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Ishikawa H, Demise A, Kitagawa Y, Shinozaki Y, Kinoshita Y, Tamiaki H. Difluoroboron complexes of peripheral β-diketonates in cyclopheophorbides: Their syntheses and optical properties. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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2
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Pirzada BM, Dar AH, Shaikh MN, Qurashi A. Reticular-Chemistry-Inspired Supramolecule Design as a Tool to Achieve Efficient Photocatalysts for CO 2 Reduction. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29291-29324. [PMID: 34778605 PMCID: PMC8581999 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction into C1 products is one of the most trending research subjects of current times as sustainable energy generation is the utmost need of the hour. In this review, we have tried to comprehensively summarize the potential of supramolecule-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction into C1 compounds. At the outset, we have thrown light on the inert nature of gaseous CO2 and the various challenges researchers are facing in its reduction. The evolution of photocatalysts used for CO2 reduction, from heterogeneous catalysis to supramolecule-based molecular catalysis, and subsequent semiconductor-supramolecule hybrid catalysis has been thoroughly discussed. Since CO2 is thermodynamically a very stable molecule, a huge reduction potential is required to undergo its one- or multielectron reduction. For this reason, various supramolecule photocatalysts were designed involving a photosensitizer unit and a catalyst unit connected by a linker. Later on, solid semiconductor support was also introduced in this supramolecule system to achieve enhanced durability, structural compactness, enhanced charge mobility, and extra overpotential for CO2 reduction. Reticular chemistry is seen to play a pivotal role as it allows bringing all of the positive features together from various components of this hybrid semiconductor-supramolecule photocatalyst system. Thus, here in this review, we have discussed the selection and role of various components, viz. the photosensitizer component, the catalyst component, the linker, the semiconductor support, the anchoring ligands, and the peripheral ligands for the design of highly performing CO2 reduction photocatalysts. The selection and role of various sacrificial electron donors have also been highlighted. This review is aimed to help researchers reach an understanding that may translate into the development of excellent CO2 reduction photocatalysts that are operational under visible light and possess superior activity, efficiency, and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Masood Pirzada
- Department
of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology (KU), Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emiratus
- ,
| | - Arif Hassan Dar
- Institute
of NanoScience and Technology (INST), Mohali 160062, India
| | - M. Nasiruzzaman Shaikh
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahsanulhaq Qurashi
- Department
of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology (KU), Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emiratus
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Kuramochi Y, Satake A. Photocatalytic CO 2 Reductions Catalyzed by meso-(1,10-Phenanthrolin-2-yl)-Porphyrins Having a Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complex. Chemistry 2020; 26:16365-16373. [PMID: 32726503 PMCID: PMC7756820 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared Zn and free-base porphyrins appended with a fac-Re(phen)(CO)3 Br (where phen is 1,10-phenanthroline) at the meso position of the porphyrin, and performed photocatalytic CO2 reduction using porphyrin-Re dyads in the presence of either triethylamine (TEA) or 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIH) as an electron donor. The Zn porphyrin dyad showed a high turnover number for CO production compared with the free-base porphyrin dyad, suggesting that the central Zn ion of porphyrin plays an important role in suppressing electron accumulation on the porphyrin part and achieving high durability of the photocatalytic CO2 reduction using both TEA and BIH. The effect of acids on the CO2 reduction was investigated using the Zn porphyrin-Re dyad and BIH. Acetic acid, a relatively strong Brønsted acid, rapidly causes the porphyrin's color to fade upon irradiation and dramatically decreases CO production, whereas proper weak Brønsted acids such as 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and phenol enhance the CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kuramochi
- Graduate School of ScienceTokyo University of Science1–3 KagurazakaShinjuku-kuTokyo162-8601Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division IITokyo University of Science1–3 KagurazakaShinjuku-kuTokyo162-8601Japan
| | - Akiharu Satake
- Graduate School of ScienceTokyo University of Science1–3 KagurazakaShinjuku-kuTokyo162-8601Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division IITokyo University of Science1–3 KagurazakaShinjuku-kuTokyo162-8601Japan
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4
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Yu H, Haviv E, Neumann R. Visible‐Light Photochemical Reduction of CO
2
to CO Coupled to Hydrocarbon Dehydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6219-6223. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Yu
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Eynat Haviv
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Ronny Neumann
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
