1
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Suzuki W, Takahata R, Chiga Y, Kikkawa S, Yamazoe S, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Teranishi T. Control over Ligand-Exchange Positions of Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters Using Steric Repulsion of Protecting Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12310-12320. [PMID: 35776692 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic ligands on gold nanoclusters play important roles in regulating the structures of gold cores. However, the impact of the number and positions of the protecting ligands on gold-core structures remains unclear. We isolated thiolate-protected Au25 cluster anions, [Au25(SC2Ph)17(Por)1]- and [Au25(SC2Ph)16(Por)2]- (SC2Ph = 2-phenylethanethiolate), obtained by ligand exchange of [Au25(SC2Ph)18]- with one or two porphyrinthiolate (Por) ligands as mixtures of regioisomers. The ratio of two regioisomers in [Au25(SC2Ph)17(Por)1]- as measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that the selectivity could be controlled by the steric hindrance of the incoming thiols. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure studies of a series of porphyrin-coordinated gold nanoclusters clarified that the Au13 icosahedral core in the Au25 cluster was distorted through steric repulsion between porphyrin thiolates and phenylethanethiolates. This paper reveals interesting insights into the importance of the steric structures of protecting ligands for control over core structures in gold nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Suzuki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryo Takahata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Chiga
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Soichi Kikkawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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2
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Controlled Synthesis of Au 25 Superatom Using a Dendrimer Template. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113398. [PMID: 35684336 PMCID: PMC9182415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Superatoms are promising materials for their potential in elemental substitution and as new building blocks. Thus far, various synthesis methods of thiol-protected Au clusters including an Au25 superatom have been investigated. However, previously reported methods were mainly depending on the thermodynamic stability of the aimed clusters. In this report, a synthesis method for thiol-protected Au clusters using a dendrimers template is proposed. In this method, the number of Au atoms was controlled by the stepwise complexation feature of a phenylazomethine dendrimer. Therefore, synthesis speed was increased compared with the case without the dendrimer template. Hybridization for the Au25 superatoms was also achieved using the complexation control of metals.
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3
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Pigliacelli C, Acocella A, Díez I, Moretti L, Dichiarante V, Demitri N, Jiang H, Maiuri M, Ras RHA, Bombelli FB, Cerullo G, Zerbetto F, Metrangolo P, Terraneo G. High-resolution crystal structure of a 20 kDa superfluorinated gold nanocluster. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2607. [PMID: 35545611 PMCID: PMC9095690 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallization of atomically precise nanoclusters is gaining increasing attention, due to the opportunity of elucidating both intracluster and intercluster packing modes, and exploiting the functionality of the resulting highly pure crystallized materials. Herein, we report the design and single-crystal X-ray structure of a superfluorinated 20 kDa gold nanocluster, with an Au25 core coated by a shell of multi-branched highly fluorinated thiols (SF27) resulting in almost 500 fluorine atoms, i.e., ([Au25(SF27)18]0). The cluster shows a switchable solubility in the fluorous phase. X-ray analysis and computational studies reveal the key role of both intracluster and intercluster F···F contacts in driving [Au25(SF27)18]0 crystal packing and stabilization, highlighting the ability of multi-branched fluorinated thiols to endow atomically precise nanoclusters with remarkable crystallogenic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pigliacelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Angela Acocella
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, V. F. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabel Díez
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Luca Moretti
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Dichiarante
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy.
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Robin H A Ras
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 16000, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, V. F. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy.
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy.
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4
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Shigeta T, Takano S, Tsukuda T. A Face‐to‐Face Dimer of Au
3
Superatoms Supported by Interlocked Tridentate Scaffolds Formed in Au
18
S
2
(SR)
12. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Shigeta
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1130033 Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1130033 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1130033 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) Kyoto University 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 6158245 Japan
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5
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Shigeta T, Takano S, Tsukuda T. A Face-to-Face Dimer of Au 3 Superatoms Supported by Interlocked Tridentate Scaffolds Formed in Au 18 S 2 (SR) 12. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113275. [PMID: 34752676 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new sulfur-containing gold cluster, Au18 S2 (STipb)12 , was serendipitously obtained using the bulky thiol, 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzyl mercaptan (TipbSH), as protecting ligands. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that Au18 S2 (STipb)12 has a deformed octahedral Au6 core clutched by two tridentate S[Au2 (STipb)2 ]3 units in an interlocked manner. Based on density functional theory calculations, we propose that the Au6 core with two electrons is better viewed as a face-to-face dimer of Au3 (1e) superatoms rather than an electronically closed Au6 (2e) superatom. In situ formation of the sulfide anions (S2- ) via C-S bond breakage is ascribed to the steric repulsion between the TipbS ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Shigeta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 6158245, Japan
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6
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Hossain S, Imai Y, Suzuki D, Choi W, Chen Z, Suzuki T, Yoshioka M, Kawawaki T, Lee D, Negishi Y. Elucidating ligand effects in thiolate-protected metal clusters using Au 24Pt(TBBT) 18 as a model cluster. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22089-22098. [PMID: 31720662 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
2-Phenylethanethiolate (PET) and 4-tert-butylbenzenethiolate (TBBT) are the most frequently used ligands in the study of thiolate (SR)-protected metal clusters. However, the effect of difference in the functional group between these ligands on the fundamental properties of the clusters has not been clarified. We synthesized [Au24Pt(TBBT)18]0, which has the same number of metal atoms, number of ligands, and framework structure as [Au24Pt(PET)18]0, by replacing ligands of [Au24Pt(PET)18]0 with TBBT. It was found that this ligand exchange is reversible unlike the case of other metal-core clusters. A comparison of the geometrical/electronic structure and stability of the clusters between [Au24Pt(PET)18]0 and [Au24Pt(TBBT)18]0 revealed three things with regard to the effect of ligand change from PET to TBBT on [Au24Pt(SR)18]0: (1) the induction of metal-core contraction and Au-S bond elongation, (2) no substantial effect on the HOMO-LUMO gap but a clear difference in optical absorption in the visible region, and (3) the decrease of stabilities against degradation in solution and under laser irradiation. By using these two clusters as model clusters, it is expected that the effects of the structural difference of ligand functional-groups on the physical properties and functions of clusters, such as catalytic ability and photoluminescence, would be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiat Hossain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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7
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Takano S, Ito S, Tsukuda T. Efficient and Selective Conversion of Phosphine-Protected (MAu8)2+ (M = Pd, Pt) Superatoms to Thiolate-Protected (MAu12)6+ or Alkynyl-Protected (MAu12)4+ Superatoms via Hydride Doping. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15994-16002. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shun Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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