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Higashimura I, Shele M, Akamatsu T, Ohmura R, Liang F, Okazoe T, Tsuda A. Photo-on-Demand In Situ One-Pot Synthesis of Carbonate Esters from Tetrachloroethylene. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1864-1872. [PMID: 38198222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study reports a novel one-pot synthesis of carbonate esters with photo-oxidized tetrachloroethylene (TCE). Acyclic and cyclic alkyl carbonate esters could be synthesized through base-promoted condensation reactions of alcohols with the photo-oxidized TCE that was prepared by irradiation with UV-C or visible light under O2 or O2/Cl2 (∼4%) bubbling, respectively. Cyclic carbonate esters could also be synthesized from a solution of TCE and the ethylene glycol derivative by irradiation of UV-C light under O2 bubbling. With respect to the reaction mechanism, the photochemical oxidation of TCE mainly provides the highly toxic and corrosive trichloroacetyl chloride (TCAC), which then reacts in situ with the alcohol to give the corresponding trichloroacetic acid ester (TCAE). The subsequent intermolecular or intramolecular base-catalyzed condensation reaction of TCAE with or without the addition of alcohol leads to elimination of CHCl3 in the corresponding carbonate ester. The present reactions enable the in situ one-pot synthesis of a variety of alkyl carbonate esters under mild conditions without the direct handling of TCAC. This is beneficial in terms of safety, cost, and reduced environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikkei Higashimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Muge Shele
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiki Akamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Ohmura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Fengying Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Okazoe
- Materials Integration Laboratories, AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Akamatsu T, Shele M, Matsune A, Kashiki Y, Liang F, Okazoe T, Tsuda A. Photo-on-Demand In Situ Synthesis of N-Substituted Trichloroacetamides with Tetrachloroethylene and Their Conversions to Ureas, Carbamates, and Polyurethanes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:2669-2684. [PMID: 36687089 PMCID: PMC9851034 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
N-substituted trichloroacetamides (NTCAs), which serve as blocked isocyanates, were synthesized in ∼97% yields by in situ photo-on-demand trichloroacetylation of amines with tetrachloroethylene (TCE). The reactions were performed by photo-irradiation of TCE solutions containing an amine under O2 bubbling over 70 °C with a low-pressure mercury lamp. TCE underwent photochemical oxidation to afford trichloroacetyl chloride having high toxicity and corrosivity, which then reacts in situ with the amine to afford NTCA. Compared with conventional NTCA synthesis with hexachloroacetone, the present reaction has the advantage of being widely applicable to a variety of amines, even those with low nucleophilicity such as amides, fluorinated amines, and amine HCl salts. NTCAs could be converted to the corresponding N-substituted ureas and carbamates through base-catalyzed condensation with amines and alcohols, respectively, with the elimination of CHCl3. The reaction may proceed by the initial formation of isocyanate and its subsequent addition reaction with the amine or alcohol. This photochemical reaction also enables the synthesis of fluorinated NTCAs, which accelerate the reactions, and realizes the synthesis of novel fluorinated chemicals including polyurethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Akamatsu
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe657-8501, Japan
| | - Muge Shele
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe657-8501, Japan
| | - Ayako Matsune
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kashiki
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe657-8501, Japan
| | - Fengying Liang
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Okazoe
- Materials
Integration Laboratories, AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa230-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tsuda
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe657-8501, Japan
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Liu Y, Okada I, Tsuda A. Flow Photo-On-Demand Phosgenation Reactions with Chloroform. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Itsuumi Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Sugimoto T, Kuwahara T, Liang F, Wang H, Tsuda A. Photo-On-Demand Synthesis of α-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides with Chloroform. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39250-39257. [PMID: 36340075 PMCID: PMC9631898 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) are conventionally synthesized from α-amino acids and phosgene. The present study reports in situ photo-on-demand phosgenation reactions of amino acids with CHCl3 for synthesizing NCAs. A series of NCAs were obtained on a gram scale upon photo-irradiation of a mixture solution of CHCl3 and CH3CN containing an amino acid at 60-70 °C under O2 bubbling. This method presents a safe and convenient reaction controlled by light without special apparatuses and reagents.
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