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Gonzalez-Garcia MC, Garcia-Fernandez E, Hueso JL, Paulo PMR, Orte A. Optical Binding-Driven Micropatterning and Photosculpting with Silver Nanorods. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300076. [PMID: 37226694 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the nano- and micropatterning of metal structures is an important requirement for various technological applications in photonics and biosensing. This work presents a method for controllably creating silver micropatterns by laser-induced photosculpting. Photosculpting is driven by plasmonic interactions between pulsed laser radiation and silver nanorods (AgNRs) in aqueous suspension; this process leads to optical binding forces transporting the AgNRs in the surroundings, while electronic thermalization results in photooxidation, melting, and ripening of the AgNRs into well-defined 3D structures. This work call these structures Airy castles due to their structural similarity with a diffraction-limited Airy disk. The photosculpted Airy castles contain emissive Ag nanoclusters, allowing for the visualization and examination of the aggregation process using luminescence microscopy. This work comprehensively examines the factors that define the photosculpting process, namely, the concentration and shape of the AgNRs, as well as the energy, power, and repetition rate of the laser. Finally, this work investigates the potential applications by measuring the metal-enhanced luminescence of a europium-based luminophore using Airy castles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Gonzalez-Garcia
- Nanoscopy-UGR Laboratory, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Emilio Garcia-Fernandez
- Nanoscopy-UGR Laboratory, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose L Hueso
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Res. Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro M R Paulo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Angel Orte
- Nanoscopy-UGR Laboratory, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Jurczyk J, Pillatsch L, Berger L, Priebe A, Madajska K, Kapusta C, Szymańska IB, Michler J, Utke I. In Situ Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry of Ionic Fragments Induced by Focused Electron Beam Irradiation: Investigation of Electron Driven Surface Chemistry inside an SEM under High Vacuum. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2710. [PMID: 35957140 PMCID: PMC9370286 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in nanoprinting using focused electron beams have created a need to develop analysis methods for the products of electron-induced fragmentation of different metalorganic compounds. The original approach used here is termed focused-electron-beam-induced mass spectrometry (FEBiMS). FEBiMS enables the investigation of the fragmentation of electron-sensitive materials during irradiation within the typical primary electron beam energy range of a scanning electron microscope (0.5 to 30 keV) and high vacuum range. The method combines a typical scanning electron microscope with an ion-extractor-coupled mass spectrometer setup collecting the charged fragments generated by the focused electron beam when impinging on the substrate material. The FEBiMS of fragments obtained during 10 keV electron irradiation of grains of silver and copper carboxylates and shows that the carboxylate ligand dissociates into many smaller volatile fragments. Furthermore, in situ FEBiMS was performed on carbonyls of ruthenium (solid) and during electron-beam-induced deposition, using tungsten carbonyl (inserted via a gas injection system). Loss of carbonyl ligands was identified as the main channel of dissociation for electron irradiation of these carbonyl compounds. The presented results clearly indicate that FEBiMS analysis can be expanded to organic, inorganic, and metal organic materials used in resist lithography, ice (cryo-)lithography, and focused-electron-beam-induced deposition and becomes, thus, a valuable versatile analysis tool to study both fundamental and process parameters in these nanotechnology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jurczyk
- Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Lex Pillatsch
- TOFWERK AG, Schorenstrasse 39, CH-3645 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Berger
- Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Priebe
- Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Madajska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Czesław Kapusta
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona B. Szymańska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Johann Michler
- Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Utke
- Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
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Berger L, Jurczyk J, Madajska K, Szymańska IB, Hoffmann P, Utke I. Room Temperature Direct Electron Beam Lithography in a Condensed Copper Carboxylate. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:580. [PMID: 34065297 PMCID: PMC8161174 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution metallic nanostructures can be fabricated with multistep processes, such as electron beam lithography or ice lithography. The gas-assisted direct-write technique known as focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) is more versatile than the other candidates. However, it suffers from low throughput. This work presents the combined approach of FEBID and the above-mentioned lithography techniques: direct electron beam lithography (D-EBL). A low-volatility copper precursor is locally condensed onto a room temperature substrate and acts as a positive tone resist. A focused electron beam then directly irradiates the desired patterns, leading to local molecule dissociation. By rinsing or sublimation, the non-irradiated precursor is removed, leaving copper-containing structures. Deposits were formed with drastically enhanced growth rates than FEBID, and their composition was found to be comparable to gas-assisted FEBID structures. The influence of electron scattering within the substrate as well as implementing a post-purification protocol were studied. The latter led to the agglomeration of high-purity copper crystals. We present this as a new approach to electron beam-induced fabrication of metallic nanostructures without the need for cryogenic or hot substrates. D-EBL promises fast and easy fabrication results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Berger
- Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, 3602 Thun, Switzerland; (L.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Jakub Jurczyk
- Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, 3602 Thun, Switzerland; (L.B.); (J.J.)
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Madajska
- Department of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (K.M.); (I.B.S.)
| | - Iwona B. Szymańska
- Department of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (K.M.); (I.B.S.)
| | - Patrik Hoffmann
- Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, 3602 Thun, Switzerland;
| | - Ivo Utke
- Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, 3602 Thun, Switzerland; (L.B.); (J.J.)
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Dias ET, Gill SK, Liu Y, Halstenberg P, Dai S, Huang J, Mausz J, Gakhar R, Phillips WC, Mahurin S, Pimblott SM, Wishart JF, Frenkel AI. Radiation-Assisted Formation of Metal Nanoparticles in Molten Salts. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:157-164. [PMID: 33320682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of structural and thermal properties of molten salts is crucial for understanding and predicting their stability in many applications such as thermal energy storage and nuclear energy systems. Probing the behavior of metal contaminants in molten salts is presently limited to either foreign ionic species or metal nanocrystals added to the melt. To bridge the gap between these two end states and follow the nucleation and growth of metal species in molten salt environment in situ, we use synchrotron X-rays as both a source of solvated electrons for reducing Ni2+ ions added to ZnCl2 melt and as an atomic-level probe for detecting formation of zerovalent Ni nanoparticles. By combining extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis with X-ray absorption near edge structure modeling, we obtained the average size and structure of the nanoparticles and proposed a radiation-induced reduction mechanism of metal ions in molten salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine T Dias
- Nuclear Science and Technology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Simerjeet K Gill
- Nuclear Science and Technology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Phillip Halstenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Julia Mausz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München 80539, Germany
| | - Ruchi Gakhar
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | | | - Shannon Mahurin
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Simon M Pimblott
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - James F Wishart
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Anatoly I Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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Oikawa S, Minamimoto H, Li X, Murakoshi K. Nanoscale control of plasmon-active metal nanodimer structures via electrochemical metal dissolution reaction. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:045702. [PMID: 29189202 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9e78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the control of the optical properties of metal nanodimer structures using electrochemical metal dissolution reactions. The reaction rate could be precisely tuned by changing the electrochemical potential and, as a consequence, fine tuning of the size and gap distance of metal nanodimers was achieved as the functions of applied potential and polarization time. The observed linear correlation between the scattering intensity and charge resulting from nanostructure dissolutions suggested that the surface dissolution rate was 0.30 nm min-1, corresponding to the surface dissolution of a single atomic layer per min. The present method can control the change in the volume of the structures, leading to the change in the gap distance of nanodimers at an atomic-scale level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Oikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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Aflori M. Chitosan-based Silver Nanoparticles Incorporated at the Surface of Plasma-treated PHB Films. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Aflori
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. GhicaVoda 41A, Iasi-700487, Romania
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