1
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Lu S, Agata R, Nomura S, Matsuda H, Isozaki K, Nakamura M. Regioselective Propargylic Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling by SciPROP-Iron Catalyst. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8385-8396. [PMID: 38684935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The iron-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of secondary propargyl electrophiles with lithium organoborates has been established. A propyl-bridged bulky bisphosphine ligand, SciPROP-TB, cooperated with the bulky TIPS substituent at the alkyne terminal position to achieve the cross-coupling reaction with exclusive propargylic selectivity. The reaction features high functional group compatibility, regioselectivity, and yield with a broad substrate scope. The reaction of an optically active chiral propargyl bromide proceeds with complete racemization, supporting a mechanism involving propargyl radical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Lu
- International Research Center of Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Agata
- International Research Center of Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satsuki Nomura
- International Research Center of Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- International Research Center of Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Isozaki
- International Research Center of Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- International Research Center of Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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2
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Aguilera M, Gogoi AR, Lee W, Liu L, Brennessel WW, Gutierrez O, Neidig ML. Insight into Radical Initiation, Solvent Effects, and Biphenyl Production in Iron-Bisphosphine Cross-Couplings. ACS Catal 2023; 13:8987-8996. [PMID: 37441237 PMCID: PMC10334425 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron-bisphosphines have attracted broad interest as highly effective and versatile catalytic systems for two- and three-component cross-coupling strategies. While recent mechanistic studies have defined the role of organoiron(II)-bisphosphine species as key intermediates for selective cross-coupled product formation in these systems, mechanistic features that are essential for catalytic performance remain undefined. Specifically, key questions include the following: what is the generality of iron(II) intermediates for radical initiation in cross-couplings? What factors control reactivity toward homocoupled biaryl side-products in these systems? Finally, what are the solvent effects in these reactions that enable high catalytic performance? Herein, we address these key questions by examining the mechanism of enantioselective coupling between α-chloro- and α-bromoalkanoates and aryl Grignard reagents catalyzed by chiral bisphosphine-iron complexes. By employing freeze-trapped 57Fe Mössbauer and EPR studies combined with inorganic synthesis, X-ray crystallography, reactivity studies, and quantum mechanical calculations, we define the key in situ iron speciation as well as their catalytic roles. In contrast to iron-SciOPP aryl-alkyl couplings, where monophenylated species were found to be the predominant reactive intermediate or prior proposals of reduced iron species to initiate catalysis, the enantioselective system utilizes an iron(II)-(R,R)-BenzP* bisphenylated intermediate to initiate the catalytic cycle. A profound consequence of this radical initiation process is that halogen abstraction and subsequent reductive elimination result in considerable amounts of biphenyl side products, limiting the efficiency of this method. Overall, this study offers key insights into the broader role of iron(II)-bisphosphine species for radical initiation, factors contributing to biphenyl side product generation, and protocol effects (solvent, Grignard reagent addition rate) that are critical to minimizing biphenyl generation to obtain more selective cross-coupling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
Camila Aguilera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Achyut Ranjan Gogoi
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Wes Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lei Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Michael L. Neidig
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
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3
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Zhang S, Vayer M, Noël F, Vuković VD, Golushko A, Rezajooei N, Rowley CN, Lebœuf D, Moran J. Unlocking the Friedel-Crafts arylation of primary aliphatic alcohols and epoxides driven by hexafluoroisopropanol. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Wowk V, Rousseau L, Lefèvre G. Importance of Two-Electron Processes in Fe-Catalyzed Aryl-(hetero)aryl Cross-Couplings: Evidence of Fe 0/Fe II Couple Implication. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Wowk
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lidie Rousseau
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D, 75005 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D, 75005 Paris, France
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5
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Bakas NJ, Neidig ML. Additive and Counterion Effects in Iron-Catalyzed Reactions Relevant to C-C Bond Formation. ACS Catal 2021; 11:8493-8503. [PMID: 35664726 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of iron catalysts in carbon-carbon bond forming reactions is of interest as an alternative to precious metal catalysts, offering reduced cost, lower toxicity, and different reactivity. While well-defined ligands such as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and phosphines can be highly effective in these reactions, additional additives such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), and iron salts that alter speciation can also be employed to achieve high product yields. However, in contrast to well-defined iron ligands, the roles of these additives are often ambiguous, and molecular-level insights into how they achieve effective catalysis are not well-defined. Using a unique physical-inorganic in situ spectroscopic approach, detailed insights into the effect of additives on iron speciation, mechanism, and catalysis can inform further reaction development. In this Perspective, recent advances will be discussed as well as ongoing challenges and potential opportunities in iron-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki J Bakas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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6
