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Matsukawa Y, Umemura K. Optical Response Characteristics of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Chirality Exposed to Oxidants with Different Oxidizing Power. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041091. [PMID: 33669602 PMCID: PMC7922499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have unique characteristics owing to differences in the three-dimensional structure (chirality) expressed by the chiral index (n,m), and many studies on the redox characteristics of chirality have been reported. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the chirality of SWNTs and the oxidizing power of oxidants by measuring the near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectra of two double-stranded DNA-SWNT complexes with the addition of three oxidants with different oxidizing powers. A dispersion was prepared by mixing 0.5 mg of SWNT powder with 1 mg/mL of DNA solution. Different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium hexachloroidylate (IV) (K2IrCl6), or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) were added to the dispersion to induce oxidation. Thereafter, a catechin solution was added to observe if the absorbance of the oxidized dispersion was restored by the reducing action of the catechin. We found that the difference in the oxidizing power had a significant effect on the detection sensitivity of the chiralities of the SWNTs. Furthermore, we revealed a detectable range of oxidants with different oxidizing powers for each chirality.
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Effect on near-infrared absorption spectra of DNA/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) complexes by adsorption of a blocking reagent. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Differences in the response of the near-infrared absorbance spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes; Effects of chirality and wrapping polymers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:684-689. [PMID: 30243222 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We detected antioxidant activity of catechin, one of the main components of tea, using SWNTs surface coated with two different biomolecules. Compared to coating with DNA already reported, it can hardly be detected when coated with carboxymethyl cellulose. For nanobiosensing using SWNTs, its sensitivity is not determined only by SWNTs, we found that biomolecules covering the surface are extremely important. In this experiment, we measured the near-infrared absorption spectra of SWNTs coated separately with two different water-soluble polymers; DNA (double-stranded DNA-SWNT complexes) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, CMC-SWNT complexes), and uncovered the differences in their antioxidant properties against the flavonoid catechin. Each dispersion was oxidized with H2O2 at 0.03% (final concentration), following which catechin solutions were added to reduce the samples. Our results showed that the magnitude of the change in the absorbance spectra for dsDNA-SWNT complexes in response to oxidation and reduction was superior to that for CMC-SWNT complexes. The CMC-SWNT complexes exhibited almost no change in their spectra even though the same SWNT powder (produced by the high-pressure carbon monoxide (HiPco) method) was used. On the other hand, when (6, 5)-enriched SWNT powder produced by the ComoCat method was used, no significant change in the absorbance was observed, even though (6, 5)-enriched SWNTs are frequently used for nanobiosensing. Our results revealed that both the SWNT chirality and type of polymer for wrapping SWNTs are important factors for establishing nanobiosensing methods utilizing SWNTs.
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A fundamental study of photoluminescence modulation from DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2018; 47:523-530. [PMID: 29159501 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the interaction of base sequence-assigned single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules with the surfaces of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-thymine (T30)/cytosine (C30) hybrids (T30/C30-SWNT), by measuring the modulation of near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence (PL). Significant PL shifts were observed when T30/C30-SWNTs were reacted with 30-mers of adenine (A30)/guanine (G30). In contrast, when non-complementary ssDNA was used, no significant energy shift was observed in the PL modulation except when T30-SWNTs were reacted with G30. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements revealed that the average heights of the T30-SWNTs and C30-SWNTs, after reaction with A30 were 2 ± 0.6 and 1.1 ± 0.3 nm, respectively. This result was in good agreement with the results of PL measurements. Our data reveal that DNA hybridization could be detected by measuring PL from SWNTs, without the use of fluorescent molecules. This leads to the possibility of developing nanotube-based photoelectric conversion or optical switch devices driven by organic molecules.
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Umemura K, Sato S. Scanning Techniques for Nanobioconjugates of Carbon Nanotubes. SCANNING 2018; 2018:6254692. [PMID: 30008981 PMCID: PMC6020491 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6254692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanobioconjugates using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive and promising hybrid materials. Various biological applications using the CNT nanobioconjugates, for example, drug delivery systems and nanobiosensors, have been proposed by many authors. Scanning techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) have advantages to characterize the CNT nanobioconjugates under various conditions, for example, isolated conjugates, conjugates in thin films, and conjugates in living cells. In this review article, almost 300 papers are categorized based on types of CNT applications, and various scanning data are introduced to illuminate merits of scanning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Umemura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan
| | - Shizuma Sato
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan
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Adsorption of DNA binding proteins to functionalized carbon nanotube surfaces with and without DNA wrapping. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2017; 46:541-547. [PMID: 28204854 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined the adsorption of DNA binding proteins on functionalized, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). When SWNTs were functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG-SWNT), moderate adsorption of protein molecules was observed. In contrast, nanotubes functionalized with CONH2 groups (CONH2-SWNT) exhibited very strong interactions between the CONH2-SWNT and DNA binding proteins. Instead, when these SWNT surfaces were wrapped with DNA molecules (thymine 30-mers), protein binding was a little decreased. Our results revealed that DNA wrapped PEG-SWNT was one of the most promising candidates to realize DNA nanodevices involving protein reactions on DNA-SWNT surfaces. In addition, the DNA binding protein RecA was more adhesive than single-stranded DNA binding proteins to the functionalized SWNT surfaces.
