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Lin YW, Sawyer EB, Wang J. Rational heme protein design: all roads lead to Rome. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2534-44. [PMID: 23704071 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Heme proteins are among the most abundant and important metalloproteins, exerting diverse biological functions including oxygen transport, small molecule sensing, selective C-H bond activation, nitrite reduction, and electron transfer. Rational heme protein designs focus on the modification of the heme-binding active site and the heme group, protein hybridization and domain swapping, and de novo design. These strategies not only provide us with unique advantages for illustrating the structure-property-reactivity-function (SPRF) relationship of heme proteins in nature but also endow us with the ability to create novel biocatalysts and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001 (China)
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Hayashi T, Sato H, Matsuo T, Matsuda T, Hitomi Y, Hisaeda Y. Enhancement of enzymatic activity for myoglobins by modification of heme-propionate side chains. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424604000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The modification of myoglobin is an attractive process not only for understanding its molecular mechanism but also for engineering the protein function. The strategy of myoglobin functionalization can be divided into at least two approaches: site-directed mutagenesis and reconstitution with a non-natural prosthetic group. The former method enables us to mainly modulate the physiological function, while the latter has the advantage of introducing a new function on the protein. Particularly, replacement of the native hemin with an artificially created hemin having hydrophobic moieties at the terminal of the heme-propionate side chains serves as an appropriate substrate-binding site near the heme pocket, and consequently enhances the peroxidase and peroxygenase activities for the reconstituted myoglobin. In addition, the incorporation of the synthetic hemin bearing modified heme-propionates into an appropriate apomyoglobin mutant drastically enhances the peroxidase activity. In contrast, to convert myoglobin into a cytochrome P450 enzyme, a flavin moiety as an electron transfer mediator was introduced at the terminal of the heme-propionate side chain. The flavomyoglobin catalyzes the deformylation of 2-phenylpropanal in the presence of NADH under aerobic conditions through the peroxoanion formation from the oxygenated species. In addition, modification of the heme-propionate side chains has an significant influence on regulating the reactivity of the horseradish peroxidase. Furthermore, the heme-propionate side chain can form a metal binding site with a carboxylate residue in the heme pocket. These studies indicate that modification of the heme-propionate side chains can be a new and effective way to engineer functions for the hemoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hayashi
- PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hideaki Sato
- PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsuda
- PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hitomi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hisaeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Matsuo T, Hayashi T. Electron transfer and oxidase activities in reconstituted hemoproteins with chemically modified cofactors. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609001340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protoheme IX is a typical iron porphyrin cofactor, showing a variety of reactivities in many hemoproteins under the reaction environments provided by protein matrices. Chemical modification of the protoheme cofactor is expected to be a versatile strategy to design hemoproteins possessing unique functions. This review focuses on the conversion of a hemoprotein, mainly myoglobin (an oxygen-storage hemoprotein), into a protein having different functions from the original ones by replacement of the protoheme cofactor with synthetic cofactors. The myoglobin having anionic patches pended to the heme propionates effectively binds electron-accepting proteins or small cationic organic molecules on the protein surface, resulting in enhanced efficiency of the photoinduced electron transfers from the myoglobin to these electron acceptors. Furthermore, the peroxidase and peroxygenase activities are also enhanced due to the facile substrate accesses. The attachment of the chemically active moiety such as flavin at the heme terminal is also important to give P450-like function to the native myoglobin. The employment of a structural isomer of porphyrin as an artificial cofactor gives rise to remarkably high dioxygen affinity and peroxidase activity in myoglobin, and allows us to easily detect high-valent species of the porphyrin isomer in HRP. These examples provide a clear insight into hemoprotein modifications based on synthetic chemistry as well as genetic amino acid mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Matsuo T, Fukumoto K, Watanabe T, Hayashi T. Precise Design of Artificial Cofactors for Enhancing Peroxidase Activity of Myoglobin: Myoglobin Mutant H64D Reconstituted with a “Single-Winged Cofactor” Is Equivalent to Native Horseradish Peroxidase in Oxidation Activity. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2491-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wojaczyńska E, Wojaczyński J. Enantioselective synthesis of sulfoxides: 2000-2009. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4303-56. [PMID: 20415478 DOI: 10.1021/cr900147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Wojaczyńska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspiańskiego 27, 50 370 Wrocław, Poland.
