1
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Zhao J, Xu J, Huang H, Wang K, Wu D, Jasti R, Xia J. Appending Coronene Diimide with Carbon Nanohoops Allows for Rapid Intersystem Crossing in Neat Film. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400941. [PMID: 38458974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of innovative triplet materials plays a significant role in various applications. Although effective tuning of triplet formation by intersystem crossing (ISC) has been well established in solution, the modulation of ISC processes in the solid state remains a challenge due to the presence of other exciton decay channels through intermolecular interactions. The cyclic structure of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) offers a unique platform to tune the intermolecular packing, which leads to controllable exciton dynamics in the solid state. Herein, by integrating an electron deficient coronene diimide (CDI) unit into the CPP framework, a donor-acceptor type of conjugated macrocycle (CDI-CPP) featuring intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) interaction was designed and synthesized. Effective intermolecular CT interaction resulting from a slipped herringbone packing was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Transient spectroscopy studies showed that CDI-CPP undergoes ISC in both solution and the film state, with triplet generation time constants of 4.5 ns and 238 ps, respectively. The rapid triplet formation through ISC in the film state can be ascribed to the cooperation between intra- and intermolecular charge-transfer interactions. Our results highlight that intermolecular CT interaction has a pronounced effect on the ISC process in the solid state, and shed light on the use of the characteristic structure of CPPs to manipulate intermolecular CT interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaxi Huang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, 97403, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
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2
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Ehjeij D, Rominger F, Bunz UHF, Freudenberg J, Müllen K. Thermolysis of Biphenylene toward Cyclo-ortho-phenylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312040. [PMID: 38084633 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The solvent and catalyst free thermolysis of biphenylenes at 350 °C furnishes [n]cyclo-ortho-phenylenes ([n]COPs, n=4-10) in one step and in high yields. At 400 °C biphenylene dimerizes into tetraphenylene, but lower reaction temperatures produce cyclooligomers. If suitably substituted, the oligomers are soluble and can be isolated and characterized. The products are exclusively cyclic. In the crystalline state, [6]COP displays an alternating crown-shaped conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ehjeij
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Shudo H, Kuwayama M, Segawa Y, Yagi A, Itami K. Half-substituted fluorocycloparaphenylenes with high symmetry: synthesis, properties and derivatization to densely substituted carbon nanorings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13494-13497. [PMID: 37882201 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04887j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated cycloparaphenylenes (FCPPs) have attracted attention as electron-accepting CPPs as well as strained fluoroarenes. Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of novel FCPPs; F16[8]CPP and F12[6]CPP. Furthermore, the derivatization of F16[8]CPP afforded a new carbon nanoring where sixteen pyrrole rings are densely substituted on the CPP framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shudo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Motonobu Kuwayama
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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4
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Singh A, Baruah JB. π-Stacking among the Anthracenyl Groups of a Copper Complex Resulted in Doubling of Unit Cell Volume To Provide New Polymorphs. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30776-30787. [PMID: 37636968 PMCID: PMC10448684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Two polymorphs of the 9-N-(3-imidazolylpropylamino)methylanthracene (Hanthraimmida) containing hydrated copper(II)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate complex are reported. The two polymorphs have either lamellar or Herringbone arrangements of π-stacks among the anthracenyl groups of organocation. The difference between the two polymorphs originated from having face-to-face stacking arrangements between the two anthracenyl groups of the symmetry independent cations within the unit cell in one of the polymorphs. The π-stacked anthracenyl groups in consecutive layers of the polymorphs are oriented in one direction in the polymorph designated as P1, whereas the polymorph designated as P2 has such orientations in opposite directions. The unit cell volume of the polymorph P2 (Z = 4) has approximately twice the volume of the polymorph P1 (Z = 2); it happend due to coalescence of two unit cells of P1 in the ab-crystallographic plane. A mixed methanol/water solvate of the copper complex is also reported. It has a channel-like arrangement of the cations; has the anions and the solvents within the cation embraced channel-like enclosures. This complex is unstable, once taken out from the methanol solvent, it transforms in real time to P2 by replacements of the methanol molecules by water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay