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Umemura K, Izumi K, Oura S. Probe Microscopic Studies of DNA Molecules on Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6100180. [PMID: 28335308 PMCID: PMC5245195 DOI: 10.3390/nano6100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrids of DNA and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising nanobioconjugates for nanobiosensors, carriers for drug delivery, and other biological applications. In this review, nanoscopic characterization of DNA-CNT hybrids, in particular, characterization by scanning probe microscopy (SPM), is summarized. In many studies, topographical imaging by atomic force microscopy has been performed. However, some researchers have demonstrated advanced SPM operations in order to maximize its unique and valuable functions. Such sophisticated approaches are attractive and will have a significant impact on future studies of DNA-CNT hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Umemura
- Biophysics Section, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Katsuki Izumi
- Biophysics Section, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Shusuke Oura
- Biophysics Section, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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Hayashida T, Umemura K. Atomic Force Microscopy of DNA-wrapped Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solution. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:526-531. [PMID: 27045980 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated hybrids of DNA and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in aqueous solution and in air using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Although intensive AFM observations of these hybrids were previously carried out for samples in air, this is the first report on AFM observations of these hybrids in solution. As expected, diameters of DNA-SWNT hybrids dramatically increased in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (TE) buffer solution. The data suggest that DNA molecules maintain their structures even on the SWNT surfaces. Furthermore, we simultaneously observed single DNA-SWNT hybrids using three different AFM modes in air and in the TE buffer solution. Height value of the hybrids was largest in the solution, and lowest for the mode that repulsive force is expected in air. For the bare SWNT molecules, height differences among the three AFM modes were much lower than those of the DNA-SWNT hybrids. DNA molecules adsorbed on SWNT surfaces flexibly changed their morphology as well as DNA molecules on flat surfaces such as mica. This is hopeful results for biological applications of DNA-SWNT hybrids. In addition, our results revealed the importance of the single-molecule approach to evaluate DNA structures on SWNT surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hayashida
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umemura
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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Umemura K, Ishibashi Y, Oura S. Physisorption of DNA molecules on chemically modified single-walled carbon nanotubes with and without sonication. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:483-9. [PMID: 26846296 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the physisorption phenomenon of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules onto two types of commercially available chemically functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and agarose gel electrophoresis. We found that DNA molecules can adsorb on the water-soluble SWNT surfaces without sonication, although sonication treatment has been used for hybridization of DNA and SWNTs in many previous studies. Using our method, damage of DNA molecules by sonication can be avoided. On the other hand, the amount of DNA molecules adsorbed on SWNT surfaces increased when the samples were sonicated. This fact suggests that the sonication is effective not only at debundling of SWNTs, but also at assisting DNA adsorption. Furthermore, DNA adsorption was affected by the types of functionalized SWNTs. In the case of SWNTs functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG-SWNT), physisorption of ssDNA molecules was confirmed only by agarose-gel electrophoresis. In contrast, amino-terminated SWNTs (NH2-SWNTs) showed a change in the height distribution profile based on AFM observations. These results suggest that DNA molecules tended to adsorb to NH2-SWNT surfaces, although DNA molecules can also adsorb on PEG-SWNT surfaces. Our results revealed fundamental information for developing nanobiodevices using hybrids of DNA and SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Umemura
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Yu Ishibashi
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shusuke Oura
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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Umemura K. Hybrids of Nucleic Acids and Carbon Nanotubes for Nanobiotechnology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 5:321-350. [PMID: 28347014 PMCID: PMC5312852 DOI: 10.3390/nano5010321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the combination of nucleic acids and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been briefly reviewed here. Since discovering the hybridization phenomenon of DNA molecules and CNTs in 2003, a large amount of fundamental and applied research has been carried out. Among thousands of papers published since 2003, approximately 240 papers focused on biological applications were selected and categorized based on the types of nucleic acids used, but not the types of CNTs. This survey revealed that the hybridization phenomenon is strongly affected by various factors, such as DNA sequences, and for this reason, fundamental studies on the hybridization phenomenon are important. Additionally, many research groups have proposed numerous practical applications, such as nanobiosensors. The goal of this review is to provide perspective on biological applications using hybrids of nucleic acids and CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Umemura
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan.
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