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Rummelt SM, Peterson PO, Zhong H, Chirik PJ. Oxidative Addition of Aryl and Alkyl Halides to a Reduced Iron Pincer Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5928-5936. [PMID: 33829769 PMCID: PMC8293301 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The two-electron oxidative addition of aryl and alkyl halides to a reduced iron dinitrogen complex with a strong-field tridentate pincer ligand has been demonstrated. Addition of iodobenzene or bromobenzene to (3,5-Me2MesCNC)Fe(N2)2 (3,5-Me2MesCNC = 2,6-(2,4,6-Me-C6H2-imidazol-2-ylidene)2-3,5-Me2-pyridine) resulted in rapid oxidative addition and formation of the diamagnetic, octahedral Fe(II) products (3,5-Me2MesCNC)Fe(Ph)(N2)(X), where X = I or Br. Competition experiments established the relative rate of oxidative addition of aryl halides as I > Br > Cl. A linear free energy of relative reaction rates of electronically differentiated aryl bromides (ρ = 1.5) was consistent with a concerted-type pathway. The oxidative addition of alkyl halides such as methyl-, isobutyl-, or neopentyl halides was also rapid at room temperature, but substrates with more accessible β-hydrogen positions (e.g., 1-bromobutane) underwent subsequent β-hydride elimination. Cyclization of an alkyl halide containing a radical clock and epimerization of neohexyl iodide-d2 upon oxidative addition to (3,5-Me2MesCNC)Fe(N2)2 are consistent with radical intermediates during C(sp3)-X bond cleavage. Importantly, while C(sp2)-X and C(sp3)-X oxidative addition produces net two-electron chemistry, the preferred pathway for obtaining the products is concerted and stepwise, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul O. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hongyu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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7
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Adak L, Hatakeyama T, Nakamura M. Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions Tuned by Bulky Ortho-Phenylene Bisphosphine Ligands. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laksmikanta Adak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- International Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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8
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Fürstner A. Iron Catalyzed C–C-Bond Formation: From Canonical Cross Coupling to a Quest for New Reactivity. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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9
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Wu L, Wei H, Shen J, Chen J, Zhang W. Development of Earth-Abundant Metals-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkenylations Using Alkenyl Metal Reagents. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21070338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Rana S, Biswas JP, Paul S, Paik A, Maiti D. Organic synthesis with the most abundant transition metal–iron: from rust to multitasking catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:243-472. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00688b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The promising aspects of iron in synthetic chemistry are being explored for three-four decades as a green and eco-friendly alternative to late transition metals. This present review unveils these rich iron-chemistry towards different transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Rana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | | | - Sabarni Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Aniruddha Paik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI)
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11
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Sharma AK, Nakamura M. A DFT Study on Fe I/Fe II/Fe III Mechanism of the Cross-Coupling between Haloalkane and Aryl Grignard Reagent Catalyzed by Iron-SciOPP Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163612. [PMID: 32784472 PMCID: PMC7465158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore plausible reaction pathways of the cross-coupling reaction between a haloalkane and an aryl metal reagent catalyzed by an iron–phosphine complex, we examine the reaction of FeBrPh(SciOPP) 1 and bromocycloheptane employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Besides the cross-coupling, we also examined the competitive pathways of β-hydrogen elimination to give the corresponding alkene byproduct. The DFT study on the reaction pathways explains the cross-coupling selectivity over the elimination in terms of FeI/FeII/FeIII mechanism which involves the generation of alkyl radical intermediates and their propagation in a chain reaction manner. The present study gives insight into the detailed molecular mechanic of the cross-coupling reaction and revises the FeII/FeII mechanisms previously proposed by us and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K. Sharma
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-774-38-3180
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12
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13
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Nugent J, Shire BR, Caputo DFJ, Pickford HD, Nightingale F, Houlsby ITT, Mousseau JJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis of All-Carbon Disubstituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by Iron-Catalyzed Kumada Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11866-11870. [PMID: 32346946 PMCID: PMC7383991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important motifs in drug design as surrogates for p-substituted arenes and alkynes. Access to all-carbon disubstituted BCPs via cross-coupling has to date been limited to use of the BCP as the organometallic component, which restricts scope due to the harsh conditions typically required for the synthesis of metallated BCPs. Here we report a general method to access 1,3-C-disubstituted BCPs from 1-iodo-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (iodo-BCPs) by direct iron-catalyzed cross-coupling with aryl and heteroaryl Grignard reagents. This chemistry represents the first general use of iodo-BCPs as electrophiles in cross-coupling, and the first Kumada coupling of tertiary iodides. Benefiting from short reaction times, mild conditions, and broad scope of the coupling partners, it enables the synthesis of a wide range of 1,3-C-disubstituted BCPs including various drug analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Bethany R. Shire
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Dimitri F. J. Caputo
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Helena D. Pickford
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Frank Nightingale
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Ian T. T. Houlsby
- Syngenta Ltd.Jealott's Hill International Research CentreBracknellRG42 6EYUK
| | | | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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14
