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Špačková J, Goldberga I, Yadav R, Cazals G, Lebrun A, Verdié P, Métro TX, Laurencin D. Fast and Cost-Efficient 17 O-Isotopic Labeling of Carboxylic Groups in Biomolecules: From Free Amino Acids to Peptide Chains. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203014. [PMID: 36333272 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
17 O NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique, which can provide unique information regarding the structure and reactivity of biomolecules. However, the low natural abundance of 17 O (0.04 %) generally requires working with enriched samples, which are not easily accessible. Here, we present simple, fast and cost-efficient 17 O-enrichment strategies for amino acids and peptides by using mechanochemistry. First, five unprotected amino acids were enriched under ambient conditions, consuming only microliter amounts of costly labeled water, and producing pure molecules with enrichment levels up to ∼40 %, yields ∼60-85 %, and no loss of optical purity. Subsequently, 17 O-enriched Fmoc/tBu-protected amino acids were produced on a 1 g/day scale with high enrichment levels. Lastly, a site-selective 17 O-labeling of carboxylic functions in peptide side-chains was achieved for RGD and GRGDS peptides, with ∼28 % enrichment level. For all molecules, 17 O ssNMR spectra were recorded at 14.1 T in reasonable times, making this an important step forward for future NMR studies of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rishit Yadav
- ICGM, CNRS, UM, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier, France
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2
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Klein BA, Tkachuk DG, Terskikh VV, Michaelis VK. Expanding the NMR toolkit for biological solids: oxygen-17 enriched Fmoc-amino acids. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02847b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the solid-state 17O NMR parameters for five previously uncharacterized N-α-fluoren-9-yl-methoxycarbonyl-O-t-butyl (Fmoc) protected amino acids.
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3
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Keeler EG, Michaelis VK, Colvin MT, Hung I, Gor'kov PL, Cross TA, Gan Z, Griffin RG. 17O MAS NMR Correlation Spectroscopy at High Magnetic Fields. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17953-17963. [PMID: 29111706 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The structure of two protected amino acids, FMOC-l-leucine and FMOC-l-valine, and a dipeptide, N-acetyl-l-valyl-l-leucine (N-Ac-VL), were studied via one- and two-dimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Utilizing 17O magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR at multiple magnetic fields (17.6-35.2 T/750-1500 MHz for 1H) the 17O quadrupolar and chemical shift parameters were determined for the two oxygen sites of each FMOC-protected amino acids and the three distinct oxygen environments of the dipeptide. The one- and two-dimensional, 17O, 15N-17O, 13C-17O, and 1H-17O double-resonance correlation experiments performed on the uniformly 13C,15N and 70% 17O-labeled dipeptide prove the attainability of 17O as a probe for structure studies of biological systems. 15N-17O and 13C-17O distances were measured via one-dimensional REAPDOR and ZF-TEDOR experimental buildup curves and determined to be within 15% of previously reported distances, thus demonstrating the use of 17O NMR to quantitate interatomic distances in a fully labeled dipeptide. Through-space hydrogen bonding of N-Ac-VL was investigated by a two-dimensional 1H-detected 17O R3-R-INEPT experiment, furthering the importance of 17O for studies of structure in biomolecular solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Keeler
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vladimir K Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael T Colvin
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ivan Hung
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Peter L Gor'kov
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Timothy A Cross
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Theodorou V, Skobridis K, Alivertis D, Gerothanassis IP. Synthetic methodologies in organic chemistry involving incorporation of [¹⁷O] and [¹⁸O] isotopes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:481-508. [PMID: 24996002 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review is a critical survey of the literature that aims to highlight the most significant developments on synthetic strategies involving stable oxygen isotopes ([(17)O] and [(18)O]). The labeling methodologies are categorized in groups, according to the oxygen-containing functional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Theodorou
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GR-451 10, Greece
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Seyfried MS, Lauber BS, Luedtke NW. Multiple-turnover isotopic labeling of Fmoc- and Boc-protected amino acids with oxygen isotopes. Org Lett 2010; 12:104-6. [PMID: 20035564 DOI: 10.1021/ol902519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the selective isotopic labeling of carboxylic acids is reported. By reacting an amino acid with excess carbodiimide and (18)OH(2), a kinetically enhanced multiple turnover reaction provides the (18)O-labeled product in high yield and excellent isotopic enrichment. This reaction is fully compatible with standard Fmoc, Boc, Trt, and OtBu protecting groups and provides a means to selectively label the alpha-carboxylic acids of functionalized amino acids with stable oxygen isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Seyfried
