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Harada N. Chiral organic stereochemistry: Chiral HPLC, chiral auxiliaries, CD spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and light-powered chiral molecular motors. Chirality 2021; 34:253-294. [PMID: 34783096 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the studies of chiral organic stereochemistry, it is important to use enantiopure compounds. For this purpose, the chiral HPLC (High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography) columns containing chiral stationary phases were invented by Y. Okamoto and coworkers for enantio-separating various racemic compounds. In addition, the use of chiral auxiliaries is also useful for preparing enantiopure compounds and also for determining their absolute configurations, where covalent-bonded diastereomers are separated by HPLC on silica gel. In this review article, these HPLC methods will be discussed together with the applications to some interesting organic compounds including light-powered chiral molecular motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Harada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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2
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Helical Polymers for Efficient Enantiomer Separation. HIERARCHICAL MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES: 60 YEARS AFTER THE STAUDINGER NOBEL PRIZE I 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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3
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Gingras M, Félix G, Peresutti R. One hundred years of helicene chemistry. Part 2: stereoselective syntheses and chiral separations of carbohelicenes. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:1007-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35111k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Okamoto
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo‐cho, Chikusa‐ku, Nagoya 464‐8603, Japan
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
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Sugiura H, Teranishi K, Amemiya R, Yamaguchi M. Asymmetric Reduction of 3,5-Dinitroacetophenone Using CT Complexation with Optically Active 1,12-Dialkylbenzo[c]phenanthrenes. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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6
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Dolenský B, Elguero J, Král V, Pardo C, Valík M. Current Tröger's Base Chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(06)93001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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7
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Armstrong DW. Chiral Stationary Phases for High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Enantiomers: A Mini-Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918408073942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Valík
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Institute of Chemical Technology Prague , Technická 5, Praha 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Robert M. Strongin
- b Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Vladimír Král
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Institute of Chemical Technology Prague , Technická 5, Praha 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
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Irurre J, Santamaría J, González-rego MC. Resolution by chiral hplc of the stable free radical perchlorotriphenylmethyl: Thermodynamic and chiroptical properties. Chirality 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.530070308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Okamoto Y. (?)-Sparteine: The compound that most significantly influenced my research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Synthetic, optically active polymers used as CSP are reviewed. The polymers are classified into three major categories, namely, addition polymers, condensation polymers, and cross-linked gels. The emphasis lies on polymethacrylates having helical conformation belonging to the first category. Helical polymethacrylates are synthesized using asymmetric anionic or radical polymerization techniques and show resolving ability towards a wide range of racemate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakano
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan.
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12
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Siles BA, Halsall HB, Dorsey JG. Retention and selectivity of flavanones on homopolypeptide-bonded stationary phases in both normal- and reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1995; 704:289-305. [PMID: 7670627 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00269-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Three linear polymers of repeating amino acid units, or homopolypeptides, have been individually covalently bonded to microparticulate silica and evaluated for liquid chromatographic separations. The retention and selectivity of seven flavanones were investigated on these stationary phases and a structurally similar, commercially available reference stationary phase, Chiraspher. All three of the homopolypeptide stationary phases retain solutes in the normal-phase mode. The aromatic-containing homopolypeptide stationary phases also retain solutes in the reversed-phase mode. Selectivity values for the flavanones were higher in the normal-phase mode; chiral selectivity was observed for the amphiphilic homopolypeptide stationary phase in the reversed-phase mode. The retention mechanism of each stationary phase is suggested based on the chemical nature and conformation of the corresponding homopolypeptide ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Siles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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Okamoto Y, Mohri H, Hatada K. Chromatographic Optical Resolution by Optically Active Poly(diphenyl-2-pyridylmethyl methacrylate) with a Highly One-Handed Helical Structure. Polym J 1989. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.21.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Hirayama C, Ihara H, Tanaka K. Chromatographic resolution of dipeptide enantiomers and diastereomers on chiral stationary phases from poly(L-leucine) or poly(L-phenylalanine). J Chromatogr A 1988; 450:271-6. [PMID: 3235592 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)83580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two types of chiral stationary phase, polymer-bonded and non-bonded, containing poly(L-leucine) and poly(L-phenylalanine) were prepared. These stationary phases gave higher enantioselectivity for the optical resolution of various derivatives of leucylphenylalanine methyl ester by liquid chromatography than did poly(L-alanine) and poly(L-glutamate).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hirayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, Japan
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Okamoto Y, Yashima E, Ishikura M, Hatada K. Synthesis, Methanolysis, and Asymmetric Polymerization of meta- and para-substituted Triphenylmethyl Methacrylates. Polym J 1987. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.19.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Chapter 7 The Direct Preparative Resolution Of Enantiomers By Liquid Chromatography On Chiral Stationary Phases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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19
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Analytical and preparative separation of bark beetle pheromones by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)83750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Parker CE, Levy LA, Smith RW, Yamaguchi K, Gaskell SJ, Korach KS. Separation and detection of enantiomers of stilbestrol analogues by combined high-performance liquid chromatography-thermospray mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1985; 344:378-84. [PMID: 4086562 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Maryanoff BE, Mccomsey DF. Resolution and absolute configuration of 1,2,3,5,6,10bβ-hexahydro-6α-phenylpyrrolo[2,1-α]isoquinoline (McN-4612-Z). A problem of determination of the enantiomeric purity for a tertiary amine. J Heterocycl Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570220359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Optical resolution of helical and planarchiral metacyclophanes by high performance liquid chromatography on (+)-poly(triphenylmethyl-methacrylate). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00658861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Gal J. Determination of the enantiomeric composition of chiral epoxides using chiral derivatization and liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(85)80041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Allenmark S. Recent advances in methods of direct optical resolution. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 1984; 9:1-25. [PMID: 6373895 DOI: 10.1016/0165-022x(84)90062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Very great advances have been made in the field of direct optical resolution of organic compounds by chromatographic techniques. Chiral capillary gas chromatography now permits a determination of the enantiomeric composition of a few nanograms of a compound present in a mixture of many others. Coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry the technique will additionally permit structural elucidation; of great interest in pheromone research and related areas. Analytical separations of enantiomers are now also carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods based on a variety of principles. Basically, two main types are used, differing as to whether the mobile phase has to be a chiral medium or not. Two-dimensional HPLC, whereby compounds separated on a non-chiral column are progressively and automatically transferred to a chiral column for optical resolution, has been used successsfully for chiral amino acid separations. Many different chiral sorbents for preparative LC and HPLC resolutions have been prepared; some of these are now used in columns capable of producing pure enantiomers from a given racemate at a rate of the order of one gram/hour in continuous, automatic HPLC procedures. Apart from all important applications of these results of optical resolution technology, an increased knowledge of the underlying chiral recognition phenomena responsible for enantioselection has also been achieved.
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The Significance of Chirality: Methods for Determining Absolute Configuration and Optical Purity of Pheromones and Related Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-5220-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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27
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Okamoto Y, Ishikura M, Hatada K, Yuki H. Stereospecific and Asymmetric Polymerization of Diphenylpyridylmethyl Methacrylates. Polym J 1983. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.15.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Preparation and structure of ()-(−)- and ()-(+)-2,2′-(2,2-dimethyl-2-silapropane-1,3-diyl)-1,1′binaphthalene. Tetrahedron Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)87508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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