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Nugent J, Shire BR, Caputo DFJ, Pickford HD, Nightingale F, Houlsby ITT, Mousseau JJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis of All‐Carbon Disubstituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by Iron‐Catalyzed Kumada Cross‐Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Bethany R. Shire
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Dimitri F. J. Caputo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Helena D. Pickford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Frank Nightingale
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Ian T. T. Houlsby
- Syngenta Ltd. Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell RG42 6EY UK
| | | | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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15
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Crockett MP, Wong AS, Li B, Byers JA. Rational Design of an Iron‐Based Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Couplings Involving Heteroaromatic Boronic Esters and Tertiary Alkyl Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5392-5397. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Crockett
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Alexander S. Wong
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Jeffery A. Byers
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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16
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Liu L, Lee W, Yuan M, Acha C, Geherty MB, Williams B, Gutierrez O. Intra- and intermolecular Fe-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of vinyl cyclopropanes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3146-3151. [PMID: 34122819 PMCID: PMC8157325 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00467g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Design and implementation of the first (asymmetric) Fe-catalyzed intra- and intermolecular difunctionalization of vinyl cyclopropanes (VCPs) with alkyl halides and aryl Grignard reagents has been realized via a mechanistically driven approach. Mechanistic studies support the diffusion of alkyl radical intermediates out of the solvent cage to participate in an intra- or intermolecular radical cascade with a range of VCPs followed by re-entering the Fe radical cross-coupling cycle to undergo (stereo)selective C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond formation. This work provides a proof-of-concept of the use of vinyl cyclopropanes as synthetically useful 1,5-synthons in Fe-catalyzed conjunctive cross-couplings with alkyl halides and aryl/vinyl Grignard reagents. Overall, we provide new design principles for Fe-mediated radical processes and underscore the potential of using combined computations and experiments to accelerate the development of challenging transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Wes Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Mingbin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Chris Acha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Michael B Geherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Brandon Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
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17
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Crockett MP, Wong AS, Li B, Byers JA. Rational Design of an Iron‐Based Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Couplings Involving Heteroaromatic Boronic Esters and Tertiary Alkyl Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Crockett
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Alexander S. Wong
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Jeffery A. Byers
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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18
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Kyne SH, Lefèvre G, Ollivier C, Petit M, Ramis Cladera VA, Fensterbank L. Iron and cobalt catalysis: new perspectives in synthetic radical chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8501-8542. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Iron and cobalt complexes are at the origin of high valuable synthetic pathways involving radical intemediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H. Kyne
- School of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- i-CLeHS CSB2D
- Chimie ParisTech
- 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie
- FR 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Cyril Ollivier
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Marc Petit
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | | | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
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19
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Manjón‐Mata I, Quirós MT, Buñuel E, Cárdenas DJ. Regioselective Iron‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl Propargylic Bromides and Aryl Grignard Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Manjón‐Mata
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - M. Teresa Quirós
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Buñuel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Diego J. Cárdenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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20
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Hashimoto T, Maruyama T, Yamaguchi T, Matsubara Y, Yamaguchi Y. Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Alkyl Halides with Aryl Grignard Reagents Using a Tetrachloroferrate with an Innocent Countercation. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of EngineeringYokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Maruyama
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of EngineeringYokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | - Takamichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of EngineeringYokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsubara
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of EngineeringYokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of EngineeringYokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
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21
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Khusnutdinov RI, Shchadneva NA. Metal complex catalysis in the chemistry of lower diamondoids. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The review presents the first survey of published data on the use of compounds, complexes and nanoparticles of transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, V, Mo, Cu, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Os, Au, Re and Th) in the catalytic transformations of lower diamondoids — adamantane, diamantane and their derivatives. Catalytic halogenation, oxidation, alkylation and cross-coupling reactions are considered, and the formation pathways of C–N, C–S and C–Se bonds in the series of adamantanoids are discussed. Reaction conditions, appropriate catalytic systems and the structures of products are presented.
The bibliography includes 242 references.