Pratap Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Jubaraj B. Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
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5
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Yang Y, Huangfu S, Sato S, Juríček M. Cycloparaphenylene Double Nanohoop: Structure, Lamellar Packing, and Encapsulation of C 60 in the Solid State. Org Lett 2021; 23:7943-7948. [PMID: 34558903 PMCID: PMC8524662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new member of the cycloparaphenylene double-nanohoop family was synthesized. Its π-framework features two oval cavities that display different shapes depending on the crystallization conditions. Incorporation of the peropyrene bridge within the nanoring cycles via bay-regions alleviates steric effects and thus allows 1:1 complexation with C60 in the solid state. This nanocarbon adopts a lamellar packing motif, and our results suggest that the structural adjustment of this double nanohoop could enable its use in supramolecular and semiconductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shangxiong Huangfu
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Kanai K, Inoue T, Furuichi T, Shinoda K, Iwahashi T, Ouchi Y. Electronic structure of n-cycloparaphenylenes directly observed by photoemission spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8361-8367. [PMID: 33876000 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00625h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of n-cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPP, n = 8, 9, and 12) were studied by ultraviolet photoemission, inverse photoemission, ultraviolet-visible absorption, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy to detect their unique electronic structures. [n]CPP has a cyclic structure in which both ends of n-poly(p-phenylene)s (nP) are connected. The molecular size dependence of the HOMO-LUMO gap of [n]CPP was investigated by direct observation and was found to increase as the molecular size increased. This trend is opposite to that of typical π-conjugated systems. Highly strained molecular structures, especially of small [n]CPPs, significantly impact their electronic structure. Insights into the electronic structure of [n]CPP obtained here will aid the design of electronic functionality of non-planar π-conjugation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Kanai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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7
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Pérez‐Jiménez ÁJ, Sancho‐García JC. Theoretical Insights for Materials Properties of Cyclic Organic Nanorings. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Zhou Z, Wei Z, Schaub TA, Jasti R, Petrukhina MA. Structural deformation and host-guest properties of doubly-reduced cycloparaphenylenes, [ n]CPPs 2- ( n = 6, 8, 10, and 12). Chem Sci 2020; 11:9395-9401. [PMID: 34094205 PMCID: PMC8161678 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03072d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical reduction of several cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) ranging in size from [8]CPP to [12]CPP has been investigated with potassium metal in THF. The X-ray diffraction characterization of the resulting doubly-reduced [n]CPPs provided a unique series of carbon nanohoops with increasing dimensions and core flexibility for the first comprehensive structural analysis. The consequences of electron acquisition by a [n]CPP core have been analyzed in comparison with the neutral parents. The addition of two electrons to the cyclic carbon framework of [n]CPPs leads to the characteristic elliptic core distortion and facilitates the internal encapsulation of sizable cationic guests. Molecular and solid-state structure changes, alkali metal binding and unique size-dependent host abilities of the [n]CPP2- series with n = 6-12 are discussed. This in-depth analysis opens new perspectives in supramolecular chemistry of [n]CPPs and promotes their applications in size-selective guest encapsulation and chemical separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Tobias A Schaub
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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9
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Li Y, Segawa Y, Yagi A, Itami K. A Nonalternant Aromatic Belt: Methylene-Bridged [6]Cycloparaphenylene Synthesized from Pillar[6]arene. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12850-12856. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Li
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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10
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Schaub TA, Prantl EA, Kohn J, Bursch M, Marshall CR, Leonhardt EJ, Lovell TC, Zakharov LN, Brozek CK, Waldvogel SR, Grimme S, Jasti R. Exploration of the Solid-State Sorption Properties of Shape-Persistent Macrocyclic Nanocarbons as Bulk Materials and Small Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8763-8775. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Schaub
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ephraim A. Prantl
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Julia Kohn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Markus Bursch
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Checkers R. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Erik J. Leonhardt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Terri C. Lovell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Carl K. Brozek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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11
