1
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Ishigaki Y, Mizuno SI, Harimoto T, Shimajiri T, Suzuki T. Structural-Change-Induced Two-Stage Redox Behavior of Pentacenebisquinodimethane with Tricolor Chromism. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400316. [PMID: 38818666 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Tricolor electrochromism was realized through the interconversion among the neutral (yellow), dicationic (green), and tetracationic (blue) states, even though only one kind of chromophore is generated upon oxidation. Both dicationic and tetracationic states were isolated as stable salts, and their different colors come from the effective inter-chromophore interaction only in the tetracationic state but not in the dicationic state. Despite the negligible Coulombic repulsion in the tetracationic state with four cyanine-type chromophores, pentacenebisquinodimethane undergoes stepwise two-stage two-electron oxidation when radical-stabilizing 5-(4-octyloxyphenyl)-2-thienyl groups are attached on the exomethylene bonds. A contribution from the biradical form only in the neutral state but not in the dicationic state is the reason for the observed negative cooperativity during the electrochemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
| | - Shin-Ichi Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
| | - Takashi Harimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
| | - Takuya Shimajiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
- Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, JAPAN
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
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2
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Ishigaki Y, Mizuno SI, Sugawara K, Hashimoto T, Suzuki S, Suzuki T. Thermal Equilibrium Between Quinoid/Biradical Forms Enhancing Electrochemical Amphotericity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400916. [PMID: 38644537 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Upon dibenzo annulation on Thiele's hydrocarbon (tetraphenyl-p-quinodimethane), the quinoid form and the biradical form adopt quite different geometries, and thus are no longer resonance structures. When these two forms can interconvert rapidly due to the small energy barrier (ΔG≠), the equilibrated mixture contains both forms in a ratio that is determined by the energy difference (ΔGo) between the two forms. For a series of tetrakis[5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]-substituted derivatives, the more stable quinoid form and the metastable biradical form coexist in solution as an equilibrated mixture due to small ΔG≠ (<15 kcal mol-1) and ΔGo (1-4 kcal mol-1), in which the proportion of the two forms can be regulated by temperature. Since the biradical form can undergo easy two-electron (2e) oxidation to the corresponding dications as well as easy 2e-reduction to the dianions, it exhibits very high electrochemical amphotericity. This character with a record-small span for not only the first oxidation and reduction potentials but also the second those, [E1 sum≈E2 sum=E2 ox-E2 red=ca. 1.4 V], is attained through thermally enhanced conversion to the biradical form from the corresponding quinoid form, the latter of which is less amphoteric due to higher Eox and lower Ered values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugawara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takumi Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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3
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Harimoto T, Tadokoro T, Sugiyama S, Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y. Domino-Redox Reaction Induced by An Electrochemically Triggered Conformational Change. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316753. [PMID: 37971082 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a domino-type reaction has been applied in a wide range of fields such as synthetic organic chemistry, material engineering, and life science. To extend the domino concept to redox chemistry, we designed and synthesized a dimeric quinodimethane (QD) with a nonplanar dithiin spacer. The domino-redox properties can be activated by raising the temperature, based on a thermally equilibrated twisted conformation of QD, which has a higher HOMO level that is more readily oxidized. After one QD unit is oxidized (trigger), steric repulsion and electronic interaction between electrophores make the neighboring QD unit adopt a twisted conformation (domino process), which facilitates the following oxidation. Thus, a domino-redox reaction was achieved for the first time by a change in the HOMO level due to a drastic change in the molecular conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Harimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tadokoro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Soichiro Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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4
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Yan M, Hou L, Deng X, Shi X, Jiang F, Wang M. Anthraquinodimethane-Based Molecular Switches Tethered by Four-Arm Star-like Polymers. Chemistry 2023:e202303740. [PMID: 38149886 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Molecular switches that reversibly change their structures and physical properties are important for applications such as sensing and information processing at molecular scales. In order to avoid the intermolecular aggregation that is often detrimental to the stimuli-responses of molecular switches, previous studies of molecular switches have been often conducted in dilute solutions which are difficult for applications in solid-state devices. Here we report molecular design and synthesis that integrates anthraquinodimethane as molecular switching units into polymers with amenable processibility in solid states. Optical and electron spin resonance characterizations indicate that the four-arm polymers of poly(ϵ-caprolactone) or poly(D,L-lactide) tethered from anthraquinodimethane slow down the dynamics of the conformational switching between the folded and the twisted conformations, enhance the photoluminescence in solid states and impart materials with a small energy gap from singlet ground state to thermally accessible triplet state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Yan
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Liman Hou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Xianjun Deng