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22
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Motohashi H, Kato M, Mikami K. Ligand-Less Iron-Catalyzed Aromatic Cross-Coupling Difluoromethylation of Grignard Reagents with Difluoroiodomethane. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6483-6490. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Motohashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Miki Kato
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Koichi Mikami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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23
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Hajiabbasi P, Hamidi H. Advances in Kumada–Tamao–Corriu cross-coupling reaction: an update. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-2364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Agata R, Takaya H, Matsuda H, Nakatani N, Takeuchi K, Iwamoto T, Hatakeyama T, Nakamura M. Iron-Catalyzed Cross Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Alkyl Grignard Reagents: Synthetic Scope and FeII/FeIV Mechanism Supported by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Agata
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakatani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Takeuchi
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwamoto
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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25
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Neidig ML, Carpenter SH, Curran DJ, DeMuth JC, Fleischauer VE, Iannuzzi TE, Neate PGN, Sears JD, Wolford NJ. Development and Evolution of Mechanistic Understanding in Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:140-150. [PMID: 30592421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Kochi in the 1970s, iron has attracted great interest for cross-coupling catalysis due to its low cost and toxicity as well as its potential for novel reactivity compared to analogous reactions with precious metals like palladium. Today there are numerous iron-based cross-coupling methodologies available, including challenging alkyl-alkyl and enantioselective methods. Furthermore, cross-couplings with simple ferric salts and additives like NMP and TMEDA ( N-methylpyrrolidone and tetramethylethylenediamine) continue to attract interest in pharmaceutical applications. Despite the tremendous advances in iron cross-coupling methodologies, in situ formed and reactive iron species and the underlying mechanisms of catalysis remain poorly understood in many cases, inhibiting mechanism-driven methodology development in this field. This lack of mechanism-driven development has been due, in part, to the challenges of applying traditional characterization methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to iron chemistry due to the multitude of paramagnetic species that can form in situ. The application of a broad array of inorganic spectroscopic methods (e.g., electron paramagnetic resonance, 57Fe Mössbauer, and magnetic circular dichroism) removes this barrier and has revolutionized our ability to evaluate iron speciation. In conjunction with inorganic syntheses of unstable organoiron intermediates and combined inorganic spectroscopy/gas chromatography studies to evaluate in situ iron reactivity, this approach has dramatically evolved our understanding of in situ iron speciation, reactivity, and mechanisms in iron-catalyzed cross-coupling over the past 5 years. This Account focuses on the key advances made in obtaining mechanistic insight in iron-catalyzed carbon-carbon cross-couplings using simple ferric salts, iron-bisphosphines, and iron- N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). Our studies of ferric salt catalysis have resulted in the isolation of an unprecedented iron-methyl cluster, allowing us to identify a novel reaction pathway and solve a decades-old mystery in iron chemistry. NMP has also been identified as a key to accessing more stable intermediates in reactions containing nucleophiles with and without β-hydrogens. In iron-bisphosphine chemistry, we have identified several series of transmetalated iron(II)-bisphosphine complexes containing mesityl, phenyl, and alkynyl nucleophile-derived ligands, where mesityl systems were found to be unreliable analogues to phenyls. Finally, in iron-NHC cross-coupling, unique chelation effects were observed in cases where nucleophile-derived ligands contained coordinating functional groups. As with the bisphosphine case, high-spin iron(II) complexes were shown to be reactive and selective in cross-coupling. Overall, these studies have demonstrated key aspects of iron cross-coupling and the utility of detailed speciation and mechanistic studies for the rational improvement and development of iron cross-coupling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Stephanie H. Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Daniel J. Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Joshua C. DeMuth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Valerie E. Fleischauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Theresa E. Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Peter G. N. Neate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Sears
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Nikki J. Wolford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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26
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Liu L, Lee W, Zhou J, Bandyopadhyay S, Gutierrez O. Radical-clock α-halo-esters as mechanistic probes for bisphosphine iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Iwamoto T, Okuzono C, Adak L, Jin M, Nakamura M. Iron-catalysed enantioselective Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of racemic alkyl bromides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1128-1131. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09523j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first iron-catalyzed enantioselective Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction has been established by using electron-deficient P-chiral bisphosphine ligand (R,R)-QuinoxP*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 611-0011
- Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry
| | - Chiemi Okuzono
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 611-0011
- Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry
| | - Laksmikanta Adak
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 611-0011
- Japan
| | - Masayoshi Jin
- Process Technology Research Laboratories
- Pharmaceutical Technology Division
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
- Hiratsuka
- Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 611-0011
- Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry
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28
