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Iwama T, Komatsu M, Inoue KY, Kubota K, Ito-Sasaki T, Shiku H. Bipolar electrochemical sensor with perylene diimide-based cathodic luminophore for dopamine detection and imaging. Talanta 2024; 278:126509. [PMID: 39003839 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Bipolar electrochemical microscopy (BEM), which visualizes the concentration distribution of molecular species in biological systems by electrochemiluminescence (ECL), is expected to be applied to the high-spatiotemporal-resolution imaging of biomolecules, enabling the analysis of cellular functions. In the past, the molecular species that could be imaged by BEM were generally restricted to oxidized molecules due to the limitation derived from the ECL mechanism of the luminophore. Recently, the imaging of dopamine (DA), a reduced molecule, was achieved using Ru (bpy)32+/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) as a cathodic luminophore. However, a large driving voltage was required for ECL generation, resulting in a low S/N ratio. In this study, we employed N,N'-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PDI-CH3)/potassium peroxodisulfate (K2S2O8), which is a cathodic luminophore that can be reduced at a nobler potential to produce ECL than [Ru(bpy)3]2+/GSSG. First, the ECL mechanism of PDI-CH3/K2S2O8 was elucidated by using a PDI-CH3 drop-cast glassy carbon electrode (GCE) immersed in K2S2O8 solution as the working electrode in a 3-electrode system. The PDI-CH3 drop-casted GCE, a single closed bipolar electrode (c-BPE), was used as the cathode in the successful quantification of 50-500 μmol L-1 DA in a sample chamber in which a c-BPE anode was immersed, resulting in a high S/N. The selective detection of DA in the presence of ascorbic acid was achieved by modifying the anode with Nafion. Finally, DA imaging was demonstrated using a commercially available anisotropic conducting film with PDI-CH3 coating on the cathode surface as a c-BPE array. The change in the concentration distribution in the inflow of DA was successfully imaged based on the change in the ECL intensity at the c-BPE cathode. This BEM system is expected to be useful for DA imaging of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Iwama
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mayo Komatsu
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kumi Y Inoue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Center for Basic Education, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan.
| | - Koki Kubota
- Center for Basic Education, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ito-Sasaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Center for Basic Education, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
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2
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Ino K, Utagawa Y, Shiku H. Microarray-Based Electrochemical Biosensing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:317-338. [PMID: 37306698 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microarrays are widely utilized in bioanalysis. Electrochemical biosensing techniques are often applied in microarray-based assays because of their simplicity, low cost, and high sensitivity. In such systems, the electrodes and sensing elements are arranged in arrays, and the target analytes are detected electrochemically. These sensors can be utilized for high-throughput bioanalysis and the electrochemical imaging of biosamples, including proteins, oligonucleotides, and cells. In this chapter, we summarize recent progress on these topics. We categorize electrochemical biosensing techniques for array detection into four groups: scanning electrochemical microscopy, electrode arrays, electrochemiluminescence, and bipolar electrodes. For each technique, we summarize the key principles and discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and bioanalysis applications. Finally, we present conclusions and perspectives about future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Utagawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Laborda E, López-Asanza J, Molina A. Theoretical Framework and Guidelines for the Cyclic Voltammetry of Closed Bipolar Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17311-17317. [PMID: 37956247 PMCID: PMC10688229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Closed bipolar cells (cBPCs) can offer valuable platforms for the development of electrochemical sensors. On the other hand, such systems are more intricate to model and interpret than conventional systems with a single polarizable interface, with the applied potential "splitting" into two polarized interfaces where two coupled charge transfers take place concomitantly. As a result, the voltammetry of cBPCs shows peculiarities that can be misleading if analyzed under the framework of classic electrochemical cells. In this work, rigorous mathematical solutions are deduced for the cyclic voltammetry (CV) of cBPCs, including the current-potential response, the interfacial potentials, and the interfacial redox concentrations. With such theoretical tools, a comprehensive view of the behavior of cBPCs can be gained, and adequate diagnosis criteria are established on the basis of the shape, magnitude, and position of the CV signal as a function of the scan rate and of the experimental conditions in the anodic and cathodic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Laborda
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International
Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier López-Asanza
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International
Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Angela Molina
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International
Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Qin X, Gao J, Jin HJ, Li ZQ, Xia XH. Closed Bipolar Electrode Array for Optical Reporting Reaction-Coupled Electrochemical Sensing and Imaging. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202687. [PMID: 36316589 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review centers on a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) array using an electro-fluorochromism (EFC) or electro-chemiluminescence (ECL) reaction as the reporting reaction. Electrochemical signals at one pole of the closed BPE array can be transduced into the EFC or ECL signals at the opposite pole. Therefore, the current signal of a redox reaction can be easily detected and imaged by monitoring the luminescence signal. Recent developments in closed BPE array-based EFC and ECL sensing and imaging are summarized and discussed in detail. Finally, we consider the challenges and opportunities for improving the spatial resolution of closed BPE array-based electrochemical imaging, and emphasize the important application of this technique to the imaging of cellular activities at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Jiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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5
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Iwama T, Inoue KY, Shiku H. Fabrication of High-Density Vertical Closed Bipolar Electrode Arrays by Carbon Paste Filling Method for Two-Dimensional Chemical Imaging. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8857-8866. [PMID: 35700401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a carbon paste filling method was proposed as a simple strategy for fabricating high-density bipolar electrode (BPE) arrays for bipolar electrochemical microscopy (BEM). High spatiotemporal resolution imaging was achieved using the fabricated BPE array. BEM, which is an emerging microscopic system in recent years, achieves label-free and high spatiotemporal resolution imaging of molecular distributions using high-density BPE arrays and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signals. We devised a simple method to fabricate a BPE array by filling a porous plate with carbon paste and succeeded in fabricating a high-density BPE array (15 μm pitch). After a detailed observation of the surface of the BPE array using a scanning electron microscope, the basic electrochemical and ECL emission characteristics were evaluated using potassium ferricyanide solution as a sample solution. Moreover, inflow imaging of the sample molecules was conducted to evaluate the imaging ability of the prepared BPE array. In addition, Prussian Blue containing carbon ink was applied to the sample solution side of the BPE array to provide catalytic activity to hydrogen peroxide, and the quantification and inflow imaging of hydrogen peroxide by ECL signals was achieved. This simple fabrication method of the BPE array can accelerate the research and development of BEM. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide imaging by BEM is an important milestone for achieving bioimaging with high spatiotemporal resolution such as biomolecule imaging using enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Iwama
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kumi Y Inoue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.,Center for Basic Education, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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6
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Qin X, Jin HJ, Li X, Li J, Pan JB, Wang K, Liu S, Xu JJ, Xia XH. Label-Free Electrochemiluminescence Imaging of Single-Cell Adhesions by Using Bipolar Nanoelectrode Array. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103964. [PMID: 34850460 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A label-free and fast approach for positive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging of single cells by bipolar nanoelectrode array is proposed. The reduction of oxygen at a platinized gold nanoelectrode array in a closed bipolar electrochemical system is coupled with an oxidative ECL process at the anodic side. For elevating the ECL imaging contrast of single cells, a driving voltage of -2.0 V is applied to in situ generate oxygen confined beneath cells that is subsequently used for ECL imaging at 1.1 V. High oxygen concentration in the confined space resulting from steric hindrance generates prominent oxygen reduction current at the cathodic side and higher ECL intensity at the anodic side, allowing positive ECL imaging of the cells adhesion region with excellent contrast. Cell morphology and adhesion strength can be successfully imaged with high image acquisition rate. This approach opens a new avenue for label-free imaging of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Jiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Songqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Che ZY, Wang XY, Ma X, Ding SN. Bipolar electrochemiluminescence sensors: From signal amplification strategies to sensing formats. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Electrochemistry represents an important analytical technique used to acquire and assess chemical information in detail, which can aid fundamental investigations in various fields, such as biological studies. For example, electrochemistry can be used as simple and cost-effective means for bio-marker tracing in applications, such as health monitoring and food security screening. In combination with light, powerful spatially-resolved applications in both the investigation and manipulation of biochemical reactions begin to unfold. In this article, we focus primarily on light-addressable electrochemistry based on semiconductor materials and light-readable electrochemistry enabled by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). In addition, the emergence of multiplexed and imaging applications will also be introduced.
