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Orbay S, Sanyal A. Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Particles Created Using Droplet-Based Microfluidics: Preparation and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:763. [PMID: 37420996 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed increased attention to the use of droplet-based microfluidics as a tool for the fabrication of microparticles due to this method's ability to exploit fluid mechanics to create materials with a narrow range of sizes. In addition, this approach offers a controllable way to configure the composition of the resulting micro/nanomaterials. To date, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in particle form have been prepared using various polymerization methods for several applications in biology and chemistry. However, the traditional approach, that is, the production of microparticles through grinding and sieving, generally leads to poor control over particle size and distribution. Droplet-based microfluidics offers an attractive alternative for the fabrication of molecularly imprinted microparticles. This mini-review aims to present recent examples highlighting the application of droplet-based microfluidics to fabricate molecularly imprinted polymeric particles for applications in the chemical and biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Orbay
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24002, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
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TAKEUCHI T, HAYASHI T, ICHIKAWA S, KAJI A, MASUI M, MATSUMOTO H, SASAO R. Molecularly Imprinted Tailor-Made Functional Polymer Receptors for Highly Sensitive and Selective Separation and Detection of Target Molecules. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2016.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ayaka KAJI
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University
| | | | | | - Reo SASAO
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University
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Takimoto K, Takano E, Kitayama Y, Takeuchi T. Synthesis of Monodispersed Submillimeter-Sized Molecularly Imprinted Particles Selective for Human Serum Albumin Using Inverse Suspension Polymerization in Water-in-Oil Emulsion Prepared Using Microfluidics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:4981-4987. [PMID: 25855367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized monodispersed submillimeter-sized (100 μm-1 mm) microgels by inverse suspension polymerization of water-soluble monomer species with a photoinitiator in water-in-oil (W/O) droplets formed by the microchannel. After fundamental investigations of the selection of suitable surfactants, surfactant concentration, and flow rate, we successfully prepared monodispersed submillimeter-sized W/O droplets. Because radical polymerization based on thermal initiation was not appropriated based on colloidal stability, we selected photoinitiation, which resulted in the successful synthesis of monodispersed submillimeter-sized microgels with sufficient colloidal stability. The microgel size was controlled by the flow rate of the oil phase, which maintained the monodispersity. In addition, the submillimeter-sized microgels exhibit high affinity and selective binding toward HSA utilizing molecular imprinting. We believe the monodispersed submillimeter-sized molecularly imprinted microgels can be used as affinity column packing materials without any biomolecules, such as antibodies, for sample pretreatment to remove unwanted proteins without a pump system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Takimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Eri Takano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiya Kitayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Whitcombe MJ, Kirsch N, Nicholls IA. Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years 2004-2011. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:297-401. [PMID: 24700625 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed.
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Nunes JK, Tsai SSH, Wan J, Stone HA. Dripping and jetting in microfluidic multiphase flows applied to particle and fiber synthesis. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2013; 46:114002. [PMID: 23626378 PMCID: PMC3634598 DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/46/11/114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Dripping and jetting regimes in microfluidic multiphase flows have been investigated extensively, and this review summarizes the main observations and physical understandings in this field to date for three common device geometries: coaxial, flow-focusing and T-junction. The format of the presentation allows for simple and direct comparison of the different conditions for drop and jet formation, as well as the relative ease and utility of forming either drops or jets among the three geometries. The emphasis is on the use of drops and jets as templates for microparticle and microfiber syntheses, and a description is given of the more common methods of solidification and strategies for achieving complex multicomponent microparticles and microfibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Nunes
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - S S H Tsai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - J Wan
- Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - H A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
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Zhang J, Tan J, Wang K, Lu Y, Luo G. Chlorohydrination of Allyl Chloride to Dichloropropanol in a Microchemical System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301816k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Zhang
- The State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Tan
- The State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangcheng Lu
- The State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Synthesis of bioactive microcapsules using a microfluidic device. SENSORS 2012; 12:10136-47. [PMID: 23112592 PMCID: PMC3472820 DOI: 10.3390/s120810136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive microcapsules containing Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) spores were generated by a combination of a hydro gel, microfluidic device and chemical polymerization method. As a proof-of-principle, we used BT spores displaying enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) on the spore surface to spatially direct the EGFP-presenting spores within microcapsules. BT spore-encapsulated microdroplets of uniform size and shape are prepared through a flow-focusing method in a microfluidic device and converted into microcapsules through hydrogel polymerization. The size of microdroplets can be controlled by changing both the dispersion and continuous flow rate. Poly(N-isoproplyacrylamide) (PNIPAM), known as a hydrogel material, was employed as a biocompatible material for the encapsulation of BT spores and long-term storage and outstanding stability. Due to these unique properties of PNIPAM, the nutrients from Luria-Bertani complex medium diffused into the microcapsules and the microencapsulated spores germinated into vegetative cells under adequate environmental conditions. These results suggest that there is no limitation of transferring low-molecular-weight-substrates through the PNIPAM structures, and the viability of microencapsulated spores was confirmed by the culture of vegetative cells after the germinations. This microfluidic-based microencapsulation methodology provides a unique way of synthesizing bioactive microcapsules in a one-step process. This microfluidic-based strategy would be potentially suitable to produce microcapsules of various microbial spores for on-site biosensor analysis.
