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Song Q, Lei X, Yang S, Wang S, Wang J, Chen J, Xiang Y, Huang Q, Wang Z. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Nitro- o-xylenes: Process Optimization, Impurity Study and Extension to Analogues. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165139. [PMID: 36014379 PMCID: PMC9416712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient continuous-flow nitration process of o-xylene at pilot scale was demonstrated. The effects of parameters such as temperature, ratio of H2SO4 to HNO3, H2SO4 concentration, flow rate, and residence time on the reaction were studied. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of products reached 94.1%, with a product throughput of 800 g/h. The main impurities of this continuous-flow nitration process were also studied in detail. Compared with batch process, phenolic impurity decreased from 2% to 0.1%, which enabled the omission of the alkaline solution washing step and thus reduced the wastewater emission. The method was also successfully applied to the nitrification of p-xylene, toluene, and chlorobenzene with good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Song
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin 644000, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiangui Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Yinguang Group Sichuan North Hongguang Special Chemical Co., Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Jiujun Chen
- Yinguang Group Sichuan North Hongguang Special Chemical Co., Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Yong Xiang
- Yinguang Group Sichuan North Hongguang Special Chemical Co., Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Qingwu Huang
- Yinguang Group Sichuan North Hongguang Special Chemical Co., Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Zhouyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Yinguang Group Sichuan North Hongguang Special Chemical Co., Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (Z.W.)
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Shaomin X, Jianlong W, Fanfan S, Chuangang L. Crystal structure of 3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrophenol, C 8H 8N 2O 5. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2018-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C8H8N2O5, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.7951(12) Å, b = 8.1053(9) Å, c = 10.8626(9) Å, β = 100.371(4)°, V = 934.92(17) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0686, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1382, T = 293(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Shaomin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , North University of China , Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi Province , P.R. China
| | - Wang Jianlong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , North University of China , Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi Province , P.R. China
| | - Shen Fanfan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , North University of China , Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi Province , P.R. China
| | - Liu Chuangang
- Scientific Research Institute, Sichuan North Hongguang Special Chemical, Co. Ltd , Yibin 644104, Sichuan Province , P.R. China
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Gao X, Peng X, Chen K. The application of nitrogen oxides in industrial preparations of nitro compounds. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xinhua Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Kaihao Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094, China
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Sharma Y, Joshi RA, Kulkarni AA. Continuous-Flow Nitration of o-Xylene: Effect of Nitrating Agent and Feasibility of Tubular Reactors for Scale-Up. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Sharma
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411 008, India
| | - R. A. Joshi
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411 008, India
| | - A. A. Kulkarni
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411 008, India
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