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Mingfeng Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
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Ishigaki Y, Harimoto T, Shimajiri T, Suzuki T. Carbon-based Biradicals: Structural and Magnetic Switching. Chem Rev 2023; 123:13952-13965. [PMID: 37948658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Sterically hindered C═C double bonds often deform into a bent or twisted geometry. Thus, many overcrowded ethylenes or anthraquinodimethanes can adopt multiple conformations, such as a folded form or a twisted form, which are interconvertible under the application of external stimuli. A perpendicular form with biradical character can also be adopted when designed to incorporate a stable carbon-based radical unit, which is involved in stimuli-responsive magnetic switching accompanied by a structural change. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of such strained π-electron systems and reveals the factors that affect the mutual interconversion and switching behavior. The energy barrier for the interconversion of conformational isomers is affected by the tricyclic skeleton or bulky substituents on the C═C double bonds, whereas the relative stability of the perpendicular biradical form increases with the additional insertion of 9,10-anthrylene units into the C═C double bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takashi Harimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takuya Shimajiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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6
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Iwamoto T, Sotome Y, Ishii Y. Binuclear Complexes Supported by a Tetrapyridyl Ligand with a Bending Anthraquinodimethane Linker. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:305-311. [PMID: 37810407 PMCID: PMC10557120 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A tetrapyridyl ligand with a bending anthraquinodimethane linker has been synthesized, and its complexation with coinage metals has been examined. The treatment of the ligand with Ag(I) and Au(I) cations afforded binuclear complexes, wherein the two metal centers were in close proximity to the inside space of the ligand. X-ray analyses corroborated with theoretical calculations indicated that the ligand has reasonable flexibility toward a bending deformation of the linker moiety to provide a ligand pocket suitable for the proximal binuclear complexes, even though such deformations accompany a non-negligible amount of energetic cost. On the other hand, treatment with 2 equiv of Cu(I) salt afforded a binuclear complex, in which both copper atoms were coordinated at the periphery of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo
University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yuta Sotome
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo
University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Youichi Ishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo
University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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7
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Harimoto T, Sugai Y, Sugawara K, Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y. Double Dynamic Structural Change Enabling Tricolor Chromism by the Realization of Apparent Two-Electron Transfer to Skip the Open-Shell State. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301476. [PMID: 37311709 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most redox systems generally cannot avoid the involvement of open-shell species upon generating multiply charged species, which often reduces reversibility in multi-color electrochromic systems. In this study, we newly synthesized octakis(aminophenyl)-substituted pentacenebisquinodimethane (BQD) derivatives and their hybrids with alkoxyphenyl analogues. Thanks to apparent two-electron transfer accompanied by double dramatic changes in the structure of the arylated quinodimethane skeleton, the dicationic and tetracationic states were generated and isolated quantitatively because of the negligible steady-state concentration of intermediary open-shell species such as monocation or trication radicals. When two electrophores with different donating abilities are attached to the BQD skeleton, a dicationic state with a different color can be isolated in addition to the neutral and tetracationic states. For these tetracations, an interchromophore interaction induces a red-shift of the NIR absorptions, thus realizing tricolor UV/Vis/NIR electrochromic behavior involving only closed-shell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Harimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuka Sugai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugawara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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8
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Harimoto T, Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y. Enhancement of NIR-Absorbing Ability of Bis(diarylmethylium)-Type Dicationic Dyes Based on an Ortho-Substitution Strategy. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203899. [PMID: 36637412 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic systems capable of switching near-infrared (NIR) absorption are fascinating from the viewpoint of applications in the materials and life sciences. Although 11,11,12,12-tetraaryl-9,10-anthraquinodimethanes (AQDs) with a folded form undergo one-stage two-electron oxidation to produce twisted dicationic dyes exhibiting NIR absorption, there is a need to establish a design strategy that can enhance the NIR-absorbing abilities of the corresponding dicationic dyes. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of AQD derivatives with various substituents introduced at the ortho-position(s) of the 4-methoxyphenyl group. X-ray and spectroscopic analyses revealed that NIR-absorbing properties can be changed by introduction of the ortho-substituents. Thus, control of the steric and electronic effects of the ortho-substituents on the 4-methoxyphenyl groups was demonstrated to be an effective strategy for fine-tuning of the HOMO and LUMO levels for neutral AQDs and twisted dications, respectively, resulting in the modification of electrochemical and spectroscopic properties under an "ortho-substitution strategy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Harimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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9