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Bröring M, Brégier F, Burghaus O, Kleeberg C. A Biomimetic Copper Corrole - Preparation, Characterization, and Reconstitution with Horse Heart Apomyoglobin. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Inorganic chemistry and biology can benefit greatly from each other. Although synthetic and physical inorganic chemistry have been greatly successful in clarifying the role of metal ions in biological systems, the time may now be right to utilize biological systems to advance coordination chemistry. One such example is the use of small, stable, easy-to-make, and well-characterized proteins as ligands to synthesize novel inorganic compounds. This biosynthetic inorganic chemistry is possible thanks to a number of developments in biology. This review summarizes the progress in the synthesis of close models of complex metalloproteins, followed by a description of recent advances in using the approach for making novel compounds that are unprecedented in either inorganic chemistry or biology. The focus is mainly on synthetic "tricks" learned from biology, as well as novel structures and insights obtained. The advantages and disadvantages of this biosynthetic approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Guallar V, Olsen B. The role of the heme propionates in heme biochemistry. J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:755-60. [PMID: 16513175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Revised: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous studies, relying on both experimental and theoretical observations, illustrating the active role of the heme propionates in regulating electron delivery to the iron center as well as biochemical properties of the heme. Evidences for this come from a wide variety of heme containing systems: cytochromes, heme peroxidases, globins, etc. Here, we shortly summarize these studies and revisit previous theoretical calculations (V. Guallar, M.H. Baik, S.J. Lippard, R.A. Friesner, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 (2003) 6998-7002) where the propionate groups induced the delocalization of the spin density in the cytochrome P450cam putative active species, Compound I. We introduce novel data, obtained by means of mixed quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics methods, indicating a larger electron delocalization into the protein. We also present novel results based on the recent migration of spin density observed by Barrows et al. (T.P. Barrows, T.L. Poulos, Biochemistry 44 (2005) 14062-68) on an ascorbate peroxidase mutant. All this data strongly supports the importance of the propionate groups in tuning the heme electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Guallar
- Department of Biochemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, 700 S. Euclid, Room 112, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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Hitomi Y, Mukai H, Yoshimura H, Tanaka T, Funabiki T. Non-covalent modification of the heme-pocket of apomyoglobin by a 1,10-phenanthroline derivative. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:248-51. [PMID: 16249084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To expand the repertoire of artificial enzymes that are constructed by replacing the natural prosthetic group of hemoproteins with non-natural cofactors, we examined incorporation of a non-porphyrinic ligand (1) into the heme-pocket of apomyoglobin in a non-covalent fashion. Ligand 1 is a highly conjugated 1,10-phenanthroline derivative, which shares some structural features with protoporphyrin IX; for example, molecular size and arrangement of hydrophobic and anionic parts. Addition of apomyoglobin to a solution of 1 induces clear changes in the absorption spectrum of 1, suggesting one-to-one incorporation of 1 into the heme cavity of apomyoglobin with an affinity of 6.3 x 10(6)M(-1). We found that the hydrolytic activity of apomyoglobin toward p-nitrophenyl hexanoate was greatly suppressed because of the incorporation of 1 into the heme-pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hitomi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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Sakamoto S, Kudo K. Design and Synthesis of Semi-Artificial Myoglobin Possessing DNA-Binding Peptides on Heme Propionates. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.78.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mahammed A, Gross Z. Albumin-Conjugated Corrole Metal Complexes: Extremely Simple Yet Very Efficient Biomimetic Oxidation Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:2883-7. [PMID: 15740123 DOI: 10.1021/ja045372c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An extremely simple biomimetic oxidation system, consisting of mixing metal complexes of amphiphilic corroles with serum albumins, utilizes hydrogen peroxide for asymmetric sulfoxidation in up to 74% ee. The albumin-conjugated manganese corroles also display catalase-like activity, and mechanistic evidence points toward oxidant-coordinated manganese(III) as the prime reaction intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Mahammed
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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