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9
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Iwama T, Komatsu M, Inoue KY, Shiku H. Detection and 2D Imaging of Dopamine Distribution Using a Closed Bipolar Electrode System by Applying a Cathodic Luminophore. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Iwama
- Department: Graduate School of Environmental Studies Institution: Tohoku University 6-6-11, Aramaki Aoba Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0811 Japan
| | - Mayo Komatsu
- Department: Graduate School of Environmental Studies Institution: Tohoku University 6-6-11, Aramaki Aoba Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0811 Japan
| | - Kumi Y. Inoue
- Department: Graduate School of Environmental Studies Institution: Tohoku University 6-6-11, Aramaki Aoba Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0811 Japan
- Department: Center for Basic Education Faculty of Engineering Institution: University of Yamanashi 4-3-11, Takeda Kofu 400-8511 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Department: Graduate School of Environmental Studies Institution: Tohoku University 6-6-11, Aramaki Aoba Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0811 Japan
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Masturah binti Fakhruddin S, Ino K, Inoue KY, Nashimoto Y, Shiku H. Bipolar Electrode‐based Electrochromic Devices for Analytical Applications – A Review. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Kumi Y. Inoue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan
- Center for Basic Education Faculty of Engineering Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research University of Yamanashi Kofu 400-8511 Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan
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11
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Ismail A, Voci S, Descamps L, Buhot A, Sojic N, Leroy L, Bouchet-Spinelli A. Bipolar Electrochemiluminescence Imaging: A Way to Investigate the Passivation of Silicon Surfaces. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1094-1100. [PMID: 33826213 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work depicts the original combination of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) to map in real-time the oxidation of silicon in microchannels. We fabricated model silicon-PDMS microfluidic chips, optionally containing a restriction, and monitored the evolution of the surface reactivity using ECL. BPE was used to remotely promote ECL at the silicon surface inside microfluidic channels. The effects of the fluidic design, the applied potential and the resistance of the channel (controlled by the fluidic configuration) on the silicon polarization and oxide formation were investigated. A potential difference down to 6 V was sufficient to induce ECL, which is two orders of magnitude less than in classical BPE configurations. Increasing the resistance of the channel led to an increase in the current passing through the silicon and boosted the intensity of ECL signals. Finally, the possibility of achieving electrochemical reactions at predetermined locations on the microfluidic chip was investigated using a patterning of the silicon oxide surface by etched micrometric squares. This ECL imaging approach opens exciting perspectives for the precise understanding and implementation of electrochemical functionalization on passivating materials. In addition, it may help the development and the design of fully integrated microfluidic biochips paving the way for development of original bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulghani Ismail
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Silvia Voci
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Lucie Descamps
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Arnaud Buhot
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Loïc Leroy
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Bouchet-Spinelli
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira L. Rahn
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011-1021, United States
| | - Robbyn K. Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011-1021, United States
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13
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Recent Advances in Electrochemiluminescence-Based Systems for Mammalian Cell Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11050530. [PMID: 32456040 PMCID: PMC7281524 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cell analysis is essential in the context of both fundamental studies and clinical applications. Among the various techniques available for cell analysis, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has attracted significant attention due to its integration of both electrochemical and spectroscopic methods. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the ECL-based systems developed for mammalian cell analysis. The review begins with a summary of the developments in luminophores that opened the door to ECL applications for biological samples. Secondly, ECL-based imaging systems are introduced as an emerging technique to visualize single-cell morphologies and intracellular molecules. In the subsequent section, the ECL sensors developed in the past decade are summarized, the use of which made the highly sensitive detection of cell-derived molecules possible. Although ECL immunoassays are well developed in terms of commercial use, the sensing of biomolecules at a single-cell level remains a challenge. Emphasis is therefore placed on ECL sensors that directly detect cellular molecules from small portions of cells or even single cells. Finally, the development of bipolar electrode devices for ECL cell assays is introduced. To conclude, the direction of research in this field and its application prospects are described.
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Anderson TJ, Defnet PA, Zhang B. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-Based Electrochemical Imaging Using a Massive Array of Bipolar Ultramicroelectrodes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6748-6755. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd J. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
| | - Peter A. Defnet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
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Ino K, Yaegaki R, Hiramoto K, Nashimoto Y, Shiku H. Closed Bipolar Electrode Array for On-Chip Analysis of Cellular Respiration by Cell Aggregates. ACS Sens 2020; 5:740-745. [PMID: 31997640 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell aggregates have attracted much attention owing to their potential applications in tissue engineering and drug screening. To evaluate cellular respiration of individual cell aggregates in these applications, noninvasive and on-chip high-throughput analytical tools are necessary. Electrochemical methods for detecting oxygen concentrations are useful because of their noninvasiveness. However, these conventional methods may be unsuitable for high-throughput detection because it is difficult to prepare many electrodes on a small chip owing to the limitation of area for connecting electrodes. Alternatively, a bipolar electrode (BPE) system offers clear advantages. In this system, electrochemical reactions are induced at both ends of a BPE without complex wiring. In this study, we present a BPE array for detecting the respiratory activity of cell aggregates. Oxygen concentrations near cell aggregates at cathodic poles of BPEs were converted to electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signals of [Ru(bpy)3]2+/tripropylamine at anodic poles of BPEs. To separate ECL chemicals from cell aggregates, we fabricated a closed BPE device containing analytical and reporter chambers. As a proof of concept, 32 BPEs were controlled wirelessly using a pair of driving electrodes, and the respiratory activities of individual MCF-7 cell aggregates as a cancer model were successfully detected by monitoring ECL signals. Compared with conventional electrode arrays for cell analysis, the wiring of the current device was simple because the multiple BPEs functioned with only a single power supply. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of on-chip analysis of cellular activity using a BPE system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yaegaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hiramoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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16
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Iwama T, Inoue KY, Abe H, Matsue T, Shiku H. Bioimaging using bipolar electrochemical microscopy with improved spatial resolution. Analyst 2020; 145:6895-6900. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed bipolar electrochemical microscopy (BEM) using a closed bipolar electrode (cBPE) array with an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detecting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Iwama
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Kumi Y. Inoue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Hiroya Abe
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Center for Promotion of Innovation Strategy
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
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