1
|
Sugawara T, Matsuo M, Suzuki K. Construction of Artificial Cell as an Autonomous Supramolecular Machine. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muneyuki Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
A protocell with fusion and division. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1909-1919. [PMID: 31819942 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A protocell is a synthetic form of cellular life that is constructed from phospholipid vesicles and used to understand the emergence of life from a nonliving chemical network. To be considered 'living', a protocell should be capable of self-proliferation, which includes successive growth and division processes. The growth of protocells can be achieved via vesicle fusion approaches. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent research on the formation of a protocell, fusion and division processes of the protocell, and encapsulation of a defined chemical network such as the genetic material. We also provide some perspectives on the challenges and future developments of synthetic protocell research.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ishii I, Ominato Y, Karasawa A, Takahashi T, Matsuo M, Suzuki K, Sugawara T. Morphological Changes of Kinetically Trapped Tubular Vesicles Driven by the Production of Synthetic Phospholipids in a Vesicular Membrane. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibuki Ishii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Yuka Ominato
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Akane Karasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Muneyuki Matsuo
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Biomolecular Functions, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sugawara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matsuo M, Ohyama S, Sakurai K, Toyota T, Suzuki K, Sugawara T. A sustainable self-reproducing liposome consisting of a synthetic phospholipid. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 222:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
5
|
Nakagawa KM, Noguchi H. Bilayer sheet protrusions and budding from bilayer membranes induced by hydrolysis and condensation reactions. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:1397-1407. [PMID: 29383371 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02326j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Shape transformations of flat bilayer membranes and vesicles induced by hydrolysis and condensation reactions of amphiphilic molecules are studied using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The hydrolysis and condensation reactions result in the formation and dissociation of amphiphilic molecules, respectively. Asymmetric reactions between the inner and outer leaflets of a vesicle can transport amphiphilic molecules between the leaflets. It is found that the resulting area difference between the two leaflets induces bilayer sheet protrusion (BP) and budding at low reduced volumes of the vesicles, whereas BP only occurs at high reduced volumes. The probabilities of these two types of transformations depend on the shear viscosity of the surrounding fluids compared to the membrane as well as the reaction rates. A higher surrounding fluid viscosity leads to more BP formation. The inhomogeneous spatial distribution of the hydrophobic reaction products forms the nuclei of BP formation, and faster diffusion of the products enhances BP formation. Our results suggest that adjustment of the viscosity is important to control membrane shape transformations in experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koh M Nakagawa
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kurihara K, Matsuo M, Yamaguchi T, Sato S. Synthetic Approach to biomolecular science by cyborg supramolecular chemistry. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1862:358-364. [PMID: 29129642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To imitate the essence of living systems via synthetic chemistry approaches has been attempted. With the progress in supramolecular chemistry, it has become possible to synthesize molecules of a size and complexity close to those of biomacromolecules. Recently, the combination of precisely designed supramolecules with biomolecules has generated structural platforms for designing and creating unique molecular systems. Bridging between synthetic chemistry and biomolecular science is also developing methodologies for the creation of artificial cellular systems. SCOPE OF REVIEW This paper provides an overview of the recently expanding interdisciplinary research to fuse artificial molecules with biomolecules, that can deepen our understanding of the dynamical ordering of biomolecules. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Using bottom-up approaches based on the precise chemical design, synthesis and hybridization of artificial molecules with biological materials have been realizing the construction of sophisticated platforms having the fundamental functions of living systems. The effective hybrid, molecular cyborg, approaches enable not only the establishment of dynamic systems mimicking nature and thus well-defined models for biophysical understanding, but also the creation of those with highly advanced, integrated functions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Biophysical Exploration of Dynamical Ordering of Biomolecular Systems" edited by Dr. Koichi Kato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kurihara
- Department of Bioorganization Research, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Muneyuki Matsuo
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamaguchi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan.
