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Xia W, Wang F. Molecular catalysts design: Intramolecular supporting site assisting to metal center for efficient CO2 photo- and electroreduction. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Electrochemical and Light-driven CO2 reduction by Amine-Functionalized rhenium Catalysts: A comparison between primary and tertiary amine substitutions. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yamazaki Y, Miyaji M, Ishitani O. Utilization of Low-Concentration CO 2 with Molecular Catalysts Assisted by CO 2-Capturing Ability of Catalysts, Additives, or Reaction Media. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6640-6660. [PMID: 35404601 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 is a worldwide concern and continues to trigger various environmental problems. Photo- or electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2-Red) using solar energy, i.e., artificial photosynthesis, is a prospective technique owing to its sustainability and the usefulness of the reaction products. Concentrations of CO2 in exhaust gases from industries are several % to 20%, and that in the atmosphere is about 400 ppm. Although condensation processes of CO2 require high energy consumption and cost, pure CO2 has been used in most of the reported studies for photo- and electrocatalytic CO2-Red because the reaction between CO2 and the catalyst could be one of the rate-limiting steps. To address these issues and provide a repository of potential techniques for other researchers, this perspective summarizes the catalytic systems reported for the reduction of low-concentration CO2, which utilize a combination of catalytic CO2-Red and CO2-capturing reactions (or CO2 adsorption). First, we describe CO2 insertions into M-X bonds of the catalysts, which increase the rate constants and/or equilibrium constants for CO2 binding on the catalysts, and modifications of the second coordination sphere to stabilize the CO2-bound catalysts. Furthermore, we discuss the reaction media used for catalytic CO2-Red that have the unique effect of increasing CO2 concentrations around the catalysts. These reaction media include typical CO2-capturing additives, ionic liquids, and metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-Kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miyaji
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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Fujita E, Grills DC, Manbeck GF, Polyansky DE. Understanding the Role of Inter- and Intramolecular Promoters in Electro- and Photochemical CO 2 Reduction Using Mn, Re, and Ru Catalysts. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:616-628. [PMID: 35133133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recycling of carbon dioxide to fuels and chemicals is a promising strategy for renewable energy storage. Carbon dioxide conversion can be achieved by (i) artificial photosynthesis using photoinduced electrons; (ii) electrolysis using electricity produced by photovoltaics; and (iii) thermal CO2 hydrogenation using renewable H2. The focus of our group's research is on molecular catalysts, in particular coordination complexes of transition metals (e.g., Mn, Re, and Ru), which offer versatile platforms for mechanistic studies of photo- and electrochemical CO2 reduction. The interactions of catalytic intermediates with Lewis or Brønsted acids, hydrogen-bonding moieties, solvents, cations, etc., that function as promoters or cofactors have become increasingly important for efficient catalysis. These interactions may have dramatic effects on selectivity and rates by stabilizing intermediates or lowering transition state barriers, but they are difficult to elucidate and challenging to predict. We have been carrying out experimental and theoretical studies of CO2 reduction using molecular catalysts toward addressing mechanisms of efficient CO2 reduction systems with emphasis on those containing intramolecular (or pendent) and intermolecular (solution phase) additives. This Account describes the identification of reaction intermediates produced during CO2 reduction in the presence of triethanolamine or ionic liquids, the benefits of hydrogen-bonding interactions among intermediates or cofactors, and the complications of pendent phenolic donors/phenoxide bases under electrochemical conditions.Triethanolamine (TEOA) is a common sacrificial electron donor for photosensitizer excited state reductive quenching and has a long history of use in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. It also functions as a Brønsted base in conjunction with more potent sacrificial electron donors, such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIH). Deprotonation of the BIH•+ cation radical promotes irreversible photoinduced electron transfer by preventing charge recombination. Despite its wide use, most research to date has not considered the broader reactions of TEOA, including its direct interaction with CO2 or its influence on catalytic intermediates. We found that in acetonitrile, TEOA captures CO2 in the form of a zwitterionic adduct without any metal catalyst. In the presence of ruthenium carbonyl catalysts bearing α-diimine ligands, it participates in metal hydride formation, accelerates hydride transfer to CO2 to form the bound formate intermediate, and assists in the dissociation of formate anion from the catalyst ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 2413-2428).Hydrogen bonding and acid/base promoters are understood to interact with key catalytic intermediates, such as the metallocarboxylate or metallocarboxylic acid during CO2 reduction. The former is a high energy species, and hydrogen-bonding or Lewis acid-stabilization are beneficial. We have found that imidazolium-based ionic liquid cations can stabilize the doubly reduced form of the [ReCl(bpy)(CO)3] (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) electrocatalyst through both hydrogen-bonding and π-π interactions, resulting in CO2 reduction occurring at a more positive potential with a higher catalytic current ( J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 2033-2038). Hydrogen bonding interactions between Lewis basic methoxy groups in the second coordination sphere of a Mn-based catalyst and the OH group of the Mn-COOH intermediate in the presence of a Brønsted acid were also found to promote C-(OH) bond cleavage, enabling access to a low-energy protonation-first pathway for CO2 reduction ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 2604-2618).The kinetics of forming the metallocarboxylic acid can be enhanced by internal acids, and its proton-induced C-OH bond cleavage to the metallocarbonyl and H2O is often the rate-limiting step. Therefore, proton movement organized by pendent hydrogen-bonding networks may also accelerate this step. In contrast, during electrolysis, OH groups in the second coordination sphere are deprotonated to the oxyanions, which deter catalytic CO2 reduction by directly binding CO2 to form the carbonate or by making an M-O bond in competition with CO2 binding ( Inorg. Chem. 2016, 55, 4582-4594). Our results emphasize that detailed mechanistic research is critical in discovering the design principles for improved catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Fujita
