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Liu H, Huang Q, Liao RZ, Li M, Xie Y. Ring-closing C-O/C-O metathesis of ethers with primary aliphatic alcohols. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1883. [PMID: 37019932 PMCID: PMC10076310 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In canonical organic chemistry textbooks, the widely adopted mechanism for the classic transetherifications between ethers and alcohols starts with the activation of the ether in order to weaken the C-O bond, followed by the nucleophilic attack by the alcohol hydroxy group, resulting in a net C-O/O-H σ-bond metathesis. In this manuscript, our experimental and computational investigation of a Re2O7 mediated ring-closing transetherification challenges the fundamental tenets of the traditional transetherification mechanism. Instead of ether activation, the alternative activation of the hydroxy group followed by nucleophilic attack of ether is realized by commercially available Re2O7 through the formation of perrhenate ester intermediate in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), which results in an unusual C-O/C-O σ-bond metathesis. Due to the preference for the activation of alcohol rather than ether, this intramolecular transetherification reaction is therefore suitable for substrates bearing multiple ether moieties, unparalleled by any previous methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Youwei Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Shigeno M, Hayashi K, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Catalytic C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Bond Formation of Methoxyarenes by the Organic Superbase t-Bu-P4. Org Lett 2020; 22:9107-9113. [PMID: 33175552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The organic superbase catalyst t-Bu-P4 achieves nucleophilic aromatic substitution of methoxyarenes with alkanenitrile pronucleophiles. A variety of functional groups [cyano, nitro, (non)enolizable ketone, chloride, and amide moieties] are allowed on methoxyarenes. Moreover, an array of alkanenitriles with/without an aryl moiety at the nitrile α-position can be employed. The system also features no requirement of a stoichiometric base, MeOH (not salt waste) formation as a byproduct, and the production of congested quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Hayashi
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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Tanii S, Arisawa M, Yamaguchi M. Acid-catalyzed synthesis of condensed polycyclic diaryl ethers from arenols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14078-14080. [PMID: 31696874 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07172e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diaryl ethers containing condensed polycyclic aryl groups were synthesized from arenols in the presence of a catalytic amount of p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid. Symmetrical binaphthyl, biphenanthryl, and bipyrenyl ethers were obtained in high yields. Unsymmetrical derivatives were also synthesized from 9-phenanthrol and arenols, using combinations of reactive and unreactive substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Tanii
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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Bhawal BN, Morandi B. Catalytic Isofunctional Reactions—Expanding the Repertoire of Shuttle and Metathesis Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10074-10103. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N. Bhawal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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Murai M, Nishinaka N, Kimura M, Takai K. Regioselective Functionalization of 9,9-Dimethyl-9-silafluorenes by Borylation, Bromination, and Nitration. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5667-5676. [PMID: 30938531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the utility of 9-silafluorenes as functional materials and as building blocks, methods for efficient functionalization of their backbone are rare, probably because of the presence of easily cleavable C-Si bonds. Although controlling the regioselectivity of iridium-catalyzed direct borylation of C-H bonds is difficult, we found that bromination and nitration of 2-methoxy-9-silafluorene under mild conditions occurred predominantly at the electron-rich position. The resulting product having methoxy and bromo groups can be utilized as a building block for the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted 9-silafluorene-containing π-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Murai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Naoki Nishinaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Mizuki Kimura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
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Bhawal BN, Morandi B. Katalytische, isofunktionelle Reaktionen – Erweiterung des Repertoires an Shuttle‐ und Metathesereaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N. Bhawal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Bill Morandi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Schweiz
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Shigeno M, Hayashi K, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Phosphazene Base tBu-P4 Catalyzed Methoxy-Alkoxy Exchange Reaction on (Hetero)Arenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:6077-6081. [PMID: 30807672 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The organic superbase tBu-P4 catalyzes methoxy-alkoxy exchange reactions on (hetero)arenes with alcohols. The catalytic reaction proceeded efficiently with electron-deficient methoxy(hetero)arenes as well as with a variety of alcohols, including 3-amino-1-propanol, β-citronellol, menthol, and cholesterol. An intramolecular version of this reaction furnished six- and seven-membered ring compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Hayashi
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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