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Ke MR, Chen Z, Shi J, Wei Y, Liu H, Huang S, Li X, Zheng BY, Huang JD. A smart and visible way to switch the aromaticity of silicon(IV) phthalocyanines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9832-9835. [PMID: 37505224 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02910g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Unlike traditional methods of modifying phthalocyanines (Pcs), we herein report a smart and visible way to switch the aromaticity of silicon(IV) phthalocyanines via a reversible nucleophilic addition reaction of the Pc skeleton induced by alkalis and acids, leading to an interesting allochroism phenomenon and the switching of photosensitive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Rong Ke
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Jie Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Ying Wei
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Hao Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Shuping Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Xingshu Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Bi-Yuan Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Göksel M, Durmuş M, Biyiklioglu Z. Synthesis and photodynamic activities of novel silicon(iv) phthalocyanines axially substituted with water soluble groups against HeLa cancer cell line. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2570-2584. [PMID: 33522544 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03858j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, compounds 1 and 2, and their silicon(iv) phthalocyanine (SiPc) derivatives 3 and 4, which bear these ligands as substituents on the axial positions were synthesized. These SiPcs (3 and 4) were also converted to their water soluble derivatives (3a and 4a). All these novel compounds were fully characterized by a combination of spectroscopic data such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and UV-vis as well as mass spectroscopy. The photophysicochemical properties (fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, singlet oxygen, and photodegradation quantum yields) were investigated in DMSO for all the studied SiPcs (3 and 4) and in both DMSO and aqueous solutions for the water soluble SiPcs (3a and 4a). Effects of quaternization of these phthalocyanines on photophysicochemical properties were also determined. The photodynamic therapy activities of the water soluble SiPcs (3a and 4a) were tested against to the HeLa cancer cell lines and these phthalocyanines exhibited cytotoxicity against these cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Göksel
- Kocaeli University, Department of Chemistry, Umuttepe, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Al-Raqa SY, Khezami K, Kaya EN, Kocak A, Durmuş M. Experimental and theoretical investigation of water-soluble silicon(IV) phthalocyanine and its interaction with bovine serum albumin. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:235-247. [PMID: 33558997 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has drawn a great scientific attention to cancer treatment over the last decades. However, the bottleneck for the PDT is to find good photosensitizers (PSs) with greater water solubility, no aggregation, and fast discharge from the body. Therefore, there are still a big scientific desire for the synthesizing new rational PSs for treatment of cancer by PDT technique. In favor of improving the competence of PDT, an axially bis[4-(diphenylamino-1,1'-biphenyl-4-ol)] substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanine (3) was converted to its water-soluble quaternized derivative (3Q). Their structures were fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and different spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, UV-Vis, MALDI-TOF, and 1H-NMR. The photophysical properties such as fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, and the photochemical properties such as singlet oxygen generation of both phthalocyanines were investigated. Ground and excited-state calculations were performed to explain the observed electronic absorption spectra. The addition of the 4-diphenylamino-1,1'-biphenyl-4-ol groups on the axially positions of the silicon(IV) phthalocyanine increased the singlet oxygen quantum yield from 0.15 to around 0.20. Especially quaternized compound 3Q showed high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.26 in water solution. In addition, a spectroscopic investigation of the binding behavior of the quaternized silicon (IV) phthalocyanine complex to bovine serum albumin (BSA) is also studied in this work, confirming the possible interaction. Further theoretical calculations were carried out to find out the plausible-binding regions of the BSA protein. Axially bis[4-(diphenylamino-1,1'-biphenyl-4-ol)] substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanine (3) was converted to its quaternized water soluble derivative (3Q). The photophysical properties such as fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, and the photochemical properties such as singlet oxygen generation of both phthalocyanines were investigated. In addition, a spectroscopic investigation of the binding behavior of the quaternized silicon (IV) phthalocyanine complex to bovine serum albumin (BSA) is also studied in this work, confirming the possible interaction. Further theoretical calculations were carried out to find out the plausible binding regions of the BSA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaya Y Al-Raqa
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O Box 344, Al-Madinah Al Munawrah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaoula Khezami
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Faculty of Science of Bizert, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Esra N Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Kocak
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Tumor-selective new piperazine-fragmented silicon phthalocyanines initiate cell death in breast cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 216:112143. [PMID: 33550219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A new silicon phthalocyanine with piperazine-furan ring and its quaternized form were synthesized. All compounds were analyzed by spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, MS, and UV-vis), and the absorbance characteristics of silicon phthalocyanines were evaluated with the expected strong typical absorption bands in the far-red spectrum. The cytotoxic effects of these phthalocyanines induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) were determined in a dose-dependent manner. Following cytotoxicity analysis, flow cytometric research of cell death was performed. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by confocal microscopy. High levels of cytotoxicity and decreased viable cell population have been detected in cancer cells after treatment. In addition, ROS formation was observed in PDT treated cancer cells. However, low levels of cell death and ROS formation were observed in non-tumorigenic cells. According to western blot data, PDT-mediated treatment was found to provide different expression patterns of the cleaved PARP1 protein. The presented study demonstrates that PDT-mediated treatment of newly synthesized phthalocyanines has significant anti-cancer effects on breast cancer cells and may induce different cell death pathways.