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The highly surprising behaviour of diphosphine ligands in iron-catalysed Negishi cross-coupling. Nat Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-018-0197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Sears JD, Neate PGN, Neidig ML. Intermediates and Mechanism in Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11872-11883. [PMID: 30226380 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have attracted significant research interest, as they offer numerous favorable features compared with cross-coupling reactions with precious metal catalysis. While this research has contributed to an empirical understanding of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling, the underlying fundamental mechanisms of reaction and structures of catalytically active species have remained poorly defined. The lack of such detail can be attributed to the difficulties associated with studying such iron-catalyzed reactions, where unstable paramagnetic intermediates abound. Recently, the combined application of physical-inorganic spectroscopic methods, concomitant organic product analysis, and air- and temperature-sensitive inorganic synthesis has yielded the most detailed insight currently available on reactivity and mechanism in iron-catalyzed cross-coupling. This Perspective highlights this approach and the limitations of the contributing techniques as well as some of the key features of the catalytic reactions studied and lessons learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Sears
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
| | - Peter G N Neate
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
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30
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Crockett MP, Tyrol CC, Wong AS, Li B, Byers JA. Iron-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions between Alkyl Halides and Unactivated Arylboronic Esters. Org Lett 2018; 20:5233-5237. [PMID: 30132330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between alkyl halides and arylboronic esters was developed that does not involve activation of the boronic ester with alkyllithium reagents nor requires magnesium additives. A combination of experimental and theoretical investigations revealed that lithium amide bases coupled with iron complexes containing deprotonated cyanobis(oxazoline) ligands were best to obtain high yields (up to 89%) in catalytic cross-coupling reactions. Mechanistic investigations implicate carbon-centered radical intermediates and highlight the critical importance of avoiding conditions that lead to iron aggregates. The new iron-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction was applied toward the shortest reported synthesis of the pharmaceutical Cinacalcet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Crockett
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Chet C Tyrol
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Alexander S Wong
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Jeffery A Byers
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
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31
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Iwasaki T, Shimizu R, Imanishi R, Kuniyasu H, Kambe N. Cross-coupling Reaction of Alkyl Halides with Alkyl Grignard Reagents Catalyzed by Cp-Iron Complexes in the Presence of 1,3-Butadiene. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryohei Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Reiko Imanishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kuniyasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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32
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Liu Q, Wang ZY, Peng XS, Wong HNC. Ligand-Free Iron-Catalyzed Carbon(sp 2)-Carbon(sp 2) Cross-Coupling of Alkenyllithium with Vinyl Halides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6325-6333. [PMID: 29790346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient ligand-free iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction involving alkenyllithium and vinyl iodides was developed to form diene species in moderate to good yields. This new iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction provides a mild, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly avenue toward synthesis of diversified diene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Xiao-Shui Peng
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories , Hong Kong SAR , China.,Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , No. 10 Second Yuexing Road , Shenzhen 518507 , China
| | - Henry N C Wong
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories , Hong Kong SAR , China.,Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , No. 10 Second Yuexing Road , Shenzhen 518507 , China
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33
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Sharma AK, Sameera WMC, Jin M, Adak L, Okuzono C, Iwamoto T, Kato M, Nakamura M, Morokuma K. DFT and AFIR Study on the Mechanism and the Origin of Enantioselectivity in Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16117-16125. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K. Sharma
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - W. M. C. Sameera
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Jin
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Process
Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Laksmikanta Adak
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Chiemi Okuzono
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwamoto
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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34
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Lee W, Zhou J, Gutierrez O. Mechanism of Nakamura’s Bisphosphine-Iron-Catalyzed Asymmetric C(sp2)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling Reaction: The Role of Spin in Controlling Arylation Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16126-16133. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wes Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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35
