran B. Cyclopropanation Reactions of Halomethyllithium Carbenoids: A Computational Study of the Effects of Aggregation and Solvation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pratt LM, Nguyen NV, Kwon O. Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell (FBW) Reaction of 1-Halovinyllithium Carbenoids: A Computational Study. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Khartabil HK, Martins-Costa MTC, Gros PC, Fort Y, Ruiz-López MF. Structure of Mixed Alkyllithium/Lithium Alkoxide Aggregates in Ethereal Solvents. Insights from Combined QM/MM Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:6459-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809211y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K. Khartabil
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marilia T. C. Martins-Costa
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe C. Gros
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Yves Fort
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Manuel F. Ruiz-López
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Pratt LM, Fujiwara SI, Kambe N. Structure, bonding, and aggregation of selenium-containing organolithium species. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Khartabil HK, Gros PC, Fort Y, Ruiz-López MF. A Theoretical Study on nBuLi/Lithium Aminoalkoxide Aggregation in Hexane and THF. J Org Chem 2008; 73:9393-402. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8019434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K. Khartabil
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques, and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe C. Gros
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques, and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Yves Fort
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques, and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Manuel F. Ruiz-López
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques, and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Pratt LM, Nguyen SC, Bui TT. A computational study of lithium ketone enolate aggregation in the gas phase and in THF solution. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6086-91. [PMID: 18646860 DOI: 10.1021/jo800528y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation state of several lithium enolates were calculated in the gas phase and in THF solution by the B3LYP DFT and MP2 methods. The gas phase free energies of aggregate formation were underestimated by the DFT calculations, compared to those obtained by the G3MP2 method, although DFT did correctly predict the hexamer to be the major gas phase species. The DFT calculations correctly predicted the tetramer to be the major species in THF, while MP2 underestimated the stability of the tetramer relative to the dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Kapeller DC, Hammerschmidt F. Preparation and Configurational Stability of Chiral Chloro-[D1]methyllithiums of 98% Enantiomeric Excess. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:2329-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0779708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar C. Kapeller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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