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Yu H, Haviv E, Neumann R. Visible‐Light Photochemical Reduction of CO
2
to CO Coupled to Hydrocarbon Dehydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Yu
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Eynat Haviv
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Ronny Neumann
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
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6
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La Porte NT, Moravec DB, Schaller RD, Hopkins MD. Light-Driven Redox Activation of CO2- and H2-Activating Complexes in a Self-Assembled Triad. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10980-10989. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. La Porte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Davis B. Moravec
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Richard D. Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Michael D. Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Yamazaki Y, Ohkubo K, Saito D, Yatsu T, Tamaki Y, Tanaka S, Koike K, Onda K, Ishitani O. Kinetics and Mechanism of Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Ru(II)-Re(I) Supramolecular CO 2-Reduction Photocatalysts: Effects of Bridging Ligands. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11480-11492. [PMID: 31418554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular photocatalysts in which a Ru(II) complex as a molecular redox photosensitizer unit and a Re(I) complex as a molecular catalyst unit are connected with a various alkyl or ether chain have attracted attention because they can efficiently photocatalyze CO2 reduction with high durability and high selectivity of CO formation, especially on various solid materials such as semiconductor electrodes and mesoporous organosilica. The intramolecular electron transfer from the one-electron reduced photosensitizer unit to the catalyst unit, which follows excitation of the photosensitizer unit and subsequent reductive quenching of the excited photosensitizer unit by a reductant, is one of the most important processes in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. We succeeded in determining the rate constants of this intramolecular electron transfer process by using subnanosecond time-resolved IR spectroscopy. The logarithm of rate constants shows a linear relationship with the lengths of the bridging chain in the supramolecular photocatalysts with one bridging alkyl or ether chain. In conformity with the exponential decay of the wave function and the coupling element in the long-distance electron transfer, the apparent decay coefficient factor (β) in the supramolecular photocatalysts with one bridging chain was determined to be 0.74 Å-1. In the supramolecular photocatalyst with two ethylene chains connecting between the photosensitizer and catalyst units, on the other hand, the intramolecular electron transfer rate is much faster than that with only one ethylene chain. These results strongly indicate that the intramolecular electron transfer from the one-electron reduced species of the Ru photosensitizer unit to the Re catalyst unit proceeds by the through-bond mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Daiki Saito
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Taiki Yatsu
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Sei'ichi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Kazuhide Koike
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 16-1 Onogawa , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8569 , Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- Department of Chemistry , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka , 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
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8
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Reaction mechanisms of catalytic photochemical CO2 reduction using Re(I) and Ru(II) complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Won DI, Lee JS, Ba Q, Cho YJ, Cheong HY, Choi S, Kim CH, Son HJ, Pac C, Kang SO. Development of a Lower Energy Photosensitizer for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: Modification of Porphyrin Dye in Hybrid Catalyst System. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Il Won
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Jong-Su Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Qiankai Ba
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Yang-Jin Cho
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Sunghan Choi
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Chyongjin Pac
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Sang Ook Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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11
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Haviv E, Shimon LJW, Neumann R. Photochemical Reduction of CO2
with Visible Light Using a Polyoxometalate as Photoreductant. Chemistry 2016; 23:92-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eynat Haviv
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Linda J. W. Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Ronny Neumann
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
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12
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Yamazaki Y, Umemoto A, Ishitani O. Photochemical Hydrogenation of π-Conjugated Bridging Ligands in Photofunctional Multinuclear Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11110-11124. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Akinari Umemoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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13