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A non-aggregated silicon(IV) phthalocyanine-lactose conjugate for photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127164. [PMID: 32291134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To develop a highly efficient photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT), we have designed and synthesized a phthalocyanine-lactose conjugate (Pc-Lac) through axial modification of silicon(IV) phthalocyanine with lactose moieties. With the lactose substituents, Pc-Lac is highly hydrophilic and non-aggregated with efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in aqueous media. With these desirable properties, Pc-Lac shows high photocytotoxicity and cellular uptake toward HepG2 cells. In addition, in vivo fluorescence imaging shows that Pc-Lac could selectively remain at tumor site, leading to its enhanced photodynamic efficacy against H22 tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, Pc-Lac shows a great potential as a highly efficient molecular photosensitizer for PDT.
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Li K, Qiu L, Liu Q, Lv G, Zhao X, Wang S, Lin J. Conjugate of biotin with silicon(IV) phthalocyanine for tumor-targeting photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 174:243-250. [PMID: 28802175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT), biotin was axially conjugated with silicon(IV) phthalocyanine (SiPc) skeleton to develop a new tumor-targeting photosensitizer SiPc-biotin. The target compound SiPc-biotin showed much higher binding affinity toward BR-positive (biotin receptor overexpressed) HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells than its precursor SiPc-pip. However, when the biotin receptors of HeLa cells were blocked by free biotin, >50% uptake of SiPc-biotin was suppressed, demonstrating that SiPc-biotin could selectively accumulate in BR-positive cancer cells via the BR-mediated internalization. The confocal fluorescence images further confirmed the target binding ability of SiPc-biotin. As a consequence of specificity of SiPc-biotin toward BR-positive HeLa cells, the photodynamic effect was also largely dependent on the BR expression level of HeLa cells. The photodynamic activities of SiPc-biotin against HeLa cells were dramatically reduced when the biotin receptors were blocked by the free biotin (IC50: 0.18μM vs. 0.46μM). It is concluded that SiPc-biotin can selectively damage BR-positive cancer cells under irradiation. Furthermore, the dark toxicity of SiPc-biotin toward human normal liver cell lines LO2 was much lower than that of its precursor SiPc-pip. The targeting photodynamic activity and low dark toxicity suggest that SiPc-biotin is a promising photosensitizer for tumor-targeting photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China.
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Gaochao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Xueyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China.
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Folic acid conjugates with photosensitizers for cancer targeting in photodynamic therapy: Synthesis and photophysical properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Peng XH, Chen SF, Zheng BY, Zheng BD, Zheng QF, Li XS, Ke MR, Huang JD. Comparison between amine-terminated phthalocyanines and their chlorambucil conjugates: Synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and in vitro anticancer activity. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zheng BY, Shen XM, Zhao DM, Cai YB, Ke MR, Huang JD. Silicon(IV) phthalocyanines substituted axially with different nucleoside moieties. Effects of nucleoside type on the photosensitizing efficiencies and in vitro photodynamic activities. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 159:196-204. [PMID: 27085051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of new silicon(IV) phthalocyanines (SiPcs) di-substituted axially with different nucleoside moieties have been synthesized and evaluated for their singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) and in vitro photodynamic activities. The adenosine-substituted SiPc shows a lower photosensitizing efficiency (ΦΔ=0.35) than the uridine- and cytidine-substituted analogs (ΦΔ=0.42-0.44), while the guanosine-substituted SiPc exhibits a weakest singlet oxygen generation efficiency with a ΦΔ value down to 0.03. On the other hand, replacing axial adenosines with chloro-modified adenosines and purines can result in the increase of photogenerating singlet oxygen efficiencies of SiPcs. The formed SiPcs 1 and 2, which contain monochloro-modified adenosines and dichloro-modified purines respectively, appear as efficient photosensitizers with ΦΔ of 0.42-0.44. Both compounds 1 and 2 present high photocytotoxicities against HepG2 and BGC823 cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 9nM to 33nM. The photocytotoxicities of these two compounds are remarkably higher than the well-known anticancer photosensitizer, chlorin e6 (IC50=752nM against HepG2 cells) in the same condition. As revealed by confocal microscopy, for both cell lines, compound 1 can essentially bind to mitochondria, while compound 2 is just partially localized in mitochondria. In addition, the two compounds induce cell death of HepG2 cells likely through apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Yuan Zheng
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiao-Min Shen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhao
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yi-Bin Cai
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Mei-Rong Ke
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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