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Kubota Y, Fukuzumi J, Saito K, Yamada T. Experimental Investigation of Microwave-Specific Effect on Nazarov Cyclization. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubota
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Junichiro Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kodai Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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Microwaves reduce water refractive index. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11562. [PMID: 35799049 PMCID: PMC9262909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwaves, long used as a convenient household appliance, have been increasingly used in industrial processes such as organic synthesis and oil processing. It has been proposed that microwaves can enhance these chemical processes via a non-thermal effect. Here we report the instantaneous effect of microwaves on the permittivity and phase velocity of light in water through the in-situ measurement of changes in refractive index. Microwave irradiation was found to reduce the water refractive index (RI) sharply. The reduction increased as a function of microwave power to a far greater extent than expected from the change in temperature. The phase velocity of light in water increases up to ~ 5% (RI of 1.27) during microwave irradiation. Upon stopping irradiation, the return to the equilibrium RI was delayed by up to 30 min. Our measurement shows that microwaves have a profound non-thermal and long-lasting effect on the properties of water. Further investigation is planned to verify if the observed RI reduction is restricted to the region near the surface or deep inside water bulk. The observation suggests a relationship between microwave-induced and the enhanced aqueous reactions.
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Kubota Y, Kawanori T, Sawada T, Saito K, Yamada T. Microwave-specific Enhancement of Nazarov Cyclization. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubota
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kawanori
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taichi Sawada
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kodai Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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Frasso MA, Stiegman AE, Dudley GB. Microwave-specific acceleration of a retro-Diels-Alder reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11247-11250. [PMID: 32820765 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04584e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A high-temperature retro-Diels-Alder reaction is accelerated by microwave (MW) heating to rates higher than expected based on Arrhenius kinetics and the measured temperature of the reaction mixture. Observations are consistent with selective MW heating of the polar reactant relative to other, less polar components of the reaction mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Frasso
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Albert E Stiegman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gregory B Dudley
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Fernández GA, Schiel MA, Silbestri GF. On the catalytic activation of water-soluble NHC-Au(I) complexes by sonication and microwave irradiation: A comparative assessment. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bhat AH, Alavi S, Grover HK. Tandem Carbenoid C-H Functionalization/Conia-ene Cyclization of N-Propargyl Indoles Generates Pyrroloindoles under Cooperative Rh(II)/Zn(II) Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:224-229. [PMID: 31854993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition of diazodicarbonyl compounds in the presence of various metal catalysts has become a reliable method for the functionalization of indoles via carbenoid intermediates. Exploiting the nucleophilic reactivity of the in situ generated malonic ester product formed, we herein report a tandem C-H functionalization/Conia-ene cyclization of N-alkyne tethered indoles. This double functionalization of diazodicarbonyls generates a range of pyrrolo[1,2-a]-, pyrido[1,2-a]-, and azepino[1,2-a]indole products with good synthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabid H Bhat
- Department of Chemistry , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , Newfoundland A1B 3X7 , Canada
| | - Sima Alavi
- Department of Chemistry , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , Newfoundland A1B 3X7 , Canada
| | - Huck K Grover
- Department of Chemistry , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , Newfoundland A1B 3X7 , Canada
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Verma GK, Rawat M, Rawat DS. Cobalt-Catalysed C-C Bond Formation and [2+2+2] Annulation of 1,3-Dicarbonyls to Terminal Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manish Rawat
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi - 110 007 India
| | - Diwan S. Rawat
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi - 110 007 India
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Nishimoto Y, Yazawa S, Kiyokawa K, Kajiki T, Tsukahara Y, Yamauchi T, Wada Y, Baba A, Yasuda M. Effect of Functional Groups in Organic Chlorides on Radical Reduction with Hydrostannane under Microwave Irradiation. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nishimoto
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Center for Open Innovation Research and Education (COiRE), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
| | - Satoshi Yazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
| | - Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
| | - Takahito Kajiki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
| | - Yasunori Tsukahara
- Microwave Chemical Co., Ltd., Techno Alliance 3F, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
| | - Tomohisa Yamauchi
- Microwave Chemical Co., Ltd., Techno Alliance 3F, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
| | - Yuji Wada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550
| | - Akio Baba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
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Sawada T, Tashima S, Saito K, Yamada T. Microwave Enhancement on Ring-closing Metathesis of Macrocyclic Bisazole. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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