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Steegmans MLJ, De Ruiter J, Schroën KGPH, Boom RM. A descriptive force-balance model for droplet formation at microfluidic Y-junctions. AIChE J 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Steegmans MLJ, Schroën KGPH, Boom RM. Microfluidic Y-junctions: A robust emulsification system with regard to junction design. AIChE J 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Steegmans MLJ, Warmerdam A, Schroën KGPH, Boom RM. Dynamic interfacial tension measurements with microfluidic Y-junctions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:9751-8. [PMID: 19583180 DOI: 10.1021/la901103r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Emulsification in microdevices (microfluidic emulsification) involves micrometer-sized droplets and fast interface expansion rates. In addition, droplets are formed in less than milliseconds, and therefore traditional tensiometric techniques cannot be used to quantify the actual interfacial tension. In this paper, monodisperse droplets formed at flat microfluidic Y-junctions were used to quantify the apparent dynamic interfacial tension during (microfluidic) emulsification. Hexadecane droplets were formed in ethanol-water solutions with a range of static interfacial tensions to derive a calibration curve, which was subsequently used to access the dynamic interfacial tension of hexadecane droplets formed in surfactant solutions. For SDS and Synperonic PEF108, various continuous- and disperse-phase (hexadecane) flow rates were studied, and these conditions were linked to interfacial tension effects, which also allowed convective transport of surfactants to be investiagted. On the basis of these findings, various strategies for the formation of emulsion droplets can be followed and are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje L J Steegmans
- Food Engineering Group, Department ATV, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Steegmans MLJ, Schroën KGPH, Boom RM. Characterization of emulsification at flat microchannel Y junctions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:3396-3401. [PMID: 19231876 DOI: 10.1021/la8035852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Y junctions with a large width-to-depth ratio were used for the emulsification of hexadecane in various ethanol-water mixtures with different static interfacial tension and viscosity. The resulting droplets were monodisperse. To describe droplet size a force-balance model was derived and was found to apply well. The model shows that the droplet size scales with the channel depth, and with the square root of the inverse capillary number (Ca-1/2) based on the continuous phase, the disperse-phase flow rate was found to be unimportant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje L J Steegmans
- Food Engineering Group, Department ATV, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidic systems have been shown to be compatible with many chemical and biological reagents and capable of performing a variety of "digital fluidic" operations that can be rendered programmable and reconfigurable. This platform has dimensional scaling benefits that have enabled controlled and rapid mixing of fluids in the droplet reactors, resulting in decreased reaction times. This, coupled with the precise generation and repeatability of droplet operations, has made the droplet-based microfluidic system a potent high throughput platform for biomedical research and applications. In addition to being used as microreactors ranging from the nano- to femtoliter range; droplet-based systems have also been used to directly synthesize particles and encapsulate many biological entities for biomedicine and biotechnology applications. This review will focus on the various droplet operations, as well as the numerous applications of the system. Due to advantages unique to droplet-based systems, this technology has the potential to provide novel solutions to today's biomedical engineering challenges for advanced diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shia-Yen Teh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Hessel V, Löb P, Krtschil U, Löwe H. Microstructured Reactors for Development and Production in Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007:205-40. [PMID: 17695717 DOI: 10.1007/2789_2007_035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The true potential of microprocess technology for process intensification is not yet fully clear and needs to be actively explored, although more and more industrial case stories provide information. This paper uses a shortcut cost analysis to show the major cost portions for processes conducted by microstructured reactors. This leads to predicting novel chemical protocol conditions, which are tailored for microprocess technology and which are expected to highly intensify chemical processes. Some generic rules to approach this are termed new process windows, because they constitute a new approach to enabling chemistry. Using such process intensification together with scaled-out microstructured reactors, which is demonstrated by the example of gas-liquid microprocessing, paves the road to viable industrial microflow processes. Several such commercially oriented case studies are given. Without the use of new process windows conditions, microprocess technology will probably stick to niche applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, STW 1.35, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Ahmed-Omer B, Brandt JC, Wirth T. Advanced organic synthesis using microreactor technology. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:733-40. [PMID: 17315058 DOI: 10.1039/b615072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic synthesis in microreactors is a novel way of performing reactions in a highly controlled way. The benefits of microreactors result from their physical properties, such as enhanced mass and heat transfer as well as regular flow profiles leading to improved yields with increased selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Ahmed-Omer
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, UK
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