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12
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Linear, Non-Conjugated Cyclic and Conjugated Cyclic Paraphenylene under Pressure. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193496. [PMID: 31561548 PMCID: PMC6803999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The n-paraphenylene family comprises chains of phenylene units linked together by C-C bonds that are between single- and double-bonded, and where n corresponds to the number of phenylene units. In this work, we compare the response of the optical properties of different phenylene arrangements. We study linear chains (LPP), cyclic systems (CPPs), and non-conjugated cyclic systems with two hydrogenated phenylenes (H4[n]CPP). Particularly, the systems of interest in this work are [6]LPP, [12]- and [6]CPP and H4[6]CPP. This work combines Raman and infrared spectroscopies with absorption and fluorescence (one- and two-photon excitations) measured as a function of pressure up to maximum of about 25 GPa. Unprecedented crystallographic pressure-dependent results are shown on H4[n]CPP, revealing intramolecular π-π interactions upon compression. These intramolecular interactions justify the H4[n]CPP singular optical properties with increasing fluorescence lifetime as a function of pressure.
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13
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Della Sala P, Talotta C, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Geremia S, Hickey N, Neri P, Gaeta C. Synthesis, Characterization, and Solid-State Structure of [8]Cycloparaphenylenes with Inherent Chirality. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9489-9496. [PMID: 31271287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of two [8]cycloparaphenylenes ([8]CPP) derivatives, 1 and 2, bearing a monosubstituted benzene moiety. The presence of the substituent implies a planar chirality for the monosubstituted [8]CPP 1 and 2, whose configuration is here described by applying the chirality descriptors pR and pS. Experimental evidence of this planar chirality has been obtained through 1H VT NMR studies and by addition of Pirkle's reagent. This was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure of 2, which represents an interesting example of solid-state structure of a monosubstituted [8]CPP derivative. Derivative 2 crystallizes in two monoclinic crystal forms (α and β), which show a herringbone motif. The [8]CPP ring of the α form encapsulates two dichloromethane molecules, held through C-H···π interactions, while in the β form, open channels are partially filled by highly disordered solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
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14
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Lin JB, Darzi ER, Jasti R, Yavuz I, Houk KN. Solid-State Order and Charge Mobility in [5]- to [12]Cycloparaphenylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:952-960. [PMID: 30543112 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a computational study of mesoscale morphology and charge-transport properties of radially π-conjugated cycloparaphenylenes ([ n]CPPs) of various ring sizes ( n = 5-12, where n is the number of repeating phenyl units). These molecules are considered structural constituents of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. [ n]CPP molecules are nested in a unique fashion in the solid state. Molecular dynamics simulations show that while intramolecular structural stability (order) increases with system size, intermolecular structural stability decreases. Density functional calculations reveal that reorganization energy, an important parameter in charge transfer, decreases as n is increased. Intermolecular charge-transfer electronic couplings in the solid state are relatively weak (due to curved π-conjugation and loose intermolecular contacts) and are on the same order of magnitude (∼10 meV) for each system. Intrinsic charge-carrier mobilities were simulated from kinetic Monte Carlo simulations; hole mobilities increased with system size and scaled as ∼ n4. We predict that disordered [ n]CPPs exhibit hole mobilities as high as 2 cm2/(V·s). Our computations show a strong correlation between reorganization energy and hole mobility (μ ∼ λ-4). Quantum mechanical calculations were performed on cofacially stacked molecular pairs for varying phenyl units and reveal that orbital delocalization is responsible for both decreasing reorganization energies and electronic couplings as n is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice B Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Evan R Darzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403-1253 , United States
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403-1253 , United States
| | - Ilhan Yavuz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Physics , Marmara University , 34722 Ziverbey , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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15
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Wu D, Cheng W, Ban X, Xia J. Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs): An Overview of Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiangtao Ban
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
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16
