1
|
Obando D, Koda Y, Pantarat N, Lev S, Zuo X, Bijosono Oei J, Widmer F, Djordjevic JT, Sorrell TC, Jolliffe KA. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Series of Bis(pentylpyridinium) Compounds as Antifungal Agents. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1421-1436. [PMID: 29781143 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of bis(4-pentylpyridinium) compounds with a variety of spacers between the pyridinium headgroups was synthesised, and the antifungal activity of these compounds was investigated. Lengthening the alkyl spacer between the pentylpyridinium headgroups from 12 to 16 methylene units resulted in increased antifungal activity against C. neoformans and C. albicans, but also resulted in increased hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. However, inclusion of an ortho-substituted benzene ring in the centre of the alkyl spacer resulted in decreased cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity, while maintaining antifungal potency. Replacement of the alkyl and aromatic-containing spacers by more hydrophilic ethylene glycol groups resulted in a loss of antifungal activity. Some of the compounds inhibited fungal PLB1 activity, but the low correlation of this inhibition with antifungal potency indicates PLB1 inhibition is unlikely to be the predominant mode of antifungal action of this class of compounds, with preliminary studies suggesting they may act via disruption of fungal mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Obando
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Yasuko Koda
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Namfon Pantarat
- The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie Lev
- The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Zuo
- The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Johanes Bijosono Oei
- The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Fred Widmer
- The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Julianne T Djordjevic
- The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Tania C Sorrell
- The University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Since curare was introduced into clinical anaesthesia in 1942, efforts to create better neuromuscular blocking (NMB) muscle relaxants have continued. Today, muscle relaxation remains a mainstay of modern anaesthesia and intensive care. Through manipulation of the traditional structure-action relationships, many new and improved muscle relaxants have been created, and several have been brought to clinical use. However, structure-action relationship is inconsistent and has its limits. Using computer-aided molecular conformational analyses, the conformation-action relationships of NMB agents of various chemical classes have been explored. Conformation, no less than structure, of the NMB agents has shed new light on their mechanisms of action. By reflection, the conformations also suggest new details of the topology of the receptive sites of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modeled for the motor endplate of the skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chingmuh Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Campus of UCLA School of Medicine, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90274, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Analysis of Chemical-Structure-Activity Relationships to Identify New Pro-Drugs with Unique Mechanisms of Actions in Kampo Medicines and Other Natural Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(00)80057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|