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Carpenter SH, Neidig ML. A Physical-Inorganic Approach for the Elucidation of Active Iron Species and Mechanism in Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. Isr J Chem 2017; 57:1106-1116. [PMID: 29622838 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Detailed studies of iron speciation and mechanism in iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are critical for providing the necessary fundamental insight to drive new reaction development. However, such insight is challenging to obtain due to the prevalence of mixtures of unstable, paramagnetic organoiron species that can form in this chemistry. A physical-inorganic research approach combining freeze-trapped inorganic spectroscopic studies, organometallic synthesis and GC/kinetic studies provides a powerful method for studying such systems. Mössbauer, EPR and MCD spectroscopy enable the direct investigation of in situ formed iron species and, combined with GC analysis, the direct correlation of reactions of specific iron species to the generation of organic products. This review focuses on a description of the key methods involved in this physical-inorganic approach, as well as examples of its application to investigations of iron-SciOPP catalyzed cross-coupling catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627 (USA), Tel: 585-276-6006
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627 (USA), Tel: 585-276-6006
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36
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Adak L, Kawamura S, Toma G, Takenaka T, Isozaki K, Takaya H, Orita A, Li HC, Shing TKM, Nakamura M. Synthesis of Aryl C-Glycosides via Iron-Catalyzed Cross Coupling of Halosugars: Stereoselective Anomeric Arylation of Glycosyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10693-10701. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laksmikanta Adak
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawamura
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Gabriel Toma
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Toshio Takenaka
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Isozaki
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Orita
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University of Science, Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Ho C. Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tony K. M. Shing
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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37
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Nagashima H. Catalyst Design of Iron Complexes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Nagashima
- Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasugakoen 6-1 Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasugakoen 6-1 Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Gobancho 7 Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076
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38
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Johnson C, Albrecht M. Triazolylidene Iron(II) Piano-Stool Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Johnson
- Departement für Chemie
und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Departement für Chemie
und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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39
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Kneebone JL, Brennessel WW, Neidig ML. Intermediates and Reactivity in Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Alkynyl Grignards with Alkyl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6988-7003. [PMID: 28445045 PMCID: PMC5539525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions using alkynyl nucleophiles represent an attractive approach for the incorporation of alkynyl moieties into organic molecules. In the present study, a multitechnique approach combining inorganic spectroscopic methods, inorganic synthesis, and reaction studies is applied to iron-SciOPP catalyzed alkynyl-alkyl cross-couplings, providing the first detailed insight into the effects of variation from sp2- to sp-hybridized nucleophiles on iron speciation and reactivity. Reaction studies demonstrate that reaction of FeBr2(SciOPP) with 1 equiv (triisopropylsilyl)ethynylmagnesium bromide (TIPS-CC-MgBr) leads to a distribution of mono-, bis-, and tris-alkynylated iron(II)-SciOPP species due to rapid alkynyl ligand redistribution. While solvents such as THF promote these complex redistribution pathways, nonpolar solvents such as toluene enable increased stabilization of these iron species and further enabled assessment of their reactivity with electrophile. While the tris-alkynylated iron(II)-SciOPP species was found to be unreactive with the cycloheptyl bromide electrophile over the average turnover time of catalysis, the in situ formed neutral mono- and bis-alkynylated iron(II)-SciOPP complexes are consumed upon reaction with the electrophile with concomitant generation of cross-coupled product at catalytically relevant rates, indicating the ability of one or both of these species to react selectively with the electrophile. The nature of the reaction solvent and Grignard reagent addition rate were found to have broader implications in overall reaction selectivity, reaction rate, and accessibility of off-cycle iron(I)-SciOPP species. Additionally, the effects of steric substitution of the alkynyl Grignard reagent on catalytic performance were investigated. Fundamental insight into iron speciation and reactivity with alkynyl nucleophiles reported herein provides an essential foundation for the continued development of this important class of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared L. Kneebone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Michael L. Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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40
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Abstract
An Fe/Cu-mediated one-pot ketone synthesis was reported. Unlike Ni- and Pd-mediated one-pot ketone syntheses, the reported Fe/Cu-mediated method allowed selective activation and coupling of alkyl iodides over vinyl iodides. The newly developed one-pot ketone synthesis was applied to a synthesis of vinyl iodide/ketone 13, the left half of halichondrin B, as well as vinyl iodide/ketone 8a, the C20-C26 building block of halichondrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vemula Praveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Vaddela Sudheer Babu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kenzo Yahata
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yoshito Kishi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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41
