1
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Lv YF, Liu G, Shi Z, Wang Z. Chromium Catalyzed Asymmetric Reformatsky Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406109. [PMID: 38837496 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This study describes an unprecedented chromium-catalyzed asymmetric Reformatsky reaction, enabling the synthesis of chiral β-hydroxy carbonyl compounds from α-chlorinated or α-brominated esters and amides. By employing a chiral chromium/diarylamine bis(oxazoline) catalyst, we achieved relatively broad functional group tolerance. Distinct from known reports, the protocol operates under both classical and photoredox conditions, facilitated by the in situ formation of a nucleophilic chiral chromium intermediate through a radical-polar crossover mechanism. Preliminary mechanistic insights, supported by DFT calculations, identify the nucleophilic aldehyde addition as the key stereo-determining step. This approach not only overcomes the limitations of existing Reformatsky reactions but also provides a versatile strategy for accessing complex chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhaoxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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2
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Karthik Y, Ishwara Kalyani M, Krishnappa S, Devappa R, Anjali Goud C, Ramakrishna K, Wani MA, Alkafafy M, Hussen Abduljabbar M, Alswat AS, Sayed SM, Mushtaq M. Antiproliferative activity of antimicrobial peptides and bioactive compounds from the mangrove Glutamicibacter mysorens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1096826. [PMID: 36876075 PMCID: PMC9982118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1096826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Glutamicibacter group of microbes is known for antibiotic and enzyme production. Antibiotics and enzymes produced by them are important in the control, protection, and treatment of chronic human diseases. In this study, the Glutamicibacter mysorens (G. mysorens) strain MW647910.1 was isolated from mangrove soil in the Mangalore region of India. After optimization of growth conditions for G. mysorens on starch casein agar media, the micromorphology of G. mysorens was found to be spirally coiled spore chain, each spore visualized as an elongated cylindrical hairy appearance with curved edges visualized through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis. The culture phenotype with filamentous mycelia, brown pigmentation, and ash-colored spore production was observed. The intracellular extract of G. mysorens characterized through GCMS analysis detected bioactive compounds reported for pharmacological applications. The majority of bioactive compounds identified in intracellular extract when compared to the NIST library revealed molecular weight ranging below 1kgmole-1. The Sephadex G-10 could result in 10.66 fold purification and eluted peak protein fraction showed significant anticancer activity on the prostate cancer cell line. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed Kinetin-9-ribose and Embinin with a molecular weight below 1 kDa. This study showed small molecular weight bioactive compounds produced from microbial origin possess dual roles, acting as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and anticancer peptides (ACPs). Hence, the bioactive compounds produced from microbial origin are a promising source of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalpi Karthik
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjula Ishwara Kalyani
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivasa Krishnappa
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramakrishna Devappa
- Dr. C.D Sagar Centre for Life Sciences, Biotechnology Department, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bengaluru, India
| | - Chengeshpur Anjali Goud
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishnaveni Ramakrishna
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari, Karnataka, India
| | - Muneeb Ahmad Wani
- Division of Floriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohamed Alkafafy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Maram Hussen Abduljabbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal S Alswat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Sayed
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muntazir Mushtaq
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Division of Germplasm Evaluation, New Delhi, India.,MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management, Bajhol, Himachal Pradesh, India
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3
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Dokli I, Ožegović A, Šimanović A, Hromin M, Knežević A, Višnjevac A, Lesac A. Enantioselective Synthesis of 3-Aryl-3-hydroxypropanoic Esters as Subunits for Chiral Liquid Crystals. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14045-14057. [PMID: 36221167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chiral liquid crystals (LCs) with their unique optical and mechanical properties are perspective functional soft materials for fundamental science and advanced technological applications. Herein, we introduce the chiral 3-aryl-3-hydroxypropanoic ester moiety as a versatile building block for the preparation of LC compounds. Three chiral subunits differing in the aromatic part were obtained through asymmetric transfer hydrogenation using Ru(II) complexes with ee from 98% to >99%. Chiral LC compounds of diverse topologies were further prepared without deterioration of the ee during the synthesis. The mesomorphic behavior of rod-shaped, bent-shaped flexible dimeric, and polycatenar LCs is consistent with their topology─chiral nematic and smectic phases were identified as well as the rarely observed twist grain boundary A and blue phases. The utilization of synthetic chiral building blocks offers the possibility of fine tuning the intermolecular interactions by subtle changes in the molecular structure as well as the preparation of the corresponding racemic forms. This paves the way for the study of self-organization and the structure-property relationship in chiral soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Dokli
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Matija Hromin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Andreja Lesac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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4
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Tarui A, Karuo Y, Sato K, Kawai K, Omote M. Stereoselective Synthesis of Multisubstituted α-fluoro-β-lactams. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200221114707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactams, found in β-lactam antibiotics, are the structurally distorted cyclic
compounds being subjected to nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction. α-Fluorination of β
-lactams is a simple and expedient approach to control the reactivity of β-lactam ring toward
nucleophilic attack, which would hopefully lead to the new design of future antibiotics.