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Ishigaki Y, Fukagawa R, Sugawara K, Harimoto T, Suzuki T. Geometrical and Electronic Structure of Cation Radical Species of Tetraarylanthraquinodimethane: An Intermediate for Unique Electrochromic Behavior. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200914. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Hokkaido University: Hokkaido Daigaku department of chemistry JAPAN
| | | | | | | | - Takanori Suzuki
- Hokkaido University: Hokkaido Daigaku Department of Chemistry Hokkaido UniversityNorth 10, West 8, North-ward 060-0810 Sapporo JAPAN
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10
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Li K, Xu Z, Xu J, Weng T, Chen X, Sato S, Wu J, Sun Z. Overcrowded Ethylene-Bridged Nanohoop Dimers: Regioselective Synthesis, Multiconfigurational Electronic States, and Global Hückel/Möbius Aromaticity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20419-20430. [PMID: 34817177 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design and preparation of molecular systems with multiple geometric and electronic configurations are the cornerstones for multifunctional materials with stimuli-responsive behaviors. We describe here the regioselective and facile synthesis of two types of overcrowded ethylene-bridged nanohoop dimers, with folded and twisted geometric structures as well as closed-shell, diradical and dication electronic structures. The strained nanohoop structures have a profound effect on the overall molecular and electronic configurations, which resulted in the destabilized diradical state. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the folded molecular geometry for the neutral species and twisted geometry for the dication species. The unique molecular dynamics, optical properties, and dynamic redox properties were disclosed in the solution phase by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Furthermore, the global Hückel and Möbius aromaticity were revealed by a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches. Our studies shed light on the design of nanohoop-incorporated multiconfigurational materials with unique topologies and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Taoyu Weng
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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11
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Ishigaki Y, Sugawara K, Tadokoro T, Hayashi Y, Harimoto T, Suzuki T. Redox-active tetraaryldibenzoquinodimethanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7201-7214. [PMID: 34169942 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Quinodimethanes (QDs) are a class of non-aromatic π-conjugated compounds that are well-known to be interconvertible scaffolds in many response systems. While parent ortho- and para-QDs (o-QD and p-QD) can be easily converted to benzocyclobutenes or oligomers/polymers by the formation of C-C bonds at α-positions, the attachment of four phenyl groups to these reactive sites makes o-Ph4QD and p-Ph4QD long-lived. We have demonstrated that further dibenzo-annulation of such tetraaryl QD units also drastically increases their stability, and many tetraarylated dibenzoquinodimethane derivatives have been developed. This Feature Article shows our milestones in creating functional redox systems, where drastic changes in structure occur upon electron transfer (dynamic redox "dyrex" behaviour).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
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12
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Suzuki T, Médebielle M, Hayashi Y, Ishigaki Y, Merad J. 5-Arylidenetetronate as a Versatile Electrophore for Pi-Extended Electron Acceptors. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-s(k)2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Mitsuoka M, Sakamaki D, Fujiwara H. Tetrathiafulvalene-Inserted Diphenoquinone: Synthesis, Structure, and Dynamic Redox Property. Chemistry 2020; 26:14144-14151. [PMID: 32542868 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivative is synthesized, which is substituted with two phenoxy radicals on one 1,3-dithiole ring, and may have either open-shell diradical or closed-shell extended-quinoidal ground states. X-ray single crystal analysis and NMR measurements prove that this molecule has a closed-shell extended quinoidal structure both in the solid state and in solution. DFT calculations show the donor-acceptor electronic properties of this molecule with a well-separated HOMO-LUMO distribution and a small HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Because of this donor-acceptor character, this molecule gives both the dication and the dianion species by electrochemical oxidation and reduction. Furthermore, during the redox process between the neutral and dication states, this molecule exhibits unique changes in the cyclic voltammogram upon repeating the cycles or varying the scan rate. The observed electrochemical behavior is explained by the conformational changes in the electrochemically generated species, thus indicating that this molecule is classified as a dynamic redox system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Mitsuoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
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14
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Jiménez VG, Mayorga-Burrezo P, Blanco V, Lloveras V, Gómez-García CJ, Šolomek T, Cuerva JM, Veciana J, Campaña AG. Dibenzocycloheptatriene as end-group of Thiele and tetrabenzo-Chichibabin hydrocarbons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12813-12816. [PMID: 32966400 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04489j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiele (Th) and tetrabenzo-Chichibabin (TBC) derivatives with terminal dibenzocycloheptatriene (DBHept) units were prepared. A clear correlation between their electronic and molecular structures was stablished. Insights into their closed- or open-shell ground states were gained, where particular contribution of the heptagonal carbocycles as end-groups was proved. Remarkably, a thermally accessible triplet diradical configuration was confirmed for the DBHept-TBC compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente G Jiménez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medio Ambiente, University of Granada (UGR), C. U. Fuentenueva, Granada 18071, Spain.