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Matsubara Y, Yamaguchi T, Hashimoto T, Yamaguchi Y. Iron(II) bipyridine complexes for the cross-coupling reaction of bromocyclohexane with phenylmagnesium bromide. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Guérinot A, Cossy J. Iron-Catalyzed C-C Cross-Couplings Using Organometallics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:49. [PMID: 27573401 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, iron-catalyzed cross-couplings have emerged as an important tool for the formation of C-C bonds. A wide variety of alkenyl, aryl, and alkyl (pseudo)halides have been coupled to organometallic reagents, the most currently used being Grignard reagents. Particular attention has been devoted to the development of iron catalysts for the functionalization of alkyl halides that are generally challenging substrates in classical cross-couplings. The high functional group tolerance of iron-catalyzed cross-couplings has encouraged organic chemists to use them in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Even if some points remain obscure, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the mechanism of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling and several hypotheses have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Guérinot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL* Research Institute, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL* Research Institute, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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43
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Cassani C, Bergonzini G, Wallentin CJ. Active Species and Mechanistic Pathways in Iron-Catalyzed C–C Bond-Forming Cross-Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cassani
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-412 58 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giulia Bergonzini
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-412 58 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Wallentin
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-412 58 Gothenburg, Sweden
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44
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Li Z, Sun HM, Shen Q. Iron-mediated inter- and intramolecular reductive cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl chlorides with aryl bromides. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3314-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Efficient inter- and intramolecular reductive cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl chlorides by Fe(PPh3)2Cl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Qi Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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45
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Mako TL, Byers JA. Recent advances in iron-catalysed cross coupling reactions and their mechanistic underpinning. Inorg Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qi00295h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Advances in iron-catalysed cross coupling from 2010–2015 are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. L. Mako
- Department of Chemistry
- Boston College
- Chestnut Hill
- USA
| | - J. A. Byers
- Department of Chemistry
- Boston College
- Chestnut Hill
- USA
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46
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Kneebone JL, Fleischauer VE, Daifuku SL, Shaps AA, Bailey JM, Iannuzzi TE, Neidig ML. Electronic Structure and Bonding in Iron(II) and Iron(I) Complexes Bearing Bisphosphine Ligands of Relevance to Iron-Catalyzed C-C Cross-Coupling. Inorg Chem 2015; 55:272-82. [PMID: 26654097 PMCID: PMC4887941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Chelating
phosphines are effective additives and supporting ligands for a wide
array of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. While recent studies
have begun to unravel the nature of the in situ-formed iron species
in several of these reactions, including the identification of the
active iron species, insight into the origin of the differential effectiveness
of bisphosphine ligands in catalysis as a function of their backbone
and peripheral steric structures remains elusive. Herein, we report
a spectroscopic and computational investigation of well-defined FeCl2(bisphosphine) complexes (bisphosphine = SciOPP, dpbz, tBudppe, or Xantphos) and known iron(I) variants to systematically
discern the relative effects of bisphosphine backbone character and
steric substitution on the overall electronic structure and bonding
within their iron complexes across oxidation states implicated to
be relevant in catalysis. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and density
functional theory (DFT) studies demonstrate that common o-phenylene and saturated ethyl backbone motifs result in small but
non-negligible perturbations to 10Dq(Td) and iron–bisphosphine bonding
character at the iron(II) level within isostructural tetrahedra as
well as in five-coordinate iron(I) complexes FeCl(dpbz)2 and FeCl(dppe)2. Notably, coordination of Xantphos to
FeCl2 results in a ligand field significantly reduced relative
to those of its iron(II) partners, where a large bite angle and consequent
reduced iron–phosphorus Mayer bond orders (MBOs) could play
a role in fostering the unique ability of Xantphos to be an effective
additive in Kumada and Suzuki–Miyaura alkyl–alkyl cross-couplings.
Furthermore, it has been found that the peripheral steric bulk of
the SciOPP ligand does little to perturb the electronic structure
of FeCl2(SciOPP) relative to that of the analogous FeCl2(dpbz) complex, potentially suggesting that differences in
the steric properties of these ligands might be more important in
determining in situ iron speciation and reactivity. Use of bisphosphines as supporting ligands in iron-catalyzed C−C
cross-coupling has led to numerous successful reaction methodologies;
herein, spectroscopic and density functional theory investigations
provide fundamental insight into consequences of bisphosphine ligand
structure on electronic structure and bonding within iron(II) and
iron(I) bearing catalytically relevant ligand scaffolds. On the basis
of these studies, potential contributions of electronic effects and
peripheral steric effects in iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions
are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared L Kneebone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Valerie E Fleischauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Stephanie L Daifuku
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Ari A Shaps
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Joseph M Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Theresa E Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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47
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Przyojski JA, Veggeberg KP, Arman HD, Tonzetich ZJ. Mechanistic Studies of Catalytic Carbon–Carbon Cross-Coupling by Well-Defined Iron NHC Complexes. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Przyojski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Kevin P. Veggeberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi D. Arman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Zachary J. Tonzetich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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48