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - David C. Grills
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Gerald F. Manbeck
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Dmitry E. Polyansky
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
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Synthesis and redox properties of heterobimetallic Re(bpyCrown-M)(CO)3Cl complexes, where M = Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Ba2+. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rotundo L, Grills DC, Gobetto R, Priola E, Nervi C, Polyansky DE, Fujita E. Photochemical CO
2
Reduction Using Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes with Bipyridyl‐Type Ligands with and without Second Coordination Sphere Effects. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rotundo
- Chemistry Department University of Torino Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
- CIRCC Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari Italy
| | - David C. Grills
- Chemistry Division Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973–5000 USA
| | - Roberto Gobetto
- Chemistry Department University of Torino Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
- CIRCC Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Emanuele Priola
- Chemistry Department University of Torino Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
- CIRCC Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Carlo Nervi
- Chemistry Department University of Torino Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
- CIRCC Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari Italy
| | | | - Etsuko Fujita
- Chemistry Division Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973–5000 USA
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Mukherjee J, Siewert I. Manganese and Rhenium Tricarbonyl Complexes Equipped with Proton Relays in the Electrochemical CO
2
Reduction Reaction. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotima Mukherjee
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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Rotundo L, Polyansky DE, Gobetto R, Grills DC, Fujita E, Nervi C, Manbeck GF. Molecular Catalysts with Intramolecular Re-O Bond for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12187-12199. [PMID: 32804491 PMCID: PMC8009525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
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A new Re bipyridine-type complex,
namely, fac-Re(pmbpy)(CO)3Cl (pmbpy =
4-phenyl-6-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine), 1, carrying a single OH moiety as local proton source, has
been synthesized, and its electrochemical behavior under Ar and under
CO2 has been characterized. Two isomers of 1, namely, 1-cis characterized by the
proximity of Cl to OH and 1-trans, are
identified. The interconversion between 1-cis and 1-trans is clarified by DFT calculations,
which reveal two transition states. The energetically lower pathway
displays a non-negligible barrier of 75.5 kJ mol–1. The 1e– electrochemical reduction of 1 affords the neutral intermediate 1-OPh, formally derived
by reductive deprotonation and loss of Cl– from 1. 1-OPh, which exhibits an entropically favored
intramolecular Re–O bond, has been isolated and characterized.
The detailed electrochemical mechanism is demonstrated by combined
chemical reactivity, spectroelectrochemistry, spectroscopic (IR and
NMR), and computational (DFT) approaches. Comparison with previous
Re and Mn derivatives carrying local proton sources highlights that
the catalytic activity of Re complexes is more sensitive to the presence
of local OH groups. Similar to Re-2OH (2OH = 4-phenyl-6-(phenyl-2,6-diol)-2,2′-bipyridine), 1 and Mn-1OH display a selective reduction of
CO2 to CO. In the case of the Re bipyridine-type complex,
the formation of a relatively stable Re–O bond and a preference
for phenolate-based reactivity with CO2 slightly inhibit
the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO, resulting
in a low TON value of 9, even in the presence of phenol as a proton
source. A new Re bipyridine-type complex, namely, fac-Re(pmbpy)(CO)3Cl (pmbpy = 4-phenyl-6-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine), 1, carrying a single OH moiety as local proton source, has
been synthesized, and its electrochemical behavior under Ar and under
CO2 has been characterized. Two isomers of 1, namely, 1-cis characterized by the
proximity of Cl to OH and 1-trans, are
identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rotundo
- Chemistry Department, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.,CIRCC (Bari), University of Bari, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Dmitry E Polyansky
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Roberto Gobetto
- Chemistry Department, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.,CIRCC (Bari), University of Bari, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - David C Grills
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Etsuko Fujita
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Carlo Nervi
- Chemistry Department, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.,CIRCC (Bari), University of Bari, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gerald F Manbeck
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
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Sinha S, Sonea A, Gibbs CA, Warren JJ. Heterogeneous aqueous CO2 reduction by rhenium(i) tricarbonyl diimine complexes with a non-chelating pendant pyridyl group. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7078-7083. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01300e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A graphite-adsorbed tricarbonylrhenium(i) terpyridine complex supports CO2 reduction electrocatalysis over a wide range of pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Sinha
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- Burnaby BC V5A 1S6
- Canada
| | - Ana Sonea
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- Burnaby BC V5A 1S6
- Canada
| | - Curtis A. Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- Burnaby BC V5A 1S6
- Canada
| | - Jeffrey J. Warren
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- Burnaby BC V5A 1S6
- Canada
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