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Yamada K, Hashizume D, Shimizu T, Ohki S, Yokoyama S. A solid-state 17O NMR, X-ray, and quantum chemical study of N-α-Fmoc-protected amino acids. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Yamada K, Shimizu T, Yamazaki T, Sato A. A Solid-state17O NMR Study of β-Glycine: High Sensitivity of17O NMR Parameters to Hydrogen-bonding Interactions. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wylie BJ, Rienstra CM. Multidimensional solid state NMR of anisotropic interactions in peptides and proteins. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:052207. [PMID: 18266412 DOI: 10.1063/1.2834735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate determinations of chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensors are valuable for NMR of biological systems. In this review we describe recent developments in CSA measurement techniques and applications, particularly in the context of peptides and proteins. These techniques include goniometeric measurements of single crystals, slow magic-angle spinning studies of powder samples, and CSA recoupling under moderate to fast MAS. Experimental CSA data can be analyzed by comparison with ab initio calculations for structure determination and refinement. This approach has particularly high potential for aliphatic (13)C analysis, especially Calpha tensors which are directly related to structure. Carbonyl and (15)N CSA tensors demonstrate a more complex dependence upon hydrogen bonding and electrostatics, in addition to conformational dependence. The improved understanding of these tensors and the ability to measure them quantitatively provide additional opportunities for structure determination, as well as insights into dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Wylie
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Yamada K, Shimizu T, Ohki S, Yamazaki T. A solid-state 17O NMR study of L -phenylalanine and L -valine hydrochlorides. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46:226-234. [PMID: 18236436 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have presented an experimental investigation of the oxygen-17 chemical shielding (CS) and electric-field-gradient (EFG) tensors for alpha-COOH groups in polycrystalline amino acid hydrochlorides. The 17O CS and EFG tensors including the relative orientations between the two NMR tensors are determined in [17O]-L-phenylalanine hydrochloride and [17O]-L-valine hydrochloride by the analysis of the 17O magic-angle-spinning (MAS) and stationary NMR spectra obtained at 9.4, 11.7, 16.4, and 21.8 T. The quadrupole coupling constants (CQ) and the span of the CS tensors are found to be 8.41-8.55 MHz and 7.35-7.41MHz, and 548-570 ppm and 225-231 ppm, for carbonyl and hydroxyl oxygen atoms, respectively. Extensive quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) have been also carried out for a hydrogen-bonding model. It is demonstrated that the behavior of the dependence of hydrogen-bond distances on 17O NMR tensors for the halogen ions is different from those for the water molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yamada
- National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan.
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Yamada K, Shimizu T, Asanuma M, Yamazaki T, Yokoyama S. Experimental determination of orientations for the 17 O electric-field-gradient and chemical shielding tensors in L-alanine. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2008; 33:25-30. [PMID: 18055185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2007.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have presented a solid-state 17 O NMR study of [13C, 17 O]-L-alanine. Using the experimental results for the 13C-17 O dipolar vector and Euler angles, the absolute orientations of 17 O chemical shielding (CS) and electric-field-gradient (EFG) tensors with respect to the molecular frame can be determined for L-alanine. The present results suggest that the intermediate EFG tensor components, VYY, lie in the carboxylate plane and parallel to the C-O bond directions, while the least shielded components, delta11, and the intermediate CS tensor components, delta22, roughly lie in the molecular plane and the direction of delta22 components are approximately 38 degrees and 25 degrees off the C-O bonds for O1 and O2, respectively. These results are in reasonable agreement with those of our quantum chemical calculations reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yamada
- Tsukuba Magnet Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba 305-0003, Japan.
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Experimental determination of the carboxylate oxygen electric-field-gradient and chemical shielding tensors in l-alanine and l-phenylalanine. J Mol Struct 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yamada K, Shimizu T, Tansho M, Nemoto T, Asanuma M, Yoshida M, Yamazaki T, Hirota H. Solid-state 17O NMR study of the electric-field-gradient and chemical shielding tensors in polycrystalline amino acids. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2007; 45:547-56. [PMID: 17534877 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We have presented a systematic experimental investigation of carboxyl oxygen electric-field-gradient (EFG) and chemical shielding (CS) tensors in crystalline amino acids. Three 17O-enriched amino acids were prepared: L-aspartic acid, L-threonine, and L-tyrosine. Analysis of two-dimensional 17O multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning (MQMAS), MAS, and stationary NMR spectra yields the 17O CS, EFG tensors and the relative orientations between the two tensors for the amino acids. The values of quadrupolar coupling constants (CQ) are found to be in the range of 6.70-7.60 MHz. The values of deltaiso lie in the range of 268-292 ppm, while those of the delta11 and delta22 components vary from 428 to 502 ppm, and from 303 to 338 ppm, respectively. There is a significant correlation between the magnitudes of delta22 components and C--O bond lengths. Since C--O bond length may be related to hydrogen-bonding environments, solid-state 17O NMR has significant potential to provide insights into important aspects of hydrogen bonds in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yamada
- RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan.
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