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15
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Zhang Z, Sun W, Zhang H, Li X, Yu F, Zhu J, Li X, Zhang Q. Butterfly‐like Tetraazaacenequinodimethane Derivatives: Synthesis, Structure and Halochromic Properties. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2198-2202. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Huanxiang Zhang
- College of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xinxiong Li
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fujian 350108 China
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Jia Zhu
- College of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xianggao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
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16
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Nishiuchi T, Ito R, Stratmann E, Kubo T. Switchable Conformational Isomerization of an Overcrowded Tristricyclic Aromatic Ene. J Org Chem 2019; 85:179-186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryuoh Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Erik Stratmann
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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17
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Ishigaki Y, Hayashi Y, Suzuki T. Photo- and Thermal Interconversion of Multiconfigurational Strained Hydrocarbons Exhibiting Completely Switchable Oxidation to Stable Dicationic Dyes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18293-18300. [PMID: 31630518 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly strained hydrocarbons with two di/tribenzocycloheptatriene units were designed as electrochromic overcrowded ethylenes that undergo reversible interconversion with stable dicationic dyes. Due to severe steric repulsion, two configurational isomers (anti,anti-folded and syn,anti-folded forms) were isolated as stable entities. Photo- and thermal interconversion of these isomers proceeded cleanly: one-way photoisomerization occurred from anti,anti- to syn,anti-form and one-way thermal isomerization was observed from syn,anti- to anti,anti-form. Even though both isomers undergo two-electron oxidation into the same twisted dications, quite different oxidation potentials enable completely selective oxidation of syn,anti-isomers. Thus, the present multiconfigurational strained hydrocarbons are capable of switching of activation/deactivation of their electrochromic properties by light/heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
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18
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Ishigaki Y, Sugawara K, Yoshida M, Kato M, Suzuki T. Two-Way Chromic Systems Based on Tetraarylanthraquinodimethanes: Electrochromism in Solution and Mechanofluorochromism in a Solid State. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugawara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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19
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Ko F, Hirabayashi K, Shimizu T, Sugiura KI. Molecular structure of 9,10-bis[bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)methylene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene: A butterfly-shaped Thiele's hydrocarbon derivative. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Narrower HOMO-LUMO gap attained by conformational switching through peripheral polyarylation in 1,4,5,8-tetraaza-9,10-anthraquinodimethanes. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Suzuki T, Umezawa Y, Sakano Y, Tamaoki H, Katoono R, Fujiwara K. Reversible Interconversion between 11,11,12,12-Tetraaryl-1,4-diaza/-1,4,5,8-tetraazaanthraquinodimethanes and Their Cationic Species: Electrochromic and Halochromic Responses. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Yu Umezawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Yuto Sakano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Hitomi Tamaoki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Kenshu Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
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22
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Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y, Kawai H, Katoono R, Fujiwara K. Bis(diarylethenyl)thiophene, -bithiophene, and -terthiophene: A New Series of Violene-Cyanine Hybrid-Type Electron Donors. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-s(k)33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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