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Sicard L, Jeannin O, Rault-Berthelot J, Quinton C, Poriel C. [4]Cyclofluorene: Unexpected Influence of Alkyl Chain Length. Chempluschem 2018; 83:874-880. [PMID: 31950686 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Presented here is the study of a new example of [4]cyclofluorene, with ethyl chains on the bridgeheads. Its molecular structure was established by solution NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Three successive oxidation processes and one reversible reduction were observed through cyclic voltammetry. The optical properties were characterized both in solution and thin film by UV/visible spectroscopy as well as stationary and time-resolved fluorescence. It was found that this [4]cyclofluorene displays different characteristics compared with the other [4]cyclofluorenes substituted by methyl or propyl chains: a simple modification of the chain length induces a non-negligible effect on the emission properties, which must be linked to the specific arrangement of the fluorene units. Furthermore, single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals the formation of a pseudo-tubular solid-state arrangement of fully symmetrical ring structures, which was not observed for the other members of the [4]cyclofluorenes family. This finding could open the way to modulation of properties of cyclofluorenes through alkyl chain engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Sicard
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Cyril Poriel
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
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17
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Povie G, Segawa Y, Nishihara T, Miyauchi Y, Itami K. Synthesis and Size-Dependent Properties of [12], [16], and [24]Carbon Nanobelts. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10054-10059. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuhei Miyauchi
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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18
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Qiu L, Peña-Alvarez M, Baonza VG, Taravillo M, Casado J, Kertesz M. Mechanochemistry in [6]Cycloparaphenylene: A Combined Raman Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Study. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1903-1916. [PMID: 29700956 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy under high pressures up to 10 GPa and density functional computations up to 30 GPa are combined to obtain insights into the behavior of a prototypical nanohoop conjugated molecule, [6]cycloparaphenylene ([6]CPP). Upon increasing pressure, the nanohoop undergoes deformations, first reversible ovalization and then at even higher pressures aggregates are formed. This irreversible aggregation is caused by the formation of new intermolecular σ-bonds. Frequencies and derivatives of the Raman frequency shifts as a function of pressure are well reproduced by the computations. The frequency behavior is tied to changes in aromatic/quinonoid character of the nanohoop. The modeling at moderate high pressures reveals the deformation of the [6]CPP molecules into oval-like and peanut-like shapes. Surprisingly the pressure derivatives of the observed Raman mode shifts undergo a sudden change around a pressure value that is common to all Raman modes, indicating an underlying geometrical change extended over the whole molecule that is interpreted by the computational modeling. Simulations predict that under even larger deformations caused by higher pressures, oligomerization reactions would be triggered. Our simulations demonstrate that these transformations would occur regardless of the solvent, however pressures at which they happen are influenced by solvent molecules encapsulated in the interior of the [6]CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Soft Matter, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, D.C., 20057-1227, USA
| | - Miriam Peña-Alvarez
- MALTA-Consolider Team, Department of Physical Chemistry I, Chemistry Faculty, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Valentín G Baonza
- MALTA-Consolider Team, Department of Physical Chemistry I, Chemistry Faculty, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Taravillo
- MALTA-Consolider Team, Department of Physical Chemistry I, Chemistry Faculty, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, CEI Andalucía Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071-, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Soft Matter, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, D.C., 20057-1227, USA
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19
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Robert A, Dechambenoit P, Hillard EA, Bock H, Durola F. Non-planar oligoarylene macrocycles from biphenyl. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11540-11543. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06798d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Saddle- and propeller-shaped, partially condensed conjugated macrocycles are synthesized by fourfold Perkin condensation plus fourfold photocyclizations. Their macrocyclic loops are pronouncedly non-planar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Robert
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal
- Université de Bordeaux
- 33600 Pessac
- France
| | | | | | - Harald Bock
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal
- CNRS
- 33600 Pessac
- France
| | - Fabien Durola
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal
- CNRS
- 33600 Pessac
- France
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