From the viewpoint of obtaining multisubstituted α-fluoro-β-lactams, α-bromo-α-
fluoro-β-lactams are considered as key compounds for structure functionalization, including
nucleophilic substitution reaction, aldol-type reaction and metal-catalyzed crosscoupling
reaction. All the reactions can be conducted smoothly to afford a variety of multisubstituted
α-fluoro-β-lactams. During the course of the examination, chiral α,α-difluoro-
β-lactams and α -bromo-β-fluoro-α-lactams are successfully obtained, which are considered
potent precursors for making stereocontrolled multisubstituted α-fluoro-β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tarui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Yukiko Karuo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Masaaki Omote
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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5
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Luo R, Chen MM, Ouyang L, Chan ASC, Lu G. Enantioselective Reformatsky Reaction of Ketones Catalyzed by Chiral Indolinylmethanol. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renshi Luo
- Department Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; 510006 Guangzhou P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Gannan Medical University; 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Miao-Miao Chen
- Department Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; 510006 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lu Ouyang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Gannan Medical University; 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- Department Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; 510006 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Gui Lu
- Department Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; 510006 Guangzhou P. R. China
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6
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Ouyang L, Xia Y, Wei Y, Liao J, Luo R. Highly Catalytic Enantioselective Reformatsky Reaction with Aldehydes and Ketones Using an Available Prolinol Ligand. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16967-16975. [PMID: 32685867 PMCID: PMC7366354 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A highly Me2Zn-mediated catalytic enantioselective Reformatsky reaction of aldehydes and ketones with ethyl iodoacetate using a readily available prolinol ligand is reported. This reaction provides an efficient method for the construction of β-hydroxy esters in up to 98% yield and 95% enantiomeric excess (ee) value. A wide range of functional groups are tolerated and the practicality of this protocol is demonstrated by performing the reaction on a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ouyang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical
University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - YanPing Xia
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical
University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - YiFei Wei
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical
University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Liao
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical
University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Renshi Luo
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical
University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
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7
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Maestro A, Martinez de Marigorta E, Palacios F, Vicario J. Enantioselective Aza-Reformatsky Reaction with Ketimines. Org Lett 2019; 21:9473-9477. [PMID: 31729883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, an enantioselective aza-Reformatsky reaction using acyclic ketimine substrates is presented. Using α-phosphorated ketimines as electrophilic substrates and a simple BINOL-derived ligand, phosphorated analogues of aspartic acid holding chiral tetrasubstituted carbons are efficiently obtained with excellent enantioselectivity through an asymmetric organocatalytic Reformatsky-type reaction. The phosphorated analogues of aspartic acid have been used for the synthesis of phosphorus-containing enantiopure tetrasubstituted β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Maestro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I , Facultad de Farmacia, University of the Basque Country , UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7 , 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
| | - Edorta Martinez de Marigorta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I , Facultad de Farmacia, University of the Basque Country , UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7 , 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I , Facultad de Farmacia, University of the Basque Country , UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7 , 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
| | - Javier Vicario
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I , Facultad de Farmacia, University of the Basque Country , UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7 , 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
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8
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Pellissier H. Recent developments in the asymmetric Reformatsky-type reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:325-344. [PMID: 29507638 PMCID: PMC5815279 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review collects the most important developments in asymmetric Reformatsky-type reactions published since the beginning of 2013, including both diastereoselective methodologies based on the use of chiral substrates and enantioselective catalytic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pellissier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
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9
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Hayashi M. Progress of Chiral Schiff Bases withC1Symmetry in Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions. CHEM REC 2016; 16:2708-2735. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science; Kobe University; Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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10
