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Zhang T, Lou XY, Li X, Tu X, Han J, Zhao B, Yang YW. Tunable Photochromism of Spirooxazine in the Solid State: A New Design Strategy Based on the Hypochromic Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210551. [PMID: 36579725 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As an important organic photofunctional material, spirooxazine (SO) usually does not exhibit photochromism in the solid state since the intermolecular π-π stacking impedes photoisomerization. Developing photochromic SO in the solid state is crucial for practical applications but is still full of challenges. Here, a series of spirooxazine derivatives (SO1-SO4) with bulky aromatic substituents at the 4- and 7-positions of the skeleton, which provide them with a large volume with which to undergo solid-state photochromism under mild conditions, is designed and synthesized. All the compounds SO1-SO4 exhibit tunable solid photochromism without ground colors, excellent fatigue resistance, and high thermal stability. Notably, it takes only 15 s for SO4 to reach the saturation of absorption intensity, thought to represent the fastest solid-state photoresponse of spirooxazines. X-ray crystal structures of the intermediate compound SO0 and the products SO1-SO2 as well as computational studies suggest that the bulky aromatic groups can lead to a hypochromic effect, allowing for the photochromism of SO in the solid state. The ideal photochromic properties of these spirooxazines open a new avenue for their applications in UV printing, quick response code, and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Lou
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xi Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Controlled photoisomerization in acrylic copolymer nanoparticles based on spironaphthoxazine for reduced thermal reversion. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jenkins AJ, Mao Z, Kurimoto A, Mix LT, Frank N, Larsen DS. Ultrafast Spintronics: Dynamics of the Photoisomerization-Induced Spin-Charge Excited-State (PISCES) Mechanism in Spirooxazine-Based Photomagnetic Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5351-5357. [PMID: 30157382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The optical control of spin state is of interest in the development of spintronic materials for data processing and storage technologies. Photomagnetic effects at the single-molecule level have recently been observed in the thin film state at 300 K in photochromic cobalt dioxolenes. Visible light excitation leads to ring-closure of a photochromic spirooxazine bound to a cobalt dioxolene, which leads to generation of a high magnetization state. Formation of the photomagnetic state occurs through a photoisomerization-induced spin-charge excited-state process and is dictated by the spirooxazine ligand dynamics. Here, we report a mechanistic investigation by ultrafast spectroscopy in the UV-vis region of the photochemical ring-closing process in the parent spirooxazine, azahomoadamantylphenanthroline spirooxazine, and the photomagnetic spirooxazine cobalt-dioxolene complex. The cobalt appears to stabilize a photomerocycanine transient intermediate, presumably the TCC isomer, formed along the ground-state potential energy surface (PES). Structural changes associated with the TCC isomer induces formation of the high-spin Co(II) form, suggesting that magnetization dymanics can occur along the excited-state PES, leading to ultrafast switching on the ps time scale. We demonstrate the full ring closure of the spiro-oxazine ligand is not required to switch magnetization states which can be induced with a higher yielding isomerization reaction. The ability of this system to undergo optically induced spin state switching on the ps time scale in the solid state makes it a promising canididate for resistive nonvolatile memory technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Ziliang Mao
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Aiko Kurimoto
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , PO Box 1700 STN CSC1.5 , Victoria , British Columbia V8P 5C2up , Canada
| | - L Tyler Mix
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Natia Frank
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , PO Box 1700 STN CSC1.5 , Victoria , British Columbia V8P 5C2up , Canada
| | - Delmar S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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Breslin VM, Barbour NA, Dang DK, Lopez SA, Garcia-Garibay MA. Nanosecond laser flash photolysis of a 6-nitroindolinospiropyran in solution and in nanocrystalline suspension under single excitation conditions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:741-749. [PMID: 29796517 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00095f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy was used to study the photochemical ring-opening reaction for a 6-nitroindolinospiropyran (SP1) in solution and in nanocrystalline (NC) suspension at 298 K. We measured the kinetics in argon purged and air saturated acetonitrile and found that the presence of oxygen affected two out of the three components of the kinetic decay