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Suzuki K, Sugawara T. Phototaxis of Oil Droplets Comprising a Caged Fatty Acid Tightly Linked to Internal Convection. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:2300-3. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Kanagawa University; 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka Kanagawa 259-1293 Japan
| | - Tadashi Sugawara
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Kanagawa University; 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka Kanagawa 259-1293 Japan
- Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute; 41-1, Yokomichi, Nagakute Aichi 480-1192 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Self-reproducing catalyst drives repeated phospholipid synthesis and membrane growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:8187-92. [PMID: 26100914 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1506704112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell membranes are dynamic structures found in all living organisms. There have been numerous constructs that model phospholipid membranes. However, unlike natural membranes, these biomimetic systems cannot sustain growth owing to an inability to replenish phospholipid-synthesizing catalysts. Here we report on the design and synthesis of artificial membranes embedded with synthetic, self-reproducing catalysts capable of perpetuating phospholipid bilayer formation. Replacing the complex biochemical pathways used in nature with an autocatalyst that also drives lipid synthesis leads to the continual formation of triazole phospholipids and membrane-bound oligotriazole catalysts from simpler starting materials. In addition to continual phospholipid synthesis and vesicle growth, the synthetic membranes are capable of remodeling their physical composition in response to changes in the environment by preferentially incorporating specific precursors. These results demonstrate that complex membranes capable of indefinite self-synthesis can emerge when supplied with simpler chemical building blocks.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakagawa KM, Noguchi H. Morphological changes of amphiphilic molecular assemblies induced by chemical reactions. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:1403-11. [PMID: 25582908 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02571g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Shape transformations of amphiphilic molecular assemblies induced by chemical reactions are studied using coarse-grained molecular simulations. A binding reaction between hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules is considered. It is found that the reaction induces transformation of an oil droplet to a tubular vesicle via bicelles and vesicles with discoidal arms. The discoidal arms close into vesicles, which are subsequently fused into the tubular vesicle. Under the chemical reaction, the bicelle-to-vesicle transition occurs at smaller sizes than in the absence of the hydrophobic molecules. It is revealed that the enhancement of this transition is due to embedded hydrophobic particles that reduce the membrane bending rigidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koh M Nakagawa
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kageyama Y, Tanigake N, Kurokome Y, Iwaki S, Takeda S, Suzuki K, Sugawara T. Macroscopic motion of supramolecular assemblies actuated by photoisomerization of azobenzene derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:9386-8. [PMID: 23793067 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43488e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Submillimetre size self-assemblies composed of oleate and azobenzene derivatives show forceful motions such as screw-type coiling-recoiling motion by photoirradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kageyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Takakura K, Yamamoto T, Kurihara K, Toyota T, Ohnuma K, Sugawara T. Spontaneous transformation from micelles to vesicles associated with sequential conversions of comprising amphiphiles within assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2190-2. [PMID: 24429723 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47786j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A morphological transformation from hybrid micelles to giant vesicles was observed in aqueous dispersion associated with formation of a double-chained amphiphile as a result of the migration of dodecylamine from the amphiphilic imine to the amphiphilic aldehyde within the hydrophobic environment of amphiphilic aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuto Takakura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Suzuka National College of Technology, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie 510-0294, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Competition between model protocells driven by an encapsulated catalyst. Nat Chem 2013; 5:495-501. [PMID: 23695631 PMCID: PMC4041014 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The advent of Darwinian evolution required the emergence of molecular mechanisms for the heritable variation of fitness. One model for such a system involves competing protocell populations, each consisting of a replicating genetic polymer within a replicating vesicle. In this model, each genetic polymer imparts a selective advantage to its protocell by, for example, coding for a catalyst that generates a useful metabolite. Here, we report a partial model of such nascent evolutionary traits in a system that consists of fatty-acid vesicles containing a dipeptide catalyst, which catalyses the formation of a second dipeptide. The newly formed dipeptide binds to vesicle membranes, which imparts enhanced affinity for fatty acids and thus promotes vesicle growth. The catalysed dipeptide synthesis proceeds with higher efficiency in vesicles than in free solution, which further enhances fitness. Our observations suggest that, in a replicating protocell with an RNA genome, ribozyme-catalysed peptide synthesis might have been sufficient to initiate Darwinian evolution.
Collapse
|
13
|
Self-reproduction of supramolecular giant vesicles combined with the amplification of encapsulated DNA. Nat Chem 2011; 3:775-81. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Tomita T, Sugawara T, Wakamoto Y. Multitude of morphological dynamics of giant multilamellar vesicles in regulated nonequilibrium environments. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:10106-10112. [PMID: 21702436 DOI: 10.1021/la2018456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lipid giant vesicles (GVs) exhibit biologically relevant morphological dynamics such as growth and division under certain conditions without any sophisticated molecular machineries employed by the current organisms. Nonequilibrium conditions are essential for the emergence of dynamic behaviors, which are normally generated by the addition of stimulating materials or by the change of some physical conditions. Therefore, an experimental method that allows flexible control of external conditions is desirable. Here we report a new and simple perfusion device for light microscopy observation that simultaneously realizes such control and tracking of individual phospholipid GVs for the long-term. We apply this device to the study of the morphological dynamics of POPC-based giant multilamellar vesicles (GMVs) under a monotonic and gradual increase of surfactant concentration; thereby we reveal the existence of multiple pathways in the slow solubilization processes, whose frequencies depend on the compositions of GMVs. This perfusion device would offer an unprecedented control of external conditions in the studies of GVs and might help us characterize the physicochemical origins of rich morphological dynamics of living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tomita
- Department of Basic Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- a World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), and JST, CREST , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Keita Sakakibara
- a World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), and JST, CREST , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Gary J. Richards
- a World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), and JST, CREST , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- a World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), and JST, CREST , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Matsumoto J, Yoneda K, Tasaka J, Shiragami T, Yasuda M. Preparation and Characterization of Phase-Segregated Vesicles of Photopolymerizable Diacetylene Mixed with Nonpolymerizable Amphiphiles. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
18
|
Ohkuma T, Ohta T. Deformable self-propelled particles with a global coupling. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2010; 20:023101. [PMID: 20590297 DOI: 10.1063/1.3374362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have proposed a model of deformable self-propelled particles in which the time-evolution equations are given in terms of the center-of-mass velocity and a nematic order parameter representing the motion-induced deformation [T. Ohta and T. Ohkuma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 154101 (2009)]. We investigate its many-body problem applying a global orientational coupling. Depending on the strength of the interaction, the self-propelled particles exhibit various kinds of collective dynamics and chaotic behavior: a ballistic procession state, a scattered state, a coherently phase synchronized state, two types of in-phase synchronized state, and an anomalously diffusive state. The phase reduction method for the weak coupling regime reveals the bifurcations between the secular collective motions. The phase boundary among the chaos regime and the synchronized regimes is determined by the linear stability analysis of the synchronized states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ohkuma
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|