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Tarui A. [Stereoselective Synthesis of Multi-substituted Fluoro-β-lactams and Their Conversion to Fluorinated β-Amino Acid Core]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2015; 135:1245-53. [PMID: 26521873 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multi-substituted β-lactam compounds have not only attracted considerable interest as core structures of pharmaceutical compounds such as antibiotics but also have been used as building blocks for the construction of β-amino acids. Electrophilic β-lactams can be used to enhance essential biological activities. Furthermore, the ring-opening reactions of electrophilic β-lactams can be used to provide facile access to β-amino acids. The introduction of an electronegative fluorine atom to a β-lactam ring to give the corresponding fluoro-β-lactam can be used as an effective strategy for the preparation of electrophilic β-lactams. In this review, we provide a summary of our recent research towards the direct functionalization of fluoro-β-lactams. This review has been divided into four topics, including: 1) the alkylation and hydroxyalkylation of α-bromo-α-fluoro-β-lactams (1); 2) the nickel-catalyzed cross coupling reaction of 1; 3) the asymmetric synthesis of fluoro-β-lactams using chiral ligands; and 4) the utilization of fluoro-β-lactams as highly electrophilic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tarui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
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11
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12
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Li Y, He B. Asymmetric Reformatsky Reaction of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Novel β-Amino Alcohols and Zinc Complexes. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.879898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- a School of Basic Medical Science , Guiyang Medical College , Guiyang , Guizhou , China
| | - Bin He
- b School of Pharmacy , Guiyang Medical College , Guiyang , Guizhou , China
- c Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education) , Guiyang Medical College , Guiyang , Guizhou , China
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13
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Tarui A, Nishimura H, Ikebata T, Tahira A, Sato K, Omote M, Minami H, Miwa Y, Ando A. Ligand-Promoted Asymmetric Imino-Reformatsky Reaction of Ethyl Dibromofluoroacetate. Org Lett 2014; 16:2080-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500631j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tarui
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Haruka Nishimura
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikebata
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Asuka Tahira
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sato
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Masaaki Omote
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Hideki Minami
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Miwa
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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14
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Fernández-Ibáñez MÁ, Maciá B, Alonso DA, Pastor IM. Recent Advances in the Catalytic Enantioselective Reformatsky Reaction. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Mineno M, Sawai Y, Kanno K, Sawada N, Mizufune H. Double Reformatsky Reaction: Divergent Synthesis of δ-Hydroxy-β-ketoesters. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5843-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400408t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Mineno
- Chemical
Development Laboratories, CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-17-85, Juso-honmachi,
Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sawai
- Chemical
Development Laboratories, CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-17-85, Juso-honmachi,
Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kanno
- Chemical
Development Laboratories, CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-17-85, Juso-honmachi,
Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Naotaka Sawada
- Chemical
Development Laboratories, CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-17-85, Juso-honmachi,
Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Hideya Mizufune
- Chemical
Development Laboratories, CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-17-85, Juso-honmachi,
Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
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16
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Dhayalan V, Murakami R, Hayashi M. Practical preparation of chiral keto-imine type ONO Schiff base ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Fornalczyk M, Singh K, Stuart AM. Enantioselective Reformatsky reaction of ethyl iododifluoroacetate with ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3332-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25081k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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19
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Synthesis of heteroaromatic compounds by oxidative aromatization using an activated carbon/molecular oxygen system. Molecules 2009; 14:3073-93. [PMID: 19701145 PMCID: PMC6254805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14083073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of heteroaromatic compounds, such as substituted pyridines, pyrazoles, indoles, 2-substituted imidazoles, 2-substituted imidazoles, 2-arylbenzazoles and pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones are synthesized by oxidative aromatization using the activated carbon and molecular oxygen system. Mechanistic study focused on the role of activated carbon in the synthesis of 2-arylbenzazoles is also discussed. In the final section, we will disclose the efficient synthesis of substituted 9,10-anthracenes via oxidative aromatization.
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