at 440 nm. These are assigned to the triplet excited states of the Z- and E-merocyanines (3Z-MC* and 3E-MC*). In contrast, a long-lived growth component at 550 nm and the decay of a band centered at 590 nm showed no dependence on oxygen and are assigned, respectively, to the ground state Z- and E-merocyanines (Z-MC0 and E-MC0). Laser flash photolysis studies performed in NC suspensions initially showed a very broad, featureless absorption spectrum that decayed uniformly for ca. 70 ns before revealing a more defined spectrum that persisted for greater than 4 ms and is consistent with a mixture of the more stable Z- and E-MC0 structures. We performed quantum mechanical calculations on the interconversion of E- and Z-MCs on the S0 and S1 potential energy surfaces. The computed UV-vis spectra for a scan along the Z → E interconversion reaction coordinate show substantial absorptivity from 300-600 nm, which suggests that the broad, featureless transient absorption spectrum results from the contribution of the transition structure and other high-energy species during the Z to E isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Breslin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Harada J, Kawazoe Y, Ogawa K. Photochromism of spiropyrans and spirooxazines in the solid state: low temperature enhances photocoloration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2593-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b925514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Suzuki M, Asahi T, Masuhara H. Photochromic Reaction of Microcrystalline 6-Nitroindolinospiropyran Studied by Femtosecond Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587250008023894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mototsugu Suzuki
- a Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University , Suita, Osaka , 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Asahi
- a Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University , Suita, Osaka , 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuhara
- a Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University , Suita, Osaka , 565-0871 , Japan
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Suzuki M, Asahi T, Masuhara H. Temperature dependence of ultrafast photoinduced ring-opening and -closure reactions of spironaphthooxazine in crystalline phase. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Suzuki M, Asahi T, Masuhara H. Cooperative Photochemical Reaction Mechanism of Femtosecond Laser-Induced Photocoloration in Spirooxazine Microcrystals. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:2396-403. [PMID: 16217813 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microcrystalline powders of spirooxazine and spiropyran compounds do not show photocoloration under steady-state illumination, whereas they undergo photochromism on intense femtosecond laser-pulse excitation. We investigated the characteristic mechanism of the crystalline photochromism by studying the photocoloration of spironaphthooxazine (SNO) and its chloro-substituted derivative (Cl-SNO) with our femtosecond diffuse-reflectance spectroscopic system. In particular, femtosecond double-pulse excitation using 390+780-nm pulses and 390+390-nm pulses, with a variable time interval between the two pulses, was applied to reveal an intermediate species involved in the photocoloration. Although 780-nm excitation of an intermediate produced by 390-nm excitation did not lead to isomerization, the 390+390-nm excitation resulted in photocoloration. The yield for SNO decreased on increasing the interval from 40 ps to 5 ns, while that for Cl-SNO was constant. The photocoloration mechanism in the crystalline phase is considered from the viewpoint of the time-dependent density of short-lived transient species, and it is concluded that cooperative interactions of excited states and nonplanar open forms play an important role in femtosecond laser-induced photochromism in these crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototsugu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Nishikiori H, Tanaka N, Takagi K, Fujii T. Solvent effect on fluorescence spectra of a spirooxazine. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2003. [DOI: 10.1163/156856703322149026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ultrafast dynamics of photoinduced ring-opening and the subsequent ring-closure reactions of spirooxazines in crystalline state. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Asahi T, Suzuki M, Masuhara H. Cooperative Photochemical Reaction in Molecular Crystal Induced by Intense Femtosecond Laser Excitation: Photochromism of Spironaphthooxazine. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0129838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Asahi
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuhara
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Masubuchi T, Fukumura H, Masuhara H, Suzuki K, Hayashi N. Laser-induced decomposition and ablation dynamics studied by nanosecond interferometry. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(01)00585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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