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Daifuku SL, Kneebone JL, Snyder BER, Neidig ML. Iron(II) Active Species in Iron-Bisphosphine Catalyzed Kumada and Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Couplings of Phenyl Nucleophiles and Secondary Alkyl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11432-44. [PMID: 26266698 PMCID: PMC4887939 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
While previous studies have identified FeMes2(SciOPP) as the active catalyst species in iron-SciOPP catalyzed Kumada cross-coupling of mesitylmagnesium bromide and primary alkyl halides, the active catalyst species in cross-couplings with phenyl nucleophiles, where low valent iron species might be prevalent due to accessible reductive elimination pathways, remains undefined. In the present study, in situ Mössbauer and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopic studies combined with inorganic syntheses and reaction studies are employed to evaluate the in situ formed iron species and identify the active catalytic species in iron-SciOPP catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura and Kumada cross-couplings of phenyl nucleophiles and secondary alkyl halides. While reductive elimination to form Fe(η(6)-biphenyl)(SciOPP) occurs upon reaction of FeCl2(SciOPP) with phenyl nucleophiles, this iron(0) species is not found to be kinetically competent for catalysis. Importantly, mono- and bis-phenylated iron(II)-SciOPP species that form prior to reductive elimination are identified, where both species are found to be reactive toward electrophile at catalytically relevant rates. The higher selectivity toward the formation of cross-coupled product observed for the monophenylated species combined with the undertransmetalated nature of the in situ iron species in both Kumada and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions indicates that Fe(Ph)X(SciOPP) (X = Br, Cl) is the predominant reactive species in cross-coupling. Overall, these studies demonstrate that low-valent iron is not required for the generation of highly reactive species for effective aryl-alkyl cross-couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Daifuku
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Jared L Kneebone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Benjamin E R Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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49
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Jin M, Adak L, Nakamura M. Iron-Catalyzed Enantioselective Cross-Coupling Reactions of α-Chloroesters with Aryl Grignard Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7128-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Jin
- Process Technology
Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi
Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Laksmikanta Adak
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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50
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Bedford RB. How low does iron go? Chasing the active species in fe-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1485-93. [PMID: 25916260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic cross-coupling reactions of organic halides or related substrates with organometallic nucleophiles form the cornerstone of many carbon-carbon bond-forming processes. While palladium-based catalysts typically mediate such reactions, there are increasing concerns about the long-term sustainability of palladium in synthesis. This is due to the high cost of palladium, coupled with its low natural abundance, environmentally deleterious extraction (∼6 g of metal are produced per ton of ore), toxicity, and competition for its use from the automotive and consumer electronics sectors. Therefore, there is a growing interest in replacing palladium-based catalysts with those incorporating more earth-abundant elements. With its low cost, high natural abundance, and low toxicity, iron makes a particularly appealing alternative, and accordingly, the development of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling is undergoing explosive growth. However, our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin the iron-based catalytic cycles is still very much in its infancy. Mechanistic insight into catalytic reactions is not only academically important but also allows us to maximize the efficiency of processes or even to develop entirely new transformations. Key to the development of robust mechanistic models for cross-coupling is knowing the lowest oxidation state in the cycle. Once this is established, we can explore subsequent redox processes and build the catalytic manifold. Until we know with confidence what the lowest oxidation state is, any cycles proposed are largely just guesswork. To date, Fe(-II), Fe(-I), Fe(0), Fe(I), and Fe(II) have been proposed as contenders for the lowest-oxidation-state species in the cycle in iron-catalyzed cross-coupling; the aim of this Account is to pull together the various pieces of evidence in support, or otherwise, of each of these suggestions in turn. There currently exists no direct evidence that oxidation states below Fe(0) are active in the catalytic cycle. Meanwhile, the reactivity required of the lowest-oxidation-state species has been observed with model compounds in higher oxidation states, implying that there is no need to invoke such low oxidation states. While subzero-valent complexes do indeed act as effective precatalysts, it is important to recognize that this tells us that they are efficiently converted to an active catalyst but says nothing about the oxidation states of the species in the catalytic cycle. Zero-valent heterogeneous iron nanoparticles can be formed under typical catalytic conditions, but there is no evidence to suggest that homogeneous Fe(0) complexes can be produced under comparable conditions. It seems likely that the zero-valent nanoparticles act as a reservoir for soluble higher-oxidation-state species. Fe(II) complexes can certainly be formed under catalytically relevant conditions, and when bulky nucleophilic coupling partners are exploited, potential intermediates can be isolated. However, the bulky reagents act as poor proxies for most nucleophiles used in cross-coupling, as they give Fe(II) organometallic intermediates that are kinetically stabilized with respect to reductive elimination. When more realistic substrates are exploited, reduction or disproportionation to Fe(I) is widely observed, and while it still has not been conclusively proved, this oxidation state currently represents a likely candidate for the lowest one active in many iron-catalyzed cross-coupling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin B. Bedford
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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