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Kinoshita Y, Kitagawa Y, Tamiaki H. Enhancement of Light Absorption Ability of Synthetic Chlorophyll Derivatives by Conjugation with a Difluoroboron Diketonate Group. Chemistry 2016; 22:9996-10001. [PMID: 27304201 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of the light absorption ability of synthetic chlorophyll derivatives is demonstrated. Chlorophyll derivatives directly conjugated with a difluoroboron 1,3-diketonate group at the C3 position were synthesized from methyl pyropheophorbide-d through Barbier acylmethylation of the C3-formyl moiety, oxidation of the C3-carbinol, and difluoroboron complexation of the diketonate. Electronic absorption spectra in a diluted solution showed that the synthetic conjugates gave an absorption band at λ=400-500 nm, with a Qy band shifted to a longer wavelength of λ≈700 nm. DFT calculations demonstrated that the absorption bands and redshifts were ascribable to the coupling of the LUMO of chlorin with that of the difluoroboron diketonate moiety. The introduction of a pyrenyl group at the C3(3) -position of the conjugate afforded an additional charge-transfer band over λ=500 nm, producing a pigment that bridged the green gap in standard chlorophylls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitagawa
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13 West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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14
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Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using metal complexes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Windle CD, George MW, Perutz RN, Summers PA, Sun XZ, Whitwood AC. Comparison of rhenium-porphyrin dyads for CO 2 photoreduction: photocatalytic studies and charge separation dynamics studied by time-resolved IR spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6847-6864. [PMID: 29861927 PMCID: PMC5947513 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a study of the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO by zinc porphyrins covalently linked to [ReI(2,2'-bipyridine)(CO)3L]+/0 moieties with visible light of wavelength >520 nm. Dyad 1 contains an amide C6H4NHC(O) link from porphyrin to bipyridine (Bpy), Dyad 2 contains an additional methoxybenzamide within the bridge C6H4NHC(O)C6H3(OMe)NHC(O), while Dyad 3 has a saturated bridge C6H4NHC(O)CH2; each dyad is studied with either L = Br or 3-picoline. The syntheses, spectroscopic characterisation and cyclic voltammetry of Dyad 3 Br and [Dyad 3 pic]OTf are described. The photocatalytic performance of [Dyad 3 pic]OTf in DMF/triethanolamine (5 : 1) is approximately an order of magnitude better than [Dyad 1 pic]PF6 or [Dyad 2 pic]OTf in turnover frequency and turnover number, reaching a turnover number of 360. The performance of the dyads with Re-Br units is very similar to that of the dyads with [Re-pic]+ units in spite of the adverse free energy of electron transfer. The dyads undergo reactions during photocatalysis: hydrogenation of the porphyrin to form chlorin and isobacteriochlorin units is detected by visible absorption spectroscopy, while IR spectroscopy reveals replacement of the axial ligand by a triethanolaminato group and insertion of CO2 into the latter to form a carbonate. Time-resolved IR spectra of [Dyad 2 pic]OTf and [Dyad 3 pic]OTf (560 nm excitation in CH2Cl2) demonstrated electron transfer from porphyrin to Re(Bpy) units resulting in a shift of ν(CO) bands to low wavenumbers. The rise time of the charge-separated species for [Dyad 3 pic]OTf is longest at 8 (±1) ps and its lifetime is also the longest at 320 (±15) ps. The TRIR spectra of Dyad 1 Br and Dyad 2 Br are quite different showing a mixture of 3MLCT, IL and charge-separated excited states. In the case of Dyad 3 Br, the charge-separated state is absent altogether. The TRIR spectra emphasize the very different excited states of the bromide complexes and the picoline complexes. Thus, the similarity of the photocatalytic data for bromide and picoline dyads suggests that they share common intermediates. Most likely, these involve hydrogenation of the porphyrin and substitution of the axial ligand at rhenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Windle
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington , York , YO10 5DD , UK .
| | - Michael W George
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , The University of Nottingham Ningbo China , Ningbo , 315100 , China
| | - Robin N Perutz
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington , York , YO10 5DD , UK .
| | - Peter A Summers
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , The University of Nottingham Ningbo China , Ningbo , 315100 , China
| | - Xue Zhong Sun
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington , York , YO10 5DD , UK .
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16
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Unique photophysical properties of chlorophyll derivatives linked with CO 2 -reducing moiety along the Qy axis. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Kitagawa Y, Ogasawara S, Kosumi D, Hashimoto H, Tamiaki H. Photophysical Properties of Chlorophyll Derivatives Linked with Rhenium Bipyridine Complexes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Shin Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Daisuke